CBE Intranet
Research Publications
| Title | Authors | Source | year | DocumentType | Abstract | DocumentURL | SubjectKeyword | AuthorKeyword |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Title | Authors | Source | year | DocumentType | Abstract | DocumentURL | SubjectKeyword | AuthorKeyword |
| Innovation through practice: The messy work of making technology useful for architecture, engineering and construction teams | Dossick, Carrie(1); Osburn, Laura(1); Neff, Gina(2) | Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management | 2019 | Article in Press | Purpose: Through the study of visualizations, virtual worlds and information exchange, the purpose of this paper is to reveal the complex connections between technology and the work of design and construction. The authors apply the sociotechnical view of technology and the ramifications this view has on successful use of technology in design and construction. Design/methodology/approach: This is a discussion paper reviewing over a decade of research that connects three streams of research on architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) teams as these teams grappled with adapting work practices to new technologies and the opportunities these technologies promised. Findings: From studies of design and construction practices with building information modeling and energy modeling, the authors show that given the constructed nature of models and the loose coupling of project teams, these team organizational practices need to mirror the modeling requirements. Second, looking at distributed teams, whose interaction is mediated by technology, the authors argue that virtual world visualizations enhance discovery, while distributed AEC teams also need more traditional forms of 2D abstraction, sketching and gestures to support integrated design dialogue. Finally, in information exchange research, the authors found that models and data have their own logic and structure and, as such, require creativity and ingenuity to exchange data across systems. Taken together, these streams of research suggest that process innovation is brought about by people developing new practices. Originality/value: In this paper, the authors argue that technology alone does not change practice. People who modify practices with and through technology create process innovation. © 2019, Emerald Publishing Limited. | Architectural design - Engineering research - Information dissemination - Information systems - Information theory - Societies and institutions - Virtual reality - Visualization | Architecture , engineering and constructions - Building Information Model - BIM - Building Information Modelling - Design and construction - Design and construction practice - Design/methodology/approach - Information exchanges - Organizational practices | |
| Protecting neighbourhood character while allowing growth? Pike/Pine Conservation Overlay District, Seattle, Washington | Kuriyama, Naoko; Ochsner, Jeffrey Karl | PLANNING PERSPECTIVES | Article; Early Access | The City of Seattle created the Pike/Pine Conservation Overlay District in 2009 to preserve the character of the Pike/Pine Corridor (neighbourhood) while simultaneously accommodating substantial growth in the number of residents and the size of buildings. Pike/Pine is known for its adaptively reused collection of early twentieth century 'Auto Row' buildings and for the diversity of its population. Since the year 2000, proximity to downtown has made this area attractive for development, and the city has designated Pike/Pine as a growth centre in its comprehensive plan. The city's implementation of the Pike/Pine Conservation Overlay District (one of the first uses of a conservation district in a commercial/mixed-use neighbourhood in the United States) seeks to address the conflict inherent in accommodating growth while simultaneously trying to protect older architecture, small-scale local businesses, and a diverse mix of housing. This article analyses the elements and impacts of this unusual district, considering its application of facade retention for townscape conservation as well as analysing its broad approach within the framework of integrated conservation. This article argues that the Pike/Pine Conservation Overlay District offers a useful case study for other cities looking to support growth while also retaining elements of the past. | PRESERVATION | Historic preservation; conservation district; overlay district; Seattle; Washington; Pike; Pine Corridor; integrated conservation; facadism; design review | ||
| Racial disparity in exposure to housing cost burden in the United States: 1980–2017. | Hess, Chris; Colburn, Gregg; Crowder, Kyle; Allen, Ryan | Housing Studies | 2020 | Journal Article | This article uses the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to analyse Black-White differences in housing cost burden exposure among renter households in the USA from 1980 to 2017, expanding understanding of this phenomenon in two respects. Specifically, we document how much this racial disparity changed among renters over almost four decades and identify how much factors associated with income or housing costs explain Black-White inequality in exposure to housing cost burden. For White households, the net contribution of household, neighbourhood and metropolitan covariates accounts for much of the change in the probability of housing cost burden over time. For Black households, however, the probability of experiencing housing cost burden continued to rise throughout the period of this study, even after controlling for household, neighbourhood and metropolitan covariates. This suggests that unobserved variables like racial discrimination, social networks or employment quality might explain the increasing disparity in cost burden among for Black and White households in the USA. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=145585289&site=ehost-live | ||
| Owning vs. Renting: the benefits of residential stability? | Acolin, Arthur | Housing Studies | 2020 | Journal Article | In housing research, owning, as compared to renting, is generally depicted as more desirable and associated with better outcomes. This paper explores differences in outcomes between owners and renters in 25 European countries and whether these differences are systematically smaller in countries in which owners and renters have more similar levels of residential stability (smaller tenure length gap). The results indicate that the direction of the relationship between tenure type and the selected outcomes is largely similar across countries. Owners generally exhibit more desirable outcomes (including life satisfaction, civic participation, educational outcomes for children, and physical and mental health). However, when looking at the relationship between outcomes and country level differences in tenure length gap, findings suggest that renters have outcomes that are more similar to owners in countries in which tenure length gaps are smaller. These results point to the potential benefits of policies that would increase residential stability, particularly for renters. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=146024925&site=ehost-live | ||
| Safety climate and productivity improvement of construction workplaces through the 6S system: mixed-method analysis of 5S and safety integration. | Soltaninejad, Mostafa; Fardhosseini, Mohammad Sadra; Kim, Yong Woo | International Journal of Occupational Safety & Ergonomics | 2021 | Journal Article | The purpose of this study is to develop a framework for integrating essential safety practices (visualization, job safety analysis and plan-do-check-act) into 5S steps and validate it. First, 18 interviews with a snowball sample of construction workers, safety representatives, supervisors and site and project managers were conducted. A grounded theory method was utilized to code the interview data. The results revealed that the studied construction companies implement a systematic safety-based methodology to minimize construction work injuries. Second, to validate the proposed framework, a pre-test and post-test study was applied. The case and control groups (26 participants) answered a 6S questionnaire before the 6S system and 1 month after implementation. The results revealed that safety climate and productivity significantly increased for the case group but reduced for the control group during time. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=150535606&site=ehost-live | ||
| Selection of wearable sensor measurements for monitoring and managing entry-level construction worker fatigue: a logistic regression approach | Lee, Wonil; Lin, Ken-Yu; Johnson, Peter W.; Seto, Edmund Y. W. | ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION AND ARCHITECTURAL MANAGEMENT | Article; Early Access | Purpose The identification of fatigue status and early intervention to mitigate fatigue can reduce the risk of workplace injuries. Off-the-shelf wearable sensors capable of assessing multiple parameters are available. However, using numerous variables in the fatigue prediction model can elicit data issues. This study aimed at identifying the most relevant variables for measuring occupational fatigue among entry-level construction workers by using common wearable sensor technologies, such as electrocardiogram and actigraphy sensors. Design/methodology/approach Twenty-two individuals were assigned different task workloads in repeated sessions. Stepwise logistic regression was used to identify the most parsimonious fatigue prediction model. Heart rate variability measurements, standard deviation of NN intervals and power in the low-frequency range (LF) were considered for fatigue prediction. Fast Fourier transform and autoregressive (AR) analysis were employed as frequency domain analysis methods. Findings The log-transformed LF obtained using AR analysis is preferred for daily fatigue management, whereas the standard deviation of normal-to-normal NN is useful in weekly fatigue management. Research limitations/implications This study was conducted with entry-level construction workers who are involved in manual material handling activities. The findings of this study are applicable to this group. Originality/value This is the first study to investigate all major measures obtainable through electrocardiogram and actigraphy among current mainstream wearables for monitoring occupational fatigue in the construction industry. It contributes knowledge on the use of wearable technology for managing occupational fatigue among entry-level construction workers engaged in material handling activities. | HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS; SLEEP; HEALTH; WORKFORCE; THERAPY; DEMANDS; SCALES; MODEL | Technology; Management; Construction safety; Information and communication technology (ICT) applications | ||
| Modelling housing market fundamentals and the response to economic and political events: empirical evidence from Kuwait | Alfalah, Abdullah; D'Arcy, Eamonn; Heinig, Steffen; Stevenson, Simon | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HOUSING MARKETS AND ANALYSIS | Article; Early Access | Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the sensitivity of the Kuwait housing market to major local and regional geo-political and economic events. Design/methodology/approach - This paper examines the market dynamics of the housing market in Kuwait. Kuwait provides an interesting market to consider owing to its position as a major oil producer, its sensitivity to geo-political events and its unusual demographic characteristics. Findings - The error-correction model highlights that market is relatively volatile, with evidence of meanreverting behaviour. Only when the data is smoothed are their more consistent findings with respect to underlying fundamentals. This paper also examines the response of the market to seven regional and local events. Of particular interest is that the one event that results in a consistent significant response is domestic legislation directly concerned with housing. This has a far greater impact than local or regional geo-political events. Originality/value - Very few papers have considered how economic and political shocks directly impact housing markets using an event study approach. Given its geographic location and also its economic dependence on oil, Kuwait is an interesting market to consider. | ERROR-CORRECTION MODEL; MONETARY-POLICY; REAL-ESTATE; BUSINESS CYCLES; SUPPLY EVIDENCE; PRICE BUBBLES; INFLATION; BOOM; DETERMINANTS; MONEY | Kuwait; Emerging markets; International housing markets; Housing markets; Housing market analysis; Geo-political risk | ||
| The Economic Effects of Volcanic Alerts-A Case Study of High-Threat US Volcanoes | Peers, Justin B.; Gregg, Christopher E.; Lindell, Michael K.; Pelletier, Denis; Romerio, Franco; Joyner, Andrew T. | Risk Analysis | 2021 | Journal Article | A common concern about volcanic unrest is that the communication of information about increasing volcanic alert levels (VALs) to the public could cause serious social and economic impacts even if an eruption does not occur. To test this statement, this study examined housing prices and business patterns from 1974-2016 in volcanic regions with very-high threat designations from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)-Long Valley Caldera (LVC), CA (caldera); Mount St. Helens (MSH), Washington (stratovolcano); and Kilauea, HawaiModified Letter Turned Commai (shield volcano). To compare economic trends in nonvolcanic regions that are economically dependent on tourism, Steamboat Springs, CO, served as a control as it is a ski-tourism community much like Mammoth Lakes in LVC. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models predicted that housing prices were negatively affected by VALs at LVC from 1982-1983 and 1991-1997. While VALs associated with unrest and eruptions included in this study both had short-term indirect effects on housing prices and business indicators (e.g., number of establishments, employment, and salary), these notifications were not strong predictors of long-term economic trends. Our findings suggest that these indirect effects result from both eruptions with higher level VALs and from unrest involving lower-level VAL notifications that communicate a change in volcanic activity but do not indicate that an eruption is imminent or underway. This provides evidence concerning a systemic issue in disaster resilience. While disaster relief is provided by the U.S. federal government for direct impacts associated with disaster events that result in presidential major disaster declarations, there is limited or no assistance for indirect effects to businesses and homeowners that may follow volcanic unrest with no resulting direct physical losses. The fact that periods of volcanic unrest preceding eruption are often protracted in comparison to precursory periods for other hazardous events (e.g., earthquakes, hurricanes, flooding) makes the issue of indirect effects particularly important in regions susceptible to volcanic activity. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/economic-effects-volcanic-alerts-case-study-high/docview/2606832031/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Spatial spillover effects of crime on private investment at nearby micro-places | Acolin, Arthur; J. Walter, Rebecca; Skubak Tilyer, Marie; Lacoe, Johanna; Bostic, Raphael | URBAN STUDIES | Article; Early Access | Criminal activity may influence the decisions of existing property owners or prospective investors to invest in a property, given the potential elevated expenses and increased uncertainty that often accompany crime. This study investigates the relationship between crime and private investment at nearby micro-places using location-specific crime incident and building permit data from 2008 to 2018 in the cities of Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, Philadelphia, San Antonio and Seattle. Data were aggregated to the blockface-level to examine how changes in investment on a blockface are influenced by changes in crime on that blockface and adjacent blockfaces in the subsequent year. Results indicate that an increase in total crime on a blockface was associated with a significant decrease in building permit activity the following year in all six cities, but the relationship is less strong when aggregating crime from adjacent blockfaces. When looking at spillover effects, higher crime on adjacent blockfaces was significantly associated with lower levels of investment beyond the effect of the crime trend on that blockface in Los Angeles and San Antonio. Though the relationship between adjacent blockface crime and investment was negative across the other four cities, it was not statistically significant. Taken together, these findings suggest that effective targeted crime prevention policies may have the added benefit of spurring local economic investment and that the impact of crime is very localised. | PRICES EVIDENCE; IMPACT; VALUES; FEAR; LAW | building permits; crime; investment; micro-places; spatial spillover | ||
| Site-Specific Transportation Demand Management: Case of Seattle's Transportation Management Program, 1988-2015 | McKnight-Slottee, Mairin; Bae, Chang-Hee Christine; McCormack, Edward | TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD | Article; Early Access | A central theme of U.S. transportation planning policies is to reduce single-occupancy vehicle (SOV) trips and promote transit and non-motorized transportation by coordinating land-use planning and transportation demand management (TDM) programs. Cities often implement TDM programs by intervening with new development during the municipal permit review process. Seattle's Transportation Management Program (TMP) under a joint Director's Rule (DR) requires a commitment from developers to adopt select strategies from six TDM element categories: program management, physical improvements, bicycle/walking programs, employer-based incentives, transit and car/vanpooling, and parking management. TMP targets new developments and requires some TDM elements, recommends others, and leaves the rest to negotiation. The result is an individualized TMP agreement that is site-specific, reflecting both city policy and developer needs. This case study presents a qualitative analysis of the guiding eight DRs and 41 site-specific TMP agreements in Seattle's Downtown and South Lake Union (SLU) area since 1988. Overall, a content analysis of TMP documents reveals that the average number of elements adopted in an agreement falls short of requirements set by DRs (34%-61%). Major findings include developer preference toward non-traditional TDM measures such as physical improvement of frontage and urban design features, as well as parking management. High-occupancy vehicle (HOV) elements showed higher adoption rates (59%-63%) over biking/walking programs (< 1%). It is concluded that future TDM policies could benefit if future research includes examining the effectiveness of the range of management options stemming from the real estate trends toward green buildings, tenants' values in sustainability, and city policy to reduce automobile trips. | TRAVEL | Planning and analysis; Transportation demand management; Transportation planning policy and processes | ||
| How Does Ride-Hailing Influence Individual Mode Choice? An Examination Using Longitudinal Trip Data from the Seattle Region | Wang, Yiyuan; Moudon, Anne Vernez; Shen, Qing | TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD | Article; Early Access | This study investigates the impacts of ride-hailing, which we define as mobility services consisting of both conventional taxis and app-based services offered by transportation network companies, on individual mode choice. We examine whether ride-hailing substitutes for or complements travel by driving, public transit, or walking and biking. The study overcomes some of the limitations of convenience samples or cross-sectional surveys used in past research by employing a longitudinal dataset of individual travel behavior and socio-demographic information. The data include three waves of travel log data collected between 2012 and 2018 in transit-rich areas of the Seattle region. We conducted individual-level panel data modeling, estimating independently pooled models and fixed-effect models of average daily trip count and duration for each mode, while controlling for various factors that affect travel behavior. The results provide evidence of substitution effects of ride-hailing on driving. We found that cross-sectionally, participants who used more ride-hailing tended to drive less, and that longitudinally, an increase in ride-hailing usage was associated with fewer driving trips. No significant associations were found between ride-hailing and public transit usage or walking and biking. Based on detailed travel data of a large population in a major U.S. metropolitan area, the study highlights the value of collecting and analyzing longitudinal data to understand the impacts of new mobility services. | SERVICES; UBER | Shared mobility; ride-hailing; longitudinal data; substitution between travel modes; complementarity between travel modes | ||
| The Role of Smart Growth in Residential Location Choice: Heterogeneity of Location Preferences in the Chicago Region | Wang, Yiyuan; Lee, Bumsoo; Greenlee, Andrew | JOURNAL OF PLANNING EDUCATION AND RESEARCH | Article; Early Access | We investigate the role of smart growth in household location choice in the Chicago region, using a discrete choice analysis. In the midst of continued region-wide suburbanization, households tend to move to neighborhoods with rich consumption amenities and high transit access. However, this study does not find evidence that the neighborhood's physical compactness is a significant location factor. Location preference for compact, mixed-use, and transit-oriented neighborhoods is significantly affected by the life cycle stage and income level, but less influenced by generation and age. Millennial households show strong preference for amenities and transit access only before they marry and have children. | LAND-USE; HOUSEHOLD LOCATION; YOUNG-ADULTS; METROPOLITAN; ACCESSIBILITY; MOBILITY; MODEL; URBANISM; MARKET; US | location choice; consumption amenities; millennials; smart growth; urban form | ||
| Algorithmic justice and groundtruthing the remote mapping of informal settlements: The example of Ho Chi Minh City's periphery | Acolin, Arthur; Kim, Annette M. | ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING B-URBAN ANALYTICS AND CITY SCIENCE | Article; Early Access | The significant advances made in interpreting satellite imagery to monitor urban expansion and informal settlements has made important contributions to urban studies and planning. This paper focuses on the under-examined dimensions of how improvements to classifications of urban areas are not only a technical challenge but lie at the society/technology nexus. We examine why three different research groups produced different urban land use classifications of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam from remote sensing images. We trace how a confluence of factors including how the technology intersects with field conditions, researcher assumptions and discretionary choices, and institutional norms and agendas shaped the differences in their results. The different spatial facts they produced raises the issue of adapting algorithms for not only technical accuracy but appropriate social use. In the case of detecting informal settlements, our study finds that groundtruthing through fieldwork or collaborative partnerships is needed to not systematically overlook vulnerable populations and misinform urban planning decisions. | Urban expansion; informal settlements; inclusion; remote sensing imagery; Vietnam; Asia | |||
| Pretest-posttest strategy for researching neighborhood-scale urban form and travel behavior | Krizek, KJ | TRANSPORTATION LAND USE AND SMART GROWTH: PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATION | 2000 | Article; Proceedings Paper | Communities are increasingly looking to land use planning strategies based on a less auto-dependent urban form to reduce the need for travel, especially drive-alone travel. In recent years, several studies have attempted to test the impact urban form has on travel behavior to determine if such designs are warranted. The results of these studies are mixed because of several shortcomings. Some shortcomings can be attributed to data availability; others are a product of the techniques used to characterize urban form or travel. Still other shortcomings are embedded in the strategies employed, using cross-sectional travel data and correlating travel outcomes with urban form. The line of research is being extended, aimed at isolating the influence of urban form on travel behavior; a new research strategy is presented using longitudinal travel data in concert with detailed measures of travel behavior and urban form. Data sources from the Puget Sound are described and a research strategy is presented that permits a pretest-posttest analysis of households' travel behavior before and after they changed residential location. Early results show few changes in household travel behavior after a move, suggesting that attitudes toward travel are firmly entrenched and postmove travel provides little insight into how changes in urban form affect travel. Although a pretest-posttest makes valiant strides in shedding new light on the matter, the complex phenomenon being addressed requires myriad approaches. More comprehensive research techniques and even research approaches based on different different traditions are much needed to better understand how urban form and travel interact. | LAND-USE; LINK | ||
| Measuring land use patterns for transportation research | Hess, PM; Moudon, AV; Logsdon, MG | LAND DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT IN TRANSPORTATION: PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATION | 2001 | Article; Proceedings Paper | Density and land use mix are focused on as the two primary variables for characterization of land use in transportation research. As commonly constructed, these variables do not capture well actual development patterns on the ground, thus obscuring a potentially strong relationship between land use and transportation behavior. To overcome these limitations, parcel-level data and geographic information system software were used to identify and measure attributes of land use. These data are at a level of resolution that closely corresponds to the spatial distribution of development patterns. A method for location of concentrations of medium- to high-density housing and commercial development in suburban areas identified in previous research is described. The method includes the use of metrics derived from landscape ecology to model these development patterns and, specifically, their shapes and their functional and spatial mixes. | |||
| Pedestrian location identification tools - Identifying suburban areas with potentially high latent demand for pedestrian travel | Moudon, AV; Hess, PM; Matlick, JM; Pergakes, N | HIGHWAY SAFETY: WORK ZONES, LAW ENFORCEMENT, MOTORCYCLES, TRUCKS, OLDER DRIVERS, AND PEDESTRIANS: SAFETY AND HUMAN PERFORMANCE | 2002 | Article; Proceedings Paper | Planning tools were developed for local and state agencies to identify locations with latent demand for pedestrian travel that are currently underserved with pedestrian infrastructure. Prior research in the Puget Sound showed that approximately 20% of the suburban population lives in dense, compact areas with latent demand for pedestrian travel. The tools are designed to enable agencies,to target capital investments in nonmotorized infrastructure to areas with the highest potential for pedestrian trips. They are a first step toward delineating suburban pedestrian zones. After a review of existing methodologies to identify areas with pedestrian travel demand, two tools were developed that use geographic information system software. One tool benefits from high-resolution parcel-level data with specified land use attributes. The other tool, however, relies on commonly available census block data and aerial photography. It is more labor intensive than the first tool and requires familiarity with reading urban form and development patterns. The tools identify locations with potential for pedestrian travel based on two attributes. First, the locations contain land uses that are functionally complementary, that is, commonly linked by travel. The land uses are dense residential development (travel generators) and retail areas and schools (travel attractors). Second, these land uses are also spatially complementary, that is, sufficiently close to each other to be linked by walking. | |||
| A transportation-efficient land use mapping index | Moudon, AV; Kavage, SE; Mabry, JE; Sohn, DW | TRANSPORTATION AND LAND DEVELOPMENT 2005 | 2005 | Article; Proceedings Paper | Land use and transportation are linked by complex, yet identifiable, relationships. Tools are needed to formalize this relationship and to take it into account when decisions are made about urban and suburban transportation systems. This paper reviews foundational concepts of performance measures of metropolitan transportation systems. It offers a rationale for the types of tools needed to measure and assess land use and transportation system efficiency. One tool being developed by the Washington State Department of Transportation-the Transportation-Efficient Land Use Mapping Index (TELUMI)-illustrates how research findings can be applied in metropolitan transportation planning. TELUMI uses cartographic modeling (CM) techniques and parcel-level geographic information system data. The fine resolution of the data measures microscaled land use conditions associated with travel patterns in built-up areas. CM generates maps of zones in a region that match land use conditions with travel behaviors. Zones are defined by land use variables, such as density of activities, presence and agglomeration of destinations, block size, and transportation infrastructure attributes. CM also performs advanced quantitative analyses of map attributes, and it is effective with lay and professional audiences. TELUMI's use of individual land use variables makes it possible to target intervention strategies, such as augmenting density or building sidewalks, and to evaluate their effectiveness in improving transportation efficiency. TELUMI assists transportation and local planning authorities in allocating transportation investments appropriate to multimodal travel. | THRESHOLD MODELS | ||
| Transportation-efficient land use regulations and their application in the Puget Sound region, Washington | Kavage, SE; Moudon, AV; Mabry, JE; Pergakes, N | TRANSPORTATION AND LAND DEVELOPMENT 2005 | 2005 | Article; Proceedings Paper | This work evaluates how local land use regulations and development patterns support transportation efficiency in urban and suburban areas. An efficient transportation system includes multiple transportation modes and reduces the need to drive alone. The research sheds light on how long-term efforts to devise transportation-efficient land development regulations have shaped new development. Data include surveys of zoning and development regulations in 19 study areas of Puget Sound, Washington, and reviews of 163 projects with a building permit. Analyses focus on the frequency of use of transportation-efficient elements in land use regulations, the frequency of adherence to these elements in projects, and the connections between area regulations and development. Fifty elements classified into six categories of transportation-efficient land use serve to evaluate the characteristics of regulations and permitted projects in each study area. The research shows that local jurisdictions have adopted many transportation-efficient regulations, and many of the projects reviewed follow these regulations. Compact development stands out as a major strategy used successfully in area regulations and permitted projects. Pedestrian-oriented environment and street-sidewalk connectivity are used at the project level but less so in regulations. Parking elements are weakest at the regulatory and project levels. Washington State growth management approaches to land use appear to become integrated into local regulatory frameworks and to be followed through in the implementation and development process. Work is needed regionally to increase the use of transportation-efficient land use strategies, with particular attention to parking regulations. | |||
| Tijuana-San Diego: Globalization and the transborder metropolis | Bae, CHC | ANNALS OF REGIONAL SCIENCE | 2003 | Article; Proceedings Paper | This paper explores the degree to which the Tijuana-San Diego metropolitan region functions as a transborder metropolis. It is shown that the border is quite porous, especially for work and shopping. In addition, the two metropolitan economies are much more complementary than competitive, with San Diego specializing in high-order services and the new economy while Tijuana primarily functions as a manufacturing center, based on maquiladora. However, much more cooperation and collaboration are needed in several areas: improving trade infrastructure; addressing the deficits in social infrastructure (especially in Tijuana); making the border crossings more user-friendly; expanding educational opportunities for Latinos in both areas; more priority to environmental problems, especially air quality and sewerage; attempting to reduce the public sector fiscal differentials between the two areas; and more attention to income distribution issues. | |||
| There's nothing inherent about scale: political ecology, the local trap, and the politics of development in the Brazilian Amazon | Brown, JC; Purcell, M | GEOFORUM | 2005 | Article; Proceedings Paper | This paper argues that research in political ecology would benefit from more explicit and careful attention to the question of scale and scalar politics. Although political ecologists have extensively considered scale as a methodological question, they have yet to develop an explicit theoretical approach to scale as an object of inquiry. We highlight one principal drawback to this underdeveloped approach to scale: what we call the local trap in which political ecologists assume that organization, policies, and action at the local scale are inherently more likely to have desired social and ecological effects than activities organized at other scales. Over the past 10 years or so, an increasingly sophisticated literature on scale has been developinvvvg among scholars in geography working in the political economy tradition. This literature has argued that scale is socially produced rather than ontologically given. Therefore, there is nothing inherent about any scale, and so the local scale cannot be intrinsically more desirable than other scales. We suggest that a greater engagement with this scale literature offers political ecology a theoretical way out of the local trap. As a first approximation of the kind of scalar analysis we advocate, we present a case study that examines the scalar politics that have shaped environmental change in the Brazilian Amazon. (c) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. | RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; LAND-USE; PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT; NATIONAL-PARK; STATE; GLOBALIZATION; CONSERVATION; COMMUNITY; FOREST; URBAN | scale; political ecology; political economy; Brazil | |
| Information and communication technology in the real estate industry: productivity, industry structure and market efficiency | Kummerow, M; Lun, JC | TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY | 2005 | Article; Proceedings Paper | This survey of changes in the real estate industry due to information and communication technology (ICT) covers three areas: (a) A brief survey of ICT applications in the property industry, (b) speculation about implications for market structure and productivity within the real estate industry, and (c) comments on the wider macroeconomic implications of these changes. Improvements in information and productivity may lead to important long-run changes in business processes and industry structure tending to favour larger firms and promoting specialization of functions. Changing the information structure of real estate decision systems could change system dynamics and improve allocative efficiency. On the other hand, under different institutional arrangements, better information could increase the amplitude of real estate cycles and destabilize economies. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | ICT; real estate; e-commerce; real-estate; market efficiency; productivity | ||
| Preserving microstructure of concrete under load using the Wood's metal technique | Nemati, KM | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES | 2000 | Article; Proceedings Paper | A special experimental technique was developed which made possible the preservation of microstructure and the compressive stress-induced microcracks in concrete as they exist under applied loads. Cylindrical specimens of concrete were tested under uniaxial and triaxial compression. The resulting induced cracks were impregnated with a metal alloy, Wood's metal, that liquefies at higher temperatures (70-85 degrees C), but is solid at normal temperatures. At the stress of interest, this alloy was solidified to preserve the stress-induced microcracks as they exist under load. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was employed to capture images from the cross sections of the concrete specimens. Stereology presents the geometrical statistical background for relating three-dimensional structures to their two-dimensional sections. Stereological estimates were obtained for total crack extension pet unit of volume. Further, two-dimensional features of the cracks were analyzed in the section plane, such as orientation distribution, and length. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. | FRACTURE NETWORKS | ||
| Exploring the effectiveness of chinese-to-english machine translation for CLIR applications in earthquake engineering | Lin, K. Y.; Chou, K. W.; Lin, H. T.; Hsieh, S. H.; Tserng, H. P. | Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering | 2009 | Journal Article | Machine translation is able to support cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) applications given the availability of high-quality translation resources. This study explores the effectiveness of machine translation for the domain of earthquake engineering within the bounds of Chinese-to-English CLIR applications. The writers first defined and then applied a set of procedures to generate Chinese-to-English translation resources for the selected domain. The generated resources are unique and different from general dictionaries or corpora because they address the Chinese segmentation process and are especially oriented for information retrieval (IR) applications. To test the quality of the resources, the writers converted a test collection of documents from Chinese into English through machine translation and conducted trial retrieval runs on the translated documents using different retrieval models. For comparison purposes, the same retrieval runs were also tested on the expert-written English translations. The results suggest that IR-based machine translation was able to yield results comparable to that of human translation and the generated resources had the potential to enable greater sharing of earthquake engineering information across languages while reducing manual translation efforts. | |||
| A locational analysis of growth and change in American metropolitan areas | Carruthers, John I.; Mulligan, Gordon F. | PAPERS IN REGIONAL SCIENCE | 2008 | Article; Proceedings Paper | This article examines the process of growth and change within the American constellation of metropolitan areas. It begins with the premise that regional development happens in two interconnected ways: via demand-induced growth, which is driven by economic opportunity, and supply-induced growth, which is driven by personal preference. The nature and spatial outcome of these mechanisms are investigated by estimating a series of three-equation regional adjustment models wherein changes in population density, employment density, and the average annual wage are endogenously determined. In order to account for spatial dependence in the development process, each model is specified with spatial lags of its three dependent variables and is estimated using a spatial two-stage least squares technique. The results of the analysis illustrate the evolving nature of metropolitan growth and yield insight into the land use patterns that it produces. | SIMULTANEOUS SYSTEMS; MODEL; POPULATION; EMPLOYMENT; PROJECTIONS; AMENITIES; MIGRATION; QUALITY; SPRAWL; URBAN | metropolitan growth; regional development; quality of life; human capital; land use | |
| Protective Association Between Neighborhood Walkability and Depression in Older Men. | Berke, Ethan M.; Gottlieb, Laura M.; Moudon, Anne Vernez; Larson, Eric B. | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2007 | Journal Article | OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between neighborhood walkability and depression in older adults. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis using data from Adult Changes in Thought (ACT), a prospective, longitudinal cohort study. SETTING: King County, Washington. PARTICIPANTS: Seven hundred forty randomly selected men and women aged 65 and older, cognitively intact, living in the same home for at least 2 years. MEASUREMENTS: Depressive symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. The Walkable and Bikable Communities Project provided objective data predicting the probability of walking at least 150 minutes per week in a particular neighborhood. ACT data were linked at the individual level via a geographic information system to this walkability score using buffer radii of 100, 500, and 1,000 meters around the subject's home. Multiple regression analysis tests were conducted for associations between the buffer-specific neighborhood walkability score and depressive symptoms. RESULTS: There was a significant association between neighborhood walkability and depressive symptoms in men when adjusted for individual-level factors of income, physical activity, education, smoking status, living alone, age, ethnicity, and chronic disease. The odds ratio for the interquartile range (25th to 75th percentile) of walkability score was 0.31 to 0.33 for the buffer radii (P = .02), indicating a protective association with neighborhood walkability. This association was not significant in women. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates a significant association between neighborhood walkability and depressive symptoms in older men. Further research on the effects of neighborhood walkability may inform community-level mental health treatment and focus depression screening in less-walkable areas. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=24500965&site=ehost-live | ||
| Analysis of lifestyle choices - Neighborhood type, travel patterns, and activity participation | Krizek, KJ; Waddell, P | TRAVELER BEHAVIOR AND VALUES 2002: PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATION | 2002 | Article; Proceedings Paper | Activity-based travel modeling has begun to make significant progress toward a more behavioral framework for simulating household travel behavior. A significant challenge remains in the need to address the interaction of daily activity and travel patterns with longer-term household choices of vehicle ownership, residential location, and employment location. The choices often depend on one another and jointly define the lifestyle of the household. These choices are likely to evolve over the course of the life cycle as households are formed; as children are born, raised, and ultimately depart to form their own households; and as retirement and old age change patterns of residence, work, and travel. A framework is developed for analyzing household choices relating to three dimensions of lifestyle: travel patterns (including vehicle ownership), activity participation, and residential location (neighborhood type). With cluster analysis on data from the Puget Sound Transportation Panel, nine classifications of lifestyle are uncovered. These clusters demonstrate empirically how decisions of residential location reinforce and affect daily decisions related to travel patterns and activity participation. The applicability of these lifestyle clusters for land use transportation planning is discussed. | LAND-USE; RESIDENTIAL LOCATION; NONWORK TRAVEL; BEHAVIOR; DEMAND; DESIGN | ||
| Analysis of elderly mobility by structural equation modeling | Kim, S | TRAVELER BEHAVIOR AND VALUES 2003: PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATION | 2003 | Article; Proceedings Paper | Mobility is a critical element of quality of life. This is as true for the elderly population as for the larger population. The elderly often have limited physical abilities and financial constraints that might reduce their mobility. Helping the growing elderly population to maintain decent mobility is a critical challenge for transportation planning and policy. For this, the factors that influence the mobility of the elderly population (elderly mobility) must be understood. Only a few systematic studies, however, have been published. Descriptive statistics of the potentially influential factors make it difficult to assess their effects on elderly mobility. The transportation mobility of retired people age 65 years or older in the Puget Sound region of Washington State was analyzed by using a structural equation model. The statistical significance and relative effects of various personal and household characteristics and urban form on elderly mobility were tested. The structural equation model finds statistically significant relationships between age, gender, transportation disability, possession of a driver's license, and education level and elderly mobility. Among these variables, age and education level show the strongest effects. Urban form, however, seems to be insignificant. | ACTIVITY PARTICIPATION; TRAVEL BEHAVIOR | ||
| THE VISUAL AND SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF LANDSCAPES - HIGUCHI,T | THIEL, P | JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION | 1983 | Book Review | ||||
| THE URBAN DESIGN PROCESS - SHIRVANI,H | RYAN, DM | JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION | 1987 | Book Review | ||||
| NATURAL LANDSCAPE AMENITIES AND SUBURBAN GROWTH - METROPOLITAN CHICAGO, 1970-1980 - MUELLERWILLE,C | PIVO, G | JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE | 1991 | Book Review | ||||
| THE MORAL ORDER OF A SUBURB - BAUMGARTNER,MP | KIM, KJ | JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION | 1992 | Book Review | ||||
| READING KING,RODNEY READING URBAN UPRISING - GOODINGWILLIAMS,R | DUBROW, GL | JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION | 1994 | Book Review | ||||
| Frontiers - Armitage,S | Dubrow, GL | JOURNAL OF PLANNING EDUCATION AND RESEARCH | 1997 | Book Review | ||||
| Gender, place and culture - Bondi,L | Dubrow, GL | JOURNAL OF PLANNING EDUCATION AND RESEARCH | 1997 | Book Review | ||||
| Signs - Allen,C, Howard,JA | Dubrow, GL | JOURNAL OF PLANNING EDUCATION AND RESEARCH | 1997 | Book Review | ||||
| Women & environments (WE) | Dubrow, GL | JOURNAL OF PLANNING EDUCATION AND RESEARCH | 1997 | Book Review | ||||
| Office location in a post-industrial urban environment | Pivo, G | URBAN STUDIES | 1998 | Book Review | SUBURBAN | |||
| Roof gardens: History, design, and construction | Steadman, TA | LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE | 1999 | Book Review | ||||
| The California landscape garden: Ecology, culture, and design | Steadman, TA | LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE | 1999 | Book Review | ||||
| Designs and their consequence | Anderson, A | JOURNAL OF AESTHETICS AND ART CRITICISM | 2001 | Book Review | ||||
| The anaesthetics of architecture | Anderson, AT | JOURNAL OF AESTHETICS AND ART CRITICISM | 2001 | Book Review | ||||
| Architectural composition and building typology: Interpreting basic building | Hess, PM | URBAN MORPHOLOGY | 2002 | Book Review | ||||
| The right to the city: Social justice and the fight for public space. | Purcell, M | ANTIPODE | 2005 | Book Review | ||||
| Planning the new suburbia - Flexibility by design | Hou, Jeffrey | JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING RESEARCH | 2006 | Book Review | ||||
| Space, knowledge and power: Foucault and geography | Purcell, Mark | SOCIAL & CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY | 2008 | Book Review | ||||
| Women and change at the US-Mexico border: Mobility, labor, and activism | Bae, Chang-Hee Christine | JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE | 2008 | Book Review | ||||
| Building the Golden Gate Bridge: A Workers' Oral History | Sprague, Tyler S. | JOURNAL OF PLANNING HISTORY | 2019 | Book Review | ||||
| Mapping society: the spatial dimensions of social cartography | Moudon, Anne Vernez | URBAN MORPHOLOGY | 2019 | Book Review | ||||
| Too High and Too Steep: Reshaping Seattle's Topography | Sprague, Tyler S. | JOURNAL OF PLANNING HISTORY | 2019 | Book Review | ||||
| Infrastructure, Two Ways | Sprague, Tyler S | Journal of Planning History | 2019 | Book Review | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/infrastructure-two-ways/docview/2207897713/se-2?accountid=14784 | Planning , Infrastructure | ||
| Deleuze and Research Methodologies | Harris, Keith | EMOTION SPACE AND SOCIETY | 2014 | Book Review | ||||
| The Power at the End of the Economy | Gilge, Cheryl | EMOTION SPACE AND SOCIETY | 2016 | Book Review | ||||
| America's new downtowns: Revitalization or reinvention? | Hou, J | LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING | 2005 | Book Review | ||||
| For a more radically open discipline. | Purcell, Mark | Environment & Planning A | 2005 | Book Review | Reviews the book "For a More Radically Open Discipline," by Mark Purcell. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=16199287&site=ehost-live | URBAN planning; NONFICTION; PURCELL, Mark; FOR a More Radically Open Discipline (Book) | |
| A Review of 'Seeking Spatial Justice'. | Purcell, Mark | Annals of the Association of American Geographers | 2011 | Book Review | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=60294413&site=ehost-live | |||
| Book reviews. | Shaw, Stephen J.; Kolbe, Laura; Pavezr, María Isabel; Hancock, John L.; Lafrenz, Jürgen | Planning Perspectives | 2004 | Book Review | Reviews several books on urban planning. "Transport Planning," 2nd ed., by David Banister; "Helsinki: The Innovative City, Historical Perspectives," by Marjatta Bell and Marjatta Hietala; "The Birth of City Planning in the United States, 1840-1917," by Jon A. Peterson; Others. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=15243199&site=ehost-live | URBAN planning; NONFICTION; BANISTER, David; BELL, Marjatta; HIETALA, Marjatta; PETERSON, Jon A.; TRANSPORT Planning (Book); HELSINKI: The Innovative City, Historical Perspectives (Book); BIRTH of City Planning in the United States 1840-1917, The (Book) | |
| Urban revolution now: Henri Lefebvre in social research and architecture | Thompson, James | URBAN GEOGRAPHY | 2016 | Book Review | ||||
| State, Space, World: Selected Essays | Purcell, Mark | SOCIAL & CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY | 2012 | Book Review | ||||
| Pride in Modesty: Modernist Architecture and the Vernacular Tradition in Italy | McLaren, Brian L. | JOURNAL OF DESIGN HISTORY | 2011 | Book Review | ||||
| Advancing Sustainability at the Sub-National Level: The Potential and Limitations of Planning. | Bae, C | Papers in Regional Science | 2005 | Book Review | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=19203681&site=ehost-live | |||
| Green Cities: Urban Growth and the Environment, by Matthew E. Kahn. | Carruthers, John I. | Journal of Regional Science | 2007 | Book Review | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=26261019&site=ehost-live | |||
| The Culture of Speed: The Coming of Immediacy by John Tomlinson. | Born, Branden | Journal of Regional Science | 2010 | Book Review | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=50246189&site=ehost-live | |||
| Two squares': Martyrs square, Beirut and Sirkeci square, Istanbul | McLaren, Brian L. | JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION | 2008 | Book Review | ||||
| Housing Markets and the Global Financial Crisis: The Uneven Impact on Households. | Krause, Andy | Journal of Regional Science | 2013 | Book Review | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=89994162&site=ehost-live | |||
| ON DANGEROUS GROUND: FREUD'S VISUAL CULTURES OF THE UNCONSCIOUS. | Ochsner, Jeffrey Karl | JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOANALYTIC ASSOCIATION | 2020 | Book Review | ||||
| The Informal American City: Beyond Taco Trucks and Day Labor. | Chalana, Manish | Journal of Planning Literature | 2016 | Book Review | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=118699083&site=ehost-live | |||
| The Ethnopoetics of Space and Transformation: Young People's Engagement, Activism and Aesthetics | Born, Branden | PLANNING THEORY | 2017 | Book Review | ||||
| Book Review: Nature and the City. | Way, Thaisa | Journal of Planning History | 2011 | Book Review | The article reviews several books, including "Growing Greener Cities: Urban Sustainability in the 21st Century," by Eugenie L. Birch and Susan M. Wachter, "Concrete and Clay: Reworking Nature in New York City," by Matthew Gandy and "Emerald City: An Environmental History of Seattle," The Lamar Series in Western History, by Matthew W. Klingle. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=69704275&site=ehost-live | NONFICTION; BIRCH, Eugenie L.; WACHTER, Susan M.; GANDY, Matthew; KLINGLE, Matthew W.; GROWING Greener Cities: Urban Sustainability in the 21st Century (Book); CONCRETE & Clay: Reworking Nature in New York City (Book); EMERALD City: An Environmental History of Seattle (Book) | |
| Infrastructure, Two Ways. | Sprague, Tyler S. | Journal of Planning History | 2019 | Book Review | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=135864164&site=ehost-live | INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics); SCHWARTZ, Harvey; WILLIAMS, David; BUILDING the Golden Gate Bridge: A Workers' Oral History (Book); TOO High & Too Steep: Reshaping Seattle's Topography (Book) | ||
| A Genealogy of Tropical Architecture: Colonial Networks, Nature and Technoscience. | McLaren, Brian L. | TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE | 2017 | Book Review | ||||
| When America became suburban | Purcell, Mark | URBAN GEOGRAPHY | 2007 | Book Review | ||||
| Principles of Ecological Landscape Design. | Yocom, Ken | Ecological Restoration | 2014 | Book Review | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=96149432&site=ehost-live | LANDSCAPE design; NONFICTION; BECK, Travis; PRINCIPLES of Ecological Landscape Design (Book) | ||
| Drewnowski et al. respond. | Drewnowski, Adam; Aggarwal, Anju; Cook, Andrea; Stewart, Orion; Moudon, Anne Vernez | Preventive Medicine | 2016 | commentary | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=113868363&site=ehost-live | |||
| Exploring mental models of construction managers | Mukherjee, Amlan(1); Rojas, Eddy M.(2); Winn, William D.(3) | Construction Research Congress 2005: Broadening Perspectives - Proceedings of the Congress | 2005 | Conference article (CA) | Experience is a critical component of expertise for construction managers. Time allows them to inductively construct and organize knowledge about the construction management domain that often cannot be easily formalized. The goal of this study was to investigate the nature of expertise in construction managers. Both experts and novices represent and organize experientially gained knowledge as abstractions that we refer to as "mental models". We investigated expertise by exploring mental models of construction managers. In this study we explored experimentally the existence of a difference in the mental models among construction managers. A group of construction managers with varying levels of experience were asked to respond to a construction management crisis scenario. Using the ConProFac software to calculate an index i indicative of the structuredness of the responses we found a significant correlation between i and the number of years of experience of the respondent. A better understanding of the mental models of experienced construction managers will help in developing a better theoretical understanding of the CM domain, while also enriching the construction management educational experience. | Computer software - Education - Industrial management - Managers - Mathematical models - Parallel processing systems | Construction manager cognition - Construction managers - Mental models - Parallel distributed processing | |
| Situational simulations in construction management | Mukherjee, Amlan(1); Rojas, Eddy M.(2) | Proceedings of the 2005 ASCE International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering | 2005 | Conference article (CA) | This paper first investigates the motivations for developing situational simulations for the construction management domain. It then summarizes the efforts by the authors involving the design and implementation of situational simulation environments. Finally, the third section of the paper discusses possible directions in which construction management research can be extended in this area. | Computer simulation - Structural design | Construction management domain - Construction management research | |
| Understanding cognitive and meta-cognitive processes in construction management: The system dynamics perspective | Mukherjee, Amlan(1); Rojas, Eddy M.(2); Winn, William D.(3) | Construction Research Congress 2005: Broadening Perspectives - Proceedings of the Congress | 2005 | Conference article (CA) | The fragmented and de-contextualized nature of the construction management (CM) curriculum does not adequately prepare students for the industry. In order to create a more appropriate CM curriculum, we feel it is imperative to examine the nature of learning in the CM domain. How do novice construction managers learn? How do they build expertise through experience? Most importantly, what tools do we have that will allow us to educate novice construction managers and provide instructors with guidance in answering these questions? We have argued that the CM domain can be modeled using system dynamics. Based on our observation of the students interacting with the Virtual Coach, a situational simulation environment, we have concluded that students in CM learn by developing a better understanding of the inter-relationships of the sub-components of the CM system (cost, schedule, and resource availability) and its evolution over time. We also contend that tools like the Virtual Coach can be very useful in helping us better educate construction managers. | Cognitive systems - Computer simulation - Curricula - Industrial management - Process control - Students | Construction management - Situational simulation - System dynamics - Systems thinking | |
| Re-envisioning construction engineering and management education through experiential learning | Rojas, Eddy; Dossick, Carrie | ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings | 2006 | Conference article (CA) | No abstract available | |||
| A survey for the current state of knowledge management within university capital projects offices in the US | Baldwin, Bob(1); Lin, Ken-Yu(2); Migliaccio, Giovanni(2); Xiao, Tan(3) | Proceedings, Annual Conference - Canadian Society for Civil Engineering | 2011 | Conference article (CA) | In the current economy, organizations need to optimize their work processes if they want to successfully fulfill their construction needs. Construction is no longer only about the extensive use of "tools" that are only used to pre-plan tasks and develop detailed schedules; employees need to become knowledge workers. The emergence of this new concept encompasses a paradigm shift with the manipulation and application of knowledge taking primacy over the production components. This paper is concerned with the current state of knowledge management (KM) within capital projects office (CPO) organizations at major universities within the United States. Based on the current state-of-the-art KM researches, an online survey was designed and administered. The survey was intended to address the lack of specific data regarding KM within university CPO organizations, to determine the current KM state in these organizations compared to the greater AEC industry, and to make recommendations on high priority KM agendas. The results indicated that the CPO organizations share many of the same barriers and keys to success as the greater AEC community. However, the opportunity for sharing knowledge within a university CPO organization is even greater due to the knowledge rich learning environment that they operate within. CPO organizations also do not compete with each other and could really learn from peer universities. | Computer aided instruction - Surveys | Capital projects - Knowledge workers - Learning environments - Online surveys - Paradigm shifts - Production components - Sharing knowledge - State of the art | |
| A survey on tools for measuring contractors performance by state DOTs | Abdel Aziz, A.M.(1) | Proceedings, Annual Conference - Canadian Society for Civil Engineering | 2011 | Conference article (CA) | A number of tools can be used to measure and evaluate the progress of construction work and the performance of contractors. These tools include variables related to project time, quantities of work, project cost, and/or project cash flow. Construction progress charts are one of these tools. Although these tools have been in existence for a long time, the actual practice and use of such tools is not well established. This paper explains the results of a questionnaire that was administered to solicit information about the current practices of state DOTs in measuring and evaluating performance during construction. The questionnaire covered two areas - performance evaluation, and development and use of progress charts. Twenty-four states participated in the survey. The survey showed that a formal progress measurement and performance evaluation process is lacking in many states, and that there is an apparent lack of progress charts for measuring the performance of contractors. For state DOTs to achieve good performance, it is suggested that more attention be given for measuring the project and contractor performance during construction, not just at the end of construction. | Contractors | Cash flow - Construction progress - Construction works - Contractor performance - Current practices - Progress measurement - Project cost | |
| Avatars, text, and miscommunication: The impact of communication richness on global virtual team collaboration | Anderson, Anne(1); Dossick, Carrie Sturts(2); Iorio, Josh(3); Taylor, John E.(3); Neff, Gina(4) | Proceedings, Annual Conference - Canadian Society for Civil Engineering | 2011 | Conference article (CA) | A growing number of engineering firms are outsourcing complex design and construction work to international vendors. Due to the significant geographic distances that can separate project team members in global design networks, much of this work is executed in virtual teams. The challenges of working in geographically distributed networks have prompted the development of alternative, virtual workspaces. Questions remain on how these virtual workspaces support or hinder collaborative work as compared to face to face. People are social beings that rely on body language and other non-verbal cues to communicate. What happens to team formation and collaborative effectiveness when non-verbal cues are mediated through virtual workspace functionalities such as text, voting tools and avatar actions? Are cultural and linguistic differences exacerbated or dampened by virtual workspace environments? In this paper, qualitative ethnographic data is used to examine collaboration effectiveness of global virtual engineering project teams. Based on an examination of the collaborative interactions in a virtual workspace between participants in five global engineering project networks over a two month period, we found that where communication richness increased (e.g. participants had ways of adding non-verbal cues to the conversation) the collaborative effectiveness increased for some but not all of the teams. We discuss a number of factors that contribute to effective collaboration and communication and outline the ramifications this has on the design of and the work in virtual teams. | Engineering - Industrial engineering | Collaborative interaction - Collaborative Work - Distributed networks - Global engineerings - Global virtual teams - Linguistic differences - Virtual engineering - Virtual workspaces | |
| Combined digital & physical modeling with vision-based tangible user interfaces: Opportunities and challenges | Hsiao, Chih-Pin(1); Johnson, Brian(2) | Designing Together: CAADFutures 2011 - Proceedings of the 14th International conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design | 2011 | Conference article (CA) | Designers in architectural studios, both in education and practice, have worked to integrate digital and physical media ever since they began to utilize digital tools in the design process [1]. There are benefits of working in the digital domain as well as benefits of working physically; confronting, or seeming to confront, architects with a difficult choice. Emerging strategies for human-computer interaction such as tangible user interfaces and computer vision techniques present new possibilities for manipulating architectural designs. These technologies can help bridge between the digital and physical worlds. In this paper we discuss some of these technologies, analyze several current design challenges and present a prototype that illustrates ways in which a broader approach to human computer interaction might resolve the problems. The ultimate goal of breaking down the boundary between the digital and physical design platforms is to create a unified domain of "continuous thought" for all design activities. © P. Leclercq, A. Heylighen and G. Martin (eds) | Digital devices - Human computer interaction - User interfaces | Broader Approach - Computer vision techniques - Design activity - Design challenges - Design process - Physical design - Physical model - Tangible user interfaces | |
| Regression-based prediction methods for adjusting construction cost estimates by project location | Migliaccio, Giovanni C.(1); Guindani, Michele(2); Zhang, Su(3); Ghorai, Sudipta(3) | Proceedings, Annual Conference - Canadian Society for Civil Engineering | 2011 | Conference article (CA) | Construction cost estimates are fundamental to the success of a construction project. Several estimates are performed throughout a project lifecycle to make decisions on the project with stakeholders often relying on historical data to estimate costs of future construction activities. Location cost adjustment factors (LCAFs) are commonly used to adjust historically based estimates by project location with the selection of the LCAF being one important step of this process. Various datasets provide LCAF values for sampled locations, but, obviously, not all locations across North America are included. Therefore, spatial interpolation and prediction methods are needed to infer LCAF for un-sampled locations. The current industry practice is to select the value for a location using only one variable, namely the nearest linear-distance between two sites. Arguably, construction costs could be affected by other variables, including socio-economics. This research investigated relationships between a commonly used set of location adjustment factors, the City Cost Indexes (CCI) by RSMeans and other attributes, included in the ESRI Community Sourcebook. Regression-based prediction modeling was investigated to understand if it could be an appropriate way to model CCI as a function of multiple covariates. WEKA and ArcGIS packages were used to develop and test the prediction models. The prediction models did not outperform interpolation methods, as expected. In addition, among the two prediction models, the GIS-based regression (GISBR) model slightly outperformed the WEKA-based regression (WEKABR) model. | Construction industry - Cost estimating - Forecasting - Geographic information systems - Interpolation - Life cycle - Location - Predictive analytics | Adjustment factors - Construction activities - Construction costs - Construction projects - Industry practices - Interpolation method - Prediction methods - Spatial interpolation | |
| Use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in facilities management | Foms-Samso, Francisco(1); Bogus, Susan M.(1); Migliaccio, Giovanni C.(2) | Proceedings, Annual Conference - Canadian Society for Civil Engineering | 2011 | Conference article (CA) | Conventional practices and inefficiencies in accessing relevant operation and maintenance (O&M) information are major issues for facility managers. Access to accurate information is critical for operating and maintaining a facility in a sustainable way. Building Information Modeling (BIM) facilitates the storage, organization and exchange of structured information; however, BIM is not often used for facilities management. While the benefits of BIM have been studied for the design and construction phase of projects, the O&M phase has lacked a similar level of attention. Reluctance to change, lack of knowledge, and lack of documented metrics have prevented facility managers from adopting BIM to support the O&M phase. The purpose of this research was to determine the perceived value by facility managers of using BIM for facilities O&M. An online questionnaire, along with a video simulating the use of BIM as an interface to access relevant O&M information, generated replies from 125 facilities operations personnel. From the replies, we determined their perception on future use, time savings, and benefits of using BIM for facilities O&M. The results of the survey indicated that more than two thirds of the respondents thought they would use BIM frequently to access O&M information. They also estimated that they could reduce the time for processing work orders by twenty five percent. Most respondents perceived improved accessibility to O&M information as the best benefit of using BIM for O&M. | Facilities - Information management - Information theory - Managers - Surveys | Building Information Model - BIM - Design and construction - Facilities management - Facility managers - Online questionnaire - Operation and maintenance - Perceived value - Structured information | |
| Using innovative technologies for studying the relationship between construction worker's physical strain and performance: An exploratory study | Gatti, U.(1); Migliaccio, G.C.(2); Schneider, S.(3) | Proceedings, Annual Conference - Canadian Society for Civil Engineering | 2011 | Conference article (CA) | Despite improvements in equipment and workplace ergonomics, industry data confirm that construction projects are still characterized by physically demanding activities and stressful environments. Anecdotal evidence suggests that physical strain may lead to decreased productivity, inattentiveness, poor quality work, accidents, and injuries. However, inadequate monitoring technologies have limited previous efforts to produce an empirical basis to this claim, thereby limiting the advances in the way human work utilization is optimized and construction projects are managed. The construction industry can be characterized as reluctant in adopting innovative technologies. However, when technologies are used there are usually measurable benefits to the construction industry. Using recently-introduced, non-intrusive Physiological Status Monitors, the authors are studying the effects of construction worker's physical strain on quality of work, productivity, and occurrence of unsafe behavior. The expected outcome of this long-term effort is an improved understanding of how construction work can be performed leading to an improvement of productivity, an enhancement of work quality, assurance of workers' safety, and the promotion of long term occupational health. The goal is to develop a physical strain monitoring system for workers that is able to maximize quality and productivity while preserving the workforce's health and safety. This exploratory study assessed PSMs' viability in the construction industry, comparing the performance of PSMs and standard laboratory instruments during dynamic activities simulating construction workers routine body movements. The selected PSMs are presented along with preliminary results showing that this innovative technology can be effectively implemented to monitor construction workforce's physical strain. | Construction equipment - Construction industry - Ergonomics - Industrial hygiene - Personnel - Productivity | Anecdotal evidences - Construction projects - Construction workers - Construction workforces - Exploratory studies - Innovative technology - Monitoring technologies - Physiological status monitors | |
| A comparative study on environmental life cycle impacts of curtain walls | Azari, R.(1); Yong-Woo Kim(2) | Proceedings of the 2012 Construction Research Congress | 2012 | Conference article (CA) | Design of glass curtain wall (CW) systems has long been under the influence of structural, thermal and daylighting performance requirements as well as cost and aesthetic concerns. However, environmental life-cycle impacts of the systems are usually ignored when selecting the suitable materials for mullions and glazing units. This paper intends to examine the effect of mullion material change on the environmental impacts of a typical CW system over its life-cycle. The mullion materials studied in this paper include extruded aluminum, carbon steel and glulam timber. The environmental impact categories of interest include global warming, acidification, eutrophication and human toxicity. In addition, the paper applies a process-based Attritional Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) technique to achieve its objectives. According to the results of this study, an extruded aluminum CW system contributes most to the environmental impact categories of interest in this research while a glulam timber CW makes the least contribution. Contribution of steel CW systems falls in-between. | buildings (structures) - daylighting - design for environment - environmental management - global warming - steel - structural engineering - walls | environmental life cycle impacts - curtain walls - CW system - structural performance - thermal performance - daylighting performance - aesthetic concerns - glazing units - mullion materials - carbon steel - extruded aluminum - glulam timber - global warming - acidification - eutrophication - human toxicity - process-based attritional life cycle assessment technique - LCA technique | |
| Automatic Identification of Unsafe Bending Behavior of Construction Workers using Real-time Location Sensing and Physiological Status Monitoring | Migliaccio, G.C.(1); Teizer, J.(2); Tao Cheng(2); Gatti, U.C.(3) | Proceedings of the 2012 Construction Research Congress | 2012 | Conference article (CA) | Nowadays, remote sensing technology allows for autonomous and remote data collection of construction resources. Data collected from various sources can be used to infer higher-level information about the entities being observed. This process, called data fusion, has been used in construction for tracking the location of material and equipment with a lack of studies on the use of data fusion for improving knowledge of workforce. This study explored the utilization of a data fusion approach for a continuous remote monitoring of construction workers' location and health. To this end, the authors deployed non-intrusive real-time worker location sensing (RTLS) and physiological status monitoring (PSM) technology, and later, used data fusion to analyze data from these devices. | construction industry - occupational safety - physiological models - sensor fusion | automatic identification - unsafe bending behavior - construction workers - physiological status monitoring - remote sensing technology - remote data collection - construction resources - data fusion - data fusion approach - continuous remote monitoring - real-time worker location sensing - construction industry | |
| Exploratory Study of Sustainability Knowledge Management in Capital Project Offices | Xiao Tan(1); Ken-Yu Lin(2); Anumba, C.J.(3); Hai-Chen Tan(4); Hui-Min Li(1) | Proceedings of the 2012 Construction Research Congress | 2012 | Conference article (CA) | Typical higher educational organizations like universities and colleges are long-lived institutions with large campuses. These organizations inevitably have significant impacts upon the environment and ought to take more responsibilities on sustainability for their communities and regions. This paper explores the means and methods to apply knowledge management (KM) to support Capital Project Offices (CPO) at higher education institutions in the course of sustainable construction. While knowledge is generally regarded as a necessary foundation for sustainability innovation, its capturing and reuses has not been fully materialized in CPO organizations. One of the challenges is to understand and describe the types of sustainability knowledge of importance to CPO organizations. To this end, the authors conducted an in-depth case study at the University of Washington to explore its CPO personnel's perceptions on KM as it relates to sustainable construction. Survey questionnaire and interview were administered to collect data for the case study. In particular, a web-based KM system was used to help situate research participants in a pseudo knowledge capturing and sharing scenario to facilitate data collection. Research findings depict the status quo of KM in the case study CPO, point out barriers of the current practices, and based on the findings, a classification system tailored for CPO organizations to describe their sustainability knowledge is proposed. | construction industry - educational institutions - Internet - knowledge management - sustainable development | sustainability knowledge management - Capital Project Offices - higher educational organization - sustainable construction - Web-based KM system - classification system | |
| Integrated design to achieve zero net energy in an urban office building | Azari-N., Rahman(1); Peha, Robert B.(1) | World Renewable Energy Forum, WREF 2012, Including World Renewable Energy Congress XII and Colorado Renewable Energy Society (CRES) Annual Conferen | 2012 | Conference article (CA) | This paper reports on developments of what is likely to be the greenest urban office buildings in the world. Seattle's Bullitt Center. Currently under construction, it is designed to operate 011 just the sunlight and rainwater landing on it each year along with the heat source and sink of the ground beneath it. contain 110 materials harmful to people or the environment, provide its users a healthy and delightful place to work, and be built to last 250 years. It will set a new standard for performance-based design and increase awareness of integrated approaches to energy efficient design and construction. This report focuses on the role of integrated design (ID) in achieving the performance goals for this building. Pait one is an assessment of how effectively integrated design informed the design process of the Bullitt Center. Interviews with project team members were used to identify the ID principles and implementation tools employed during the design and construction process, along with their predicted outcomes for the building's performance and realized outcomes in the design and construction process. Part two identifies the integrated design strategies aimed at energy efficiency and the energy savings achieved by each inter-connected system. Measured in terms of PV panels displaced, this analysis illustrates the imperative to match energy demand with supply. A critical element of this equation is the role of occupant engagement in managing the plug loads, predicted to account for nearly half of the building's energy use. Copyright © (2012) by American Solar Energy Society. | Architectural design - Construction - Energy efficiency - Energy utilization - Office buildings - Photovoltaic cells | Connected systems - Critical elements - Design and construction process - Design process - Energy-efficient design - Integrated approach - Integrated designs - Performance based design | |
| Automating the Task-level Construction Activity Analysis through Fusion of Real Time Location Sensors and Worker's Thoracic Posture Data | Cheng, T.(1); Teizer, J.(1); Migliaccio, G.C.(2); Gatti, U.(1) | Computing in Civil Engineering. 2013 ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering. Proceedings | 2013 | Conference article (CA) | Knowledge of workforce productivity and activity is crucial for determining whether a construction project can be accomplished on time and within budget. As a result, significant work has been done on improving and assessing productivity and activity at task, project, and industry levels. Task level productivity and activity analysis are used extensively within the construction industry for various purposes, including cost estimating, claim evaluation, and day-to-day project management. Nevertheless, assessment of task level productivity and activity analyses are mostly performed through visual observations and after-the-fact even though studies have been performed to automatically translate the construction operations data into productivity information and to provide spatial information of construction resources for specific construction operations. This paper presents an original approach to automatically assess construction labor activity. Using data fusion of spatiotemporal and workers' thoracic posture data, the authors have developed a novel framework for identifying and understanding the worker's activity type over time automatically. This information is used to perform automatic work sampling that is expected to facilitate real-time productivity assessment. | construction industry - labour resources - production engineering computing - productivity - project management - sensor fusion | task level construction activity analysis automation - real time location sensors - worker thoracic posture data - workforce productivity - task level productivity analysis - cost estimation - claim evaluation - day-to-day project management - construction resources spatial information - spatiotemporal data fusion - work sampling - productivity assessment | |
| IPD in practice: innovation in healthcare design and construction | Dossick, C.S.(1); Azari, R.(1); Yong-Woo Kim(1); El-Anwar, O.(1) | AEI 2013. Building Solutions for Architectural Engineering. Proceedings of the 2013 Architectural Engineering National Conference | 2013 | Conference article (CA) | In this paper we present a healthcare case study that leveraged Integrated Project Delivery (IPD), Building Information Modeling (BIM) and lean construction (Lean). With this project, we aim to investigate organizational alignment and focus on how team building facilitated innovation in the design and construction processes and had significant positive impact on the operational efficiencies of the building. Through structured interviews, we found that a unique proposal process, which was focused on “building team chemistry and understanding”, lead to the team's development of a culture of open communication and teamwork that set the ground work for designers and builders to work closely together, blending teams and blurring boundaries throughout the execution of design and construction. In this paper, we explore how "The IPD allowed the overlaps to occur in a productive way”. In doing so, we build on previous finding that the antecedents of effective integration were the development of the team's orientation and culture as well as the processes of working together. The tools, IPD, lean and BIM, supported the integrated teamwork, but did not create the integrated team; however, the contract, lean and BIM tools did reinforce the project team's integration and facilitated better results in terms of design and construction products. In this paper, we focus on how the drive for efficiencies in construction and operations influenced design processes and outcomes, and how team alignment overcame technological and logistical challenges throughout their project process. | building - construction industry - health care - innovation management - logistics - project management - team working | logistical challenges - teamwork - team building facilitated innovation - organizational alignment - lean construction - BIM - building information modeling - integrated project delivery - healthcare design - IPD | |
| Using probabilistic crew production rate to simulate schedule-related risks in construction projects | Orabi, Wallied(1); Sheykhi, Reza(1); El-Anwar, Omar(2) | Proceedings, Annual Conference - Canadian Society for Civil Engineering | 2013 | Conference article (CA) | Risks are inherent in construction and therefore needs to be incorporated in construction project planning. To this end, existing stochastic planning models use historical activity duration data to model time uncertainties and simulate project durations. This approach does not take into consideration the impact of day-to-day changes on time-related risk factors (e.g. weather, labor availability, and trade coordination) and their associated uncertainties. Therefore, simulation of crew production rate can provide a more accurate representation of these time-related uncertainties. This paper therefore presents the development of a new stochastic planning model that uses historical crew production rate data to simulate both activity and project durations. The model uses Monte Carlo simulation with beta distributions to capture day-to-day and shift-to-shift changes in crew production rate. In addition, the model also considers the impact of sharing a limited pool of resources on the construction duration of a portfolio of projects rather than single projects. An application example is analyzed to evaluate the performance of the new model and demonstrate its capabilities. | Monte Carlo methods - Stochastic systems - Technology transfer | Activity duration - Application examples - Beta distributions - Construction duration - Construction projects - Project duration - Stochastic planning - Time uncertainty | |
| Avatar-model interaction in virtual worlds improves distributed team collaboration through issue discovery | Anderson, A.(1); Dossick, C.S.(2) | 2014 International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering. Proceedings | 2014 | Conference article (CA) | In this study, we observed distributed construction engineering management teams as they discovered issues in building models while collaborating in a 3D virtual world. This paper contributes to visualization and building information modeling (BIM) literature by exploring how the affordances of the media-rich 3D environment of a virtual world support mutual discovery of construction coordination issues among team members. In Winter/Spring 2013, graduate and undergraduate students from four globally distributed universities met in three teams once a week for eleven weeks. Numerous communication affordances were available to the teams both within and external to the virtual world, including voice, text chat, screen-sharing, and exploring avatar-scaled models imported into the virtual world. When exploring the imported model, individuals controlled their own viewpoint by “walking” through the building as an avatar using the arrow keys on a keyboard and, as a result, all members of the team were able to view the model, together, regardless of BIM experience. We found the rate of issue discovery to be significantly higher in the avatar-scaled models compared to other methods of viewing the model, such as passively viewing the model on a 2D shared screen, indicating that bringing team members and building models into the same interactional space is more effective for quickly discovering coordination issues. | avatars - buildings (structures) - structural engineering computing - team working | avatar-model interaction - virtual worlds - distributed team collaboration - issue discovery - building information modeling - BIM - avatar-scaled models - 2D shared screen - distributed construction engineering management | |
| Building Information Modeling in Graduate Construction Engineering and Management Education | Dossick, C.S.(1); Namhun Lee(2); Foleyk, S.(3) | 2014 International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering. Proceedings | 2014 | Conference article (CA) | With the growing use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and allied technologies such as energy modeling, laser scanning and surveying, graduates of construction engineering and management (CEM) programs need an increasing number of computer technology concepts and skills. CEM programs across the country are updating their curriculum offerings to include computing generally and Building Information Modeling (BIM) specifically. In this paper, we focus on the question of Building Information Modeling in the context of graduate education and specifically ask in what ways should software generally and BIM specifically be incorporated into CEM graduate education? In this paper we present a review of CEM graduate programs and discuss ways that computer technology generally and BIM specifically can be incorporated into the curriculum. This paper will include the results of a survey of industry professionals to determine if, how and in what ways BIM education is valued by the industry. A majority of BIM managers surveyed thought that graduate education is important for BIM professionals. From this survey, we see a coupled need: technological education in the context of CEM topics. Our review of current graduate coursework in CEM aligns with the survey findings in that BIM courses focus on the CEM uses of technology and some are application specific (e.g., estimating) while others are project focused (e.g. design team coordination). This findings suggests that BIM workflow could be incorporated into many of the CEM topic coursework as BIM become more prevalent in the industry. | buildings (structures) - computer aided instruction - educational courses - engineering education - further education - management education - structural engineering computing | building information modeling - graduate construction engineering and management education - energy modeling - laser scanning - surveying - computer technology concepts - computer technology skills - curriculum update - CEM graduate education - CEM graduate programs - BIM professionals - technological education - graduate coursework - BIM courses - design team coordination - BIM workflow - CEM topic coursework | |
| Comparing Global Versus Domestic Project Network Facilitation in Virtual Workspaces | Comu, S.(1); Taylor, J.E.(2); Dossick, C.S.(3) | Construction in a Global Network. 2014 Construction Research Congress. Proceedings | 2014 | Conference article (CA) | One of the most compelling reasons to examine the globalization of the engineering and construction industry relates to the business opportunities it brings; yet global collaboration also creates distinctive challenges especially in the early stages that firms must overcome. Overcoming these collaboration challenges in a virtual environment may require different approaches for global virtual project networks (GVPNs) as compared to domestic virtual project networks (DVPNs) to achieve performance objectives. In this paper, we examine facilitation, a boundary spanning collaboration technique that may have unique requirements in GVPNs. We observed two DVPNs and two GVPNs working in a virtual workspace called the CyberGRID and studied the interactions between network members to examine whether significant differences exist in the utilization of facilitation in the initial stages of collaboration and we found that facilitators were utilized more frequently in GVPNs. This finding has important implications for the efficient functioning of the increasingly common global project networks in the construction industry that utilize virtual collaboration techniques. | construction industry - grid computing - groupware - project management - structural engineering computing - virtual reality | domestic project network facilitation - global project network facilitation - virtual workspaces - GVPN - DVPN - boundary spanning collaboration technique - CyberGRID - construction industry - virtual collaboration techniques | |
| Development and Validation of a Framework for Evaluation of Integrated Design Teams of Sustainable High-Performance Buildings | Azari, R.(1); Yong-Woo Kim(2) | Construction in a Global Network. 2014 Construction Research Congress. Proceedings | 2014 | Conference article (CA) | Integration of disciplines and project participants is widely prescribed as a major remedy to improve effectiveness and efficiency of construction projects. In the context of Sustainable High-Performance (SHP) projects, Integrated Design (ID) approach encourages implementation of systems-thinking and early intense collaboration of project stakeholders during design phase. The desired outcomes in this context would be buildings which not only are cost-effective but also have superior energy and sustainability performance over their life-cycle. The present manuscript reports on a research project, which attempted to develop and validate a framework for evaluation of the ID teams of SHP projects. The research applied a mixed-method (qualitative-quantitative) research methodology. First, qualitative research (case-study and interview) and literature review were used to create a pool of evaluation factors and items that could be used for evaluation/measurement of the performance of the ID teams. These items were generated and organized based on the Context, Input, Process and Product (CIPP) evaluation model. Then, in quantitative phase of research, the evaluation items were tested for reliability and validity by deploying a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of LEED-rated projects and statistical analysis of the collected responses. The research finally proposed a validated framework for evaluation of the ID teams of SHP projects which consisted of four major elements: a) an evaluation model based on the CIPP model, b) 27 evaluation factors, c) 65 evaluation items, and d) a measurement format. | buildings (structures) - construction industry - design engineering - project management - reliability - statistical analysis | integrated design teams - sustainable high-performance buildings - construction projects - SHP projects - sustainability performance - CIPP evaluation model - reliability - statistical analysis | |
| Exploring BIMs as Avatars: Using 3D Virtual Worlds to Improve Collaboration with Models | Anderson, A.(1); Dossick, C.S.(2); Azari, R.(3); Taylor, J.E.(4); Hartmann, T.(5); Mahalingham, A.(6) | Construction in a Global Network. 2014 Construction Research Congress. Proceedings | 2014 | Conference article (CA) | In the AEC industry, globally distributed teams are becoming more common, BIM adoption is increasing, and effective time management is essential to remain competitive; therefore, understanding how to maximize BIM for construction coordination using collaborative technologies becomes crucial. Observations from a 2012 industry case study with a five-member distributed team led this research team to hypothesize that importing a 3D model into a 3D virtual world would improve team collaboration with models because (a) using cues in the 3D environment, including avatar position, affords more efficient communication and (b) having independent viewpoints allows a greater number of coordination issues to be discovered. This paper reports on a collaborative experiment with four different universities in 2013, in which we observed six geographically distributed nine-member teams as they conducted work using two different communication technologies: 1) A commercial collaboration platform in which team members view models via desktop sharing, and 2) A 3D virtual world in which the students were able to “walk through” the building model. We found that the teams using the 3D software were able to communicate ideas more quickly and had significantly more discoveries. By contrast, the teams using desktop sharing software often required a detailed verbal explanation when communicating specific ideas. | avatars - civil engineering computing - virtual reality | BIMs - 3D virtual worlds - AEC industry - globally distributed teams - time management - construction coordination - collaborative technology - 3D model - avatar position - commercial collaboration platform - building information model - 3D software - desktop sharing software - cues - communication technology | |
| Exploring the Relationship between Chronic Sleep Deprivation and Safety on Construction Sites | Gatti, U.C.(1); Ken-Yu Lin(1); Caldera, C.(1); Chiang, R.(1) | Construction in a Global Network. 2014 Construction Research Congress. Proceedings | 2014 | Conference article (CA) | Evidence suggests that sleep deprivation can negatively affect behavior, wellbeing, and work performance. Although several researchers debated the relationships between sleep deprivation and work performance, research that clearly determines the relationship between construction workers' sleep deprivation and safety performance has yet to be performed. To contribute to the analysis of such relationship, the researchers designed and administered a survey at three construction sites in Seattle (WA). The survey collected information about workers' schedule, and sleeping habits and issues. The study concluded that most of the workers sleep between five to six hours before a working day and, therefore, could become the candidates to experience sleep deprivation related issues. Further, respondents were asked to rank the impact of sleep deprivation on the occurrence of ten types of near misses. Three types of near misses relating to the operation of forklifts, scissor lifts, trucks, or carts; the lack or improper use of personal protective equipment; and, the use of ladders were recognized as most likely to occur because of sleep deprivation. Thus, this study warrants that sleep deprivation might cause safety concerns for particular construction activities and that trade-specific investigation is necessary to clearly understand the relationship between sleep deprivation and safety. | construction industry - occupational health - occupational safety | construction activities - personal protective equipment - carts operation - trucks operation - scissor lifts operation - forklift operation - Seattle - work performance - construction sites - safety performance - chronic sleep deprivation | |
| Knowledge transfer with technology: interdisciplinary team experiences in design and construction education | Monson, C.(1); Dossick, C.S.(2) | 2014 International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering. Proceedings | 2014 | Conference article (CA) | Recognizing the growth of Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) integrated practices and the expanding effect of computational and visualization technologies, this study formulates a relationship between iterative collaboration and the technology mediation that is beginning to typify professional integrated practice. Using the ground of collaborative project-based undergraduate studios between construction management, architecture, engineering, and other allied fields, we argue that transitions in the cycle of the design thinking model are where knowledge transfer is co-located with the affordances provided by technology. These points have historically been part of any learning about ambiguous problem solving; now in integrated studios, students explore joint-problem solving in the context of digital technologies and group collaboration. This context and the integrative skills needed in AEC practice are the issues that must be addressed by contemporary educators. | construction industry - design engineering - engineering education - knowledge management | knowledge transfer - interdisciplinary team experiences - design education - construction education - AEC integrated practices - architecture-engineering-and-construction - computational technology - visualization technology - iterative collaboration - technology mediation | |
| Starting From Scratch: A New Project Delivery Paradigm | Azari, R.(1); Yong-Woo Kim(2); Ballard, G.(3); Seong-Kyun Cho(4) | Construction in a Global Network. 2014 Construction Research Congress. Proceedings | 2014 | Conference article (CA) | Extensive research and published material exists addressing owner, contractor and supplier relationships and contracting methods. Also, there exist a variety of capital project delivery systems in construction industry which all aim at delivering projects to project owners with desired quality and within expected cost and schedule. These project delivery systems are pre-defined systems and processes each defined to address some of the many problems that keep owners of projects from achieving their desired results. Previous literature, however, indicates that the outcomes of applying these delivery processes are still disappointing to owners and not promising to a major part of the construction industry. The major objectives of this Construction Industry Institute (CII)-funded research were to identify an innovative approach to project delivery, to challenge the industry and its customers to create conditions for ideal project delivery paradigm, and to provide suggestions on how to approximate the ideal in imperfect conditions. The research objectives were attempted through a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods. A comprehensive review of existing literature in the field and creative thinking workshops were steps in the research to achieve the vision to the new ideal project delivery system, and to develop the hypothesis. The hypothesis was then tested and validated through statistical analyses and case-study research. We concluded that superior project performance can be achieved by breaking existing paradigms and implementing organizational integration, alignment of interests and management-by-means through new project delivery systems. | construction industry - innovation management - organisational aspects - project management - statistical analysis | Construction Industry Institute - CII - innovative approach - ideal project delivery paradigm - statistical analyses - organizational integration - interests alignment | |
| Testing Effectiveness of Solar Photovoltaic Systems for Public Schools in Washington | Ghadge, C.(1); Yong-Woo Kim(1) | Construction in a Global Network. 2014 Construction Research Congress. Proceedings | 2014 | Conference article (CA) | Solar photovoltaic systems are currently the most competent renewable energy methods to retrofit in and offset electricity for existing and newly constructed school buildings. Increase in electricity prices every year, depletion of fossil fuel reserves, disturbance in hydrological pattern and damage to present environment, has given stimulation to search for most viable and effectual solution - to offset public schools need for electricity. The present study is focused on public schools in state of Washington. The purpose of this study is to determine efficiency of solar PV for public schools and its coherence with school community. Seventeen public schools were analyzed as case studies. Life Cycle Costs were quantified and the acceptance of PV systems from social context - amongst school community was investigated qualitatively. Quantitative and Qualitative analysis performed identifies, these schools being influenced with installation of PV, renewable energy education as - new learning curve amongst students and is socially acceptable to school community. | buildings (structures) - life cycle costing - photovoltaic power systems - renewable energy sources | solar photovoltaic systems - public schools - renewable energy methods - school buildings - life cycle costs | |
| Unsolicited Proposals for PPP Projects: Private Sector Perceptions in the USA | Aziz, A.A.(1); Nabavi, H.(1) | Construction in a Global Network. 2014 Construction Research Congress. Proceedings | 2014 | Conference article (CA) | In the global infrastructure market, unsolicited public-private partnership (UPPP) proposals have been promoted and a number of countries have established incentive programs to encourage such proposals. While PPPs have been growing in the United States, development of infrastructure through UPPP is still an area in need of further development. In this research, eighteen major national and international PPP companies working in the United States were surveyed about their perceptions of unsolicited PPP proposals in terms of the management of such proposals, adequacy of regulations, incentive programs, procurement stages and negotiations, procurement time and fees, and competing proposals. The analysis shows that a significant percentage of the surveyed companies has pursued, shortlisted, or awarded UPPP. Surprisingly, little less than half of the surveyed companies would not encourage UPPP in the United States. The reasons were rooted in government mismanagement of UPPP, transparency problems, and the lack of competition. The companies reported a lack of adequate guidelines and complained about the short bidding times for preparing competing proposals. The majority of the companies were not in favor of the UPPP incentive programs. It was concluded that significant work is needed for improving UPPP regulations and procurement processes. | globalisation - incentive schemes - organisational aspects - procurement - public administration - tendering | PPP projects - private sector perceptions - USA - global infrastructure market - unsolicited public-private partnership - UPPP - incentive programs - United States - PPP companies - procurement stages - procurement fees - procurement time - short bidding times | |
| Using Discrete-Event Simulation to Support Building Asset Management: An Exploratory Case Study | Gatti, U.(1); El-Anwar, O.(1); Migliaccio, G.(1); Ken-Yu Lin(1) | Construction in a Global Network. 2014 Construction Research Congress. Proceedings | 2014 | Conference article (CA) | Among the Washington State Department of Transportation's (WSDOT) capital assets, Transportation Equipment Fund (TEF) shops provide a crucial service by ensuring proper care and maintenance of most of the state vehicles and equipment. Therefore, any reduction of TEF shop facilities capabilities could jeopardize not only WSDOT vehicles and equipment maintenance but also WSDOT's ability to fulfill its core mission. Given the importance of TEF shops, this exploratory case study analyzes the building system failures that have occurred or are likely to occur in these facilities, and utilizes discrete-event simulation to investigate how WSDOT operations can be affected by these events. In particular, by creating a model capable of simulating the service operations performed in the TEF shops, this study quantifies the consequences of failures on the shop activities and road users. The aim of this paper is to describe the development and validation of the discrete-event simulation model and its associated data gathering efforts. Whereas, further building systems failure analysis and impact assessment are within the scope of another publication. | buildings (structures) - condition monitoring - discrete event simulation - maintenance engineering - mechanical engineering computing - road vehicles | discrete-event simulation - Washington State Department of Transportation - WSDOT capital asset - building asset management - transportation equipment fund - TEF shop - WSDOT vehicle - equipment maintenance - building system failure analysis - impact assessment | |
| Identifying the optimal execution plan for slum infrastructure upgrading projects | Bahi, M.(1); El-Anwar, O.(2); Marzouk, M.(1) | Construction Research Congress 2016. Old and New Construction Technologies Converge in Historic San Juan | 2016 | Conference article (CA) | Infrastructure upgrading projects in slum areas face a number of challenges that are not common to those of similar projects in planned areas. These challenges stem from (1) the heavily-congested and unplanned nature of a slum, which results in a series of logistical challenges; and (2) the fact that slum dwellers reside in and around the upgrading project sites, which raises the level of resistance to project execution. As such, slum infrastructure upgrading projects face high risks of prolonged project duration and increased construction costs. This paper focuses on sanitary networks upgrading projects in slum areas. In these projects, the unplanned nature of the slum is manifested in the undocumented variations in road widths and their steep slopes as well as the ever changing urban characteristics of the area. It is common, under such conditions, for contractors to be forced to use different construction methods. Furthermore, these projects are expected to face high levels of dwellers' resistance because of the socioeconomic disturbance resulting from the construction activities. To address the aforementioned challenges, this paper proposes an automated heuristic-based planning model capable of prioritizing the upgrading phases and selecting the suitable construction methods to accelerate the delivery of service to slum dwellers. To this end, the model computes the rate of service delivery under different construction scenarios and hence accounts for the expected resistance in cases of late delivery. The model processes the urban characteristics of slum areas and topography data as well as the proposed sanitary network design in order to generate the optimal order of upgrading phases and the optimal selection of construction equipment. An application example is presented to demonstrate the use of the model and its capabilities. | critical infrastructures - optimisation - sanitary engineering - socio-economic effects - strategic planning - structural engineering - town and country planning | optimal execution planning - slum infrastructure upgrading projects - sanitary networks - socioeconomic disturbance - dwellers resistance - heuristic-based planning model | |
| Integrated project delivery in public projects: Limitations and opportunity | Kim, Yong-Woo(1); Rezqallah, Khaled(2); Lee, Hyun Woo(1); Angeley, Jeff(3) | IGLC 2016 - 24th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction | 2016 | Conference article (CA) | One of the major challenges that the construction industry facing is how to improve the effectiveness and performance of construction projects which become more dynamic and uncertain. For this reason, more projects are adopting lean principles which focuses on collaboration and work flow reliability. Due to the limitations of current procurement practices including competitive bidding strategy and fixed price contracts, an innovative project delivery, so called integrated project delivery (IPD) or lean project delivery, has been adopted by project owners. However, most of public agencies have restrictions in choosing a project delivery. In fact, most procurement codes require public agencies to use competitive pricing and bidding, leading to difficulties in using IPD which encourages collaboration among project teams. In this paper, the researchers present the result of a survey aimed at investigating the benefits and restrictions experienced by project participants who have tried IPD or some principles of IPD in public projects. The research is expected to provide a practical view on the opportunities and challenges in applying IPD to their projects. | Construction industry - Lean production - Surveying - Surveys | Competitive bidding - Construction projects - Fixed-price contracts - Integrated project deliveries - Lean project deliveries - Procurement practices - Project participants - Public project | |
| Management of Force Majeure Risks in Canadian PPP Transportation Projects | Aziz, A.A.(1); Tai-Ling Shen(1) | Construction Research Congress 2016. Old and New Construction Technologies Converge in Historic San Juan | 2016 | Conference article (CA) | The successful implementation of public-private partnerships (PPPs) requires the contractual obligations and rights of the public and private parties to be clearly defined. The occurrence of risks in PPPs may negatively impact the parties' abilities to perform their obligations. Force majeure (FM) risks represent a risk category that requires delicate management as it may cause tremendous losses to the private party. However, little has been published on how these risks were defined, allocated, and managed in PPPs. This paper investigates these issues through a case study approach that analyzes the agreements of five PPP transportation projects in British Columbia through content analysis. The findings show that not all FM events are dealt with as FM risks; only the most severe are called eligible FM (EFM) risks. These risks provide compensation events that relieve the parties from their obligations, allow termination of contracts, and provide for compensating the balance of the private debt, equity, and labor payments. Non-EFM events provide for continuation and compensation for the expenditure above the maximum insurance coverage. If the expenditure and restoration time exceed particular thresholds, termination may occur. The analysis should assist the PPPs on how to better manage the FM risks. | contracts - insurance - organisational aspects - project management - public administration - risk management - transportation | force majeure risk management - Canadian PPP transportation projects - public-private partnerships - contractual obligations - risk category - private party - private party - risk allocation - risk management - British Columbia - FM events - eligible FM risks - EFM risks - compensation events - contract termination - private debt - equity - labor payments - nonEFM events - expenditure continuation - expenditure compensation - maximum insurance coverage - expenditure time - restoration time | |
| BIM to Facilities Management: Presenting a Proven Workflow for Information Exchange | Borhani, A.(1); Hyun Woo Lee(1); Dossick, C.S.(1); Osburn, L.(1); Kinsman, M.(2) | Computing In Civil Engineering 2017. Information Modeling and Data Analytics. Selected Papers from the ASCE International Workshop | 2017 | Conference article (CA) | Large institutional owners face a daunting task of assessing the condition of their facilities and forecasting maintenance and replacement costs of these assets. Computerized systems, generally known as asset management systems (AMS) are emerging in the market that provide maintenance budget forecasts based on building inventory data and conditions assessment. The main challenge that large institutional owners face is how to efficiently develop asset inventories that form the basis for AMS calculations. In response, this paper presents a research project wherein the research team developed a workflow for building information modeling (BIM) data transfer to AMS used for facility management (FM). This work provides a way for owners to leverage legacy BIM data to create building inventories or to specify BIM deliverables that will provide asset data for their intended AMS. This paper presents applied action research that developed a BIM to FM-AMS workflow as a proven practice that leads to sustainable facility management. The study results indicate that information exchange should require classification systems to utilize a consistent language between BIM systems. In addition, this paper presents peer institutional efforts and customization of classification systems that were studied to present a data crosswalk between these systems. The study results are expected to support owners and facility managers to understand the logic behind BIM information exchange practices so that they can adopt the best practice that fits the needs and goals of their organization. | building management systems - buildings (structures) - construction industry - data integration - facilities management - maintenance engineering - sustainable development - workflow management software | workflow tasks - information exchange - facilities condition - maintenance costs - replacement costs - computerized systems - asset management systems - AMS - maintenance budget forecasts - building inventory data - conditions assessment - building information modeling data transfer - BIM data transfer - sustainable facility management - classification systems - construction industry - data integration | |
| Comparative analysis of P3 availability payments in the USA and Canada | Aziz, A.A.(1); Abdelhalim, K.(1) | Advances in Public-Private Partnerships. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Public-Private Partnerships | 2017 | Conference article (CA) | The availability payments have been used in the payment mechanisms of public-private partnership (P3) transportation projects in the United States. These payments have been used to emphasize the performance-based contracts and to achieve government objectives in using P3 as a delivery system. This research looks at the implementation of the availability payment in the USA transportation projects and compares it to the Canadian P3 experience. The research investigates the structure of the payment mechanism and whether other payments have been used in the mechanism, the share percentage of the availability payment in the mechanism structure, the economic/financial factors used in the payment structure, future adjustments, penalty/performance-deduction structure, the public agency objectives in using availability payment, and the public agency oversight and accounting. The work utilizes a document and content analysis approach to a detailed study of the selected P3 projects in the USA and Canada. The output of the research should explain the pros and cons of using availability payments in the USA and the areas that need improvement in the payment structure. | contracts - economics - organisational aspects - project management - public administration - transportation | P3 availability payments - USA - availability payment - payment mechanism - public-private partnership transportation projects - payment structure - Canada - contracts - economic factors - financial factors - penalty/performance-deduction structure - future adjustments - public agency | |
| Gazetteers for Information Extraction Applications in Construction Safety Management | Nai-Wen Chi(1); Ken-Yu Lin(2); El-Gohary, N.(3); Shang-Hsien Hsieh(4) | Computing in Civil Engineering 2017. Smart Safety, Sustainability and Resilience. Selected Papers from the ASCE International Workshop | 2017 | Conference article (CA) | Gazetteers, also known as entity dictionaries, can be applied to support many information extraction (IE) applications such as named entity recognition (NER). However, gazetteers are not always available, because they require not only domain knowledge but also human effort during development. Existing gazetteers are also mostly general in nature; they are limited to providing common types of entities such as locations, organizations, person names, etc. These common types of entities cannot accurately reflect the semantics of specific domain knowledge, and their applicability is therefore limited. A useful gazetteer, on the other hand, must be able to indicate the important types of entities (i.e., classes of concepts) and must also contain a sufficient number of entities. This creates the need for domain-specific gazetteers, especially when involving specialized IE tasks. In this paper, the authors take construction safety management as the target domain and propose a semi-automated approach to develop a construction safety gazetteer, aiming to eventually support IE applications for constructions safety management. The proposed approach consists of three steps: (1) applying natural language processing (NLP) techniques to extract important phrases (not limited to single terms, but including bigrams and trigrams) from text resources, (2) defining important types of entities as entity classes for the construction safety domain, and (3) assigning the extracted phrases to the predefined entity classes. The authors also discuss how the proposed methodology could be affordable for domain experts, and the possible scenarios for IE applications for supporting construction safety management. | civil engineering computing - construction industry - information retrieval - natural language processing - safety - text analysis | gazetteers - information extraction applications - construction safety management - entity dictionaries - IE applications - named entity recognition - NER - natural language processing - NLP - phrases extraction - bigrams - trigrams - text resources - entity classes | |
| Spatial interpolation of Weather data for occupational health and safety research in construction | Lee, Wonil(1); Lin, Ken-Yu(2) | 6th CSCE-CRC International Construction Specialty Conference 2017 - Held as Part of the Canadian Society for Civil Engineering Annual Conference and General Meeting 2017 | 2017 | Conference article (CA) | Weather data help inform the sustainable management of construction workforce. Weather data can be used to predict the level of heat stress faced by workers and inform job rotation. Oftentimes, researchers struggle to obtain authorization from project owners or contractors when it comes to installing on-site weather station for collecting desirable data. Thus, researchers look to alternative data sources. This paper studies two alternative data sources: the weather stations validated by the world meteorological organization (WMO) and those provided by Weather Underground (WU), an online platform from The Weather Company, LLC. Specifically, we selected a project site in Seattle and estimated weather data for the site location on a geographical information system using inverse distance weighted interpolation. Weather data were collected from 35 weather stations within a 100 mile (160 km) radius from the project site through WU. We seek to understand: 1) through the spatial interpolation and for the locations which house the WMO stations, are the weather data derived from localized personal weather stations comparable to those measured by the WMO stations? 2) if they are comparable, for the location which houses the selected project site, are the weather data derived from localized personal weather stations areas comparable to those measured by the WMO stations?, and 3) if they are not comparable, how big is the difference when it is translated into the scale of heat stress? Eventually, our study hopes to develop a robust method to monitor construction workers' level of heat stress at specific project locations through localized weather data. © CSCE-CRC International Construction Specialty Conference 2017 - Held as Part of the Canadian Society for Civil Engineering Annual Conference and General Meeting 2017.All rights reserved. | Geographic information systems - Heating - Industrial hygiene - Information systems - Information use - Interpolation - Inverse problems - Location - Meteorology - Thermal stress - Weather information services | Construction workforces - Estimated weather datum - Heat stress - Inverse distance-weighted interpolation - Meteorological data - Occupational health and safety - Spatial interpolation - World meteorological organizations | |
| Developing a Collaboration Framework for Model-Based Estimating | Borhani, A.(1); Dossick, C.S.(1); Hyun Woo Lee(1); Osburn, L.(1) | Construction Research Congress 2018. Construction Project Management. Selected Papers from the Construction Research Congress 2018 | 2018 | Conference article (CA) | General contractors (GCs) in the United States increasingly use building information modeling (BIM) in all phases of a construction project. Especially for the preconstruction phase, GCs aim to leverage BIM capabilities for quantity takeoff and cost estimation, also known as model-based estimating (MBE), to address the current gap between a project's design and budget. However, the effectiveness of MBE has been limited mainly due to a lack of established MBE best practices and a lack of integration between design and estimation processes. This paper will report on an applied research project conducted by the research team for a large general contractor to develop a standard workflow and a collaboration framework to support the MBE in the preconstruction phase. For this purpose, the research team examined the benefits and challenges of current MBE practices and set criteria for selecting an appropriate workflow and toolset that fit project requirements. The main outcome of the research is a MBE workflow that explains the general process of model-based estimating, required activities, and suggested toolsets for successful implementation of MBE. In addition, this research presents a collaboration framework for owners, designers, and contractors that includes team members' roles and responsibilities and a guide for integrating design and estimating processes. The results of this research help project teams to benefit from MBE-supported collaboration partnership, leading to efficient and accurate quantity takeoff and cost estimation in the early design stages, on-time value engineering, and effective management of design and cost changes. | building management systems - civil engineering computing - construction industry - groupware - project management - structural engineering computing - value engineering | collaboration framework - preconstruction phase - research team - current MBE practices - appropriate workflow - toolset - fit project requirements - MBE workflow - general process - estimating processes - research help project teams - collaboration partnership - accurate quantity takeoff - cost estimation - early design stages - general contractor - United States increasingly - information modeling - construction project - GCs aim - leverage BIM capabilities - current gap - established MBE - estimation processes - applied research project | |
| Economic feasibility analysis of photovoltaic systems using Bayesian networks | Shakouri, M.(1); Hyun Woo Lee(2) | Construction Research Congress 2018. Sustainable Design and Construction and Education. Selected Papers from the Construction Research Congress 2018 | 2018 | Conference article (CA) | The economic viability of photovoltaic (PV) systems is subject to spatial and temporal uncertainties that can pose significant financial risks to the investors of such systems. This paper presents a decision-making model using Bayesian networks to assess the economic viability of PV systems, by considering the inherent spatial and temporal uncertainties and their impacts on the annual electricity generation of a PV system. The application of the proposed model is shown in a 6.5 kWh PV system installed on a house located in Corvallis, OR. Results show that by using the Bayesian networks, the probability of different states of electricity generation can be estimated and used for quantitative decision making. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is performed to demonstrate how the key factors in the PV system can affect the annual electricity generation. The proposed model contributes to the body of knowledge in the valuation of renewable energy investments through the application of Bayesian networks. It is expected that the proposed model can help investors in PV systems make scientific and informed decisions. | Bayes methods - decision making - investment - photovoltaic power systems - power generation economics - renewable energy sources - sensitivity analysis | Bayesian networks - economic feasibility analysis - photovoltaic systems - economic viability - temporal uncertainties - inherent spatial uncertainties - annual electricity generation - renewable energy investments - sensitivity analysis - PV system - decision-making model | |
| Impact of Project Integration on Implementation of Model-Based Estimating | Wenqi Zhu(1); Hyun Woo Lee(1); Dossick, C.S.(1) | Construction Research Congress 2018. Construction Project Management. Selected Papers from the Construction Research Congress 2018 | 2018 | Conference article (CA) | Model-based estimating (MBE) has become more common in recent years with many seeking to capture the potential of building information modeling (BIM) in the construction industry. However, MBE is neither utilized as widely as expected nor implemented as efficiently as it could be in current industry practice. Previous studies attributed this to a low level of model sharing and lack of required information in models largely due to lack of integration between design and construction and the absence of effective communication among project participants. Thus, the cooperation between two major project participants, namely designing team and general contractor, appears to be a crucial factor in determining the level of utilization of MBE. However, there has been little to no study specifically aimed at investigating cooperation that is required for MBE. In response, the present study targets to test a hypothesis that a correlation exists between the level of project integration and the level of MBE implementation. This study uses an online survey as a main research methodology to collect responses from industry practitioners, and a statistical analysis was conducted to test the hypothesis. The study results will support project teams in devising ways to improve the level of MBE implementation for future projects. | construction industry - design engineering - project management - statistical analysis | project integration - construction industry - design - building information modeling - model-based estimating - BIM | |
| Improving safety in solar installations through prevention through design | Chung Ho(1); Hyun Woo Lee(1); Gambatese, J.A.(2) | Construction Research Congress 2018. Safety and Disaster Management | 2018 | Conference article (CA) | The U.S. solar industry has seen a drastic increase in solar systems installed on residential buildings due to the reduced payback periods in recent years. Most solar installations happen on the rooftops of existing houses, creating unique worker safety hazards associated with the existing roof conditions and panel installations. Prevention through design (PtD) has been developed as a proactive method to eliminate safety hazards during the design process. However, no identified study has investigated how PtD can be applied to improve safety in solar panel installations. The objective of this research is to fill this knowledge gap by investigating how, during the process to design the solar panel installations, to address safety concerns in solar system installations for small residential buildings by applying the concept of PtD. Based on a number of interviews and four case studies, this study led to the identification of seven PtD attributes and the development of a safety design protocol that small solar contractors can employ to improve their safety practices. This paper presents the research activities and the PtD attributes that the research team has identified including roof materials, roof slopes, roof accessories, panel layouts, fall protection systems, lifting methods, and electrical systems. The research will provide a valuable contribution to the effort to prevent safety hazards though PtD and improve safety practices in solar installations. | accident prevention - building integrated photovoltaics - buildings (structures) - construction industry - design engineering - hazards - industrial accidents - occupational health - occupational safety - roofs - safety | safety concerns - solar panel installations - design process - existing roof conditions - unique worker safety hazards - solar systems - solar industry - prevention - improving safety - solar installations - safety practices - solar contractors - safety design protocol - seven PtD attributes - residential buildings - solar system installations | |
| The USA PPP payment mechanisms: a comparison to the canadian PPP systems | Luming Shang(1); Aziz, A.A.(1) | Construction Research Congress 2018. Infrastructure and Facility Management | 2018 | Conference article (CA) | Over the years, PPPs in the USA have used different types of payments to compensate project developers. In the past decades, the dominant type was toll payment. Availability payments started to gain more popularity with performance-based PPP contracts. Internationally, some other payment types are also used in PPPs, such as operation and maintenance payment, safety payment, satisfaction payment, and end of term payment. A payment mechanism is a package that includes a set of payment type(s), performance measures, performance specifications, and penalties for not meeting the specifications. Since PPP payment mechanisms, other than toll payments, is new in the USA, it is not clear whether payment mechanisms as used in the USA projects would be similar to those used in the PPP international market regarding the payment types, payment structure, performance measures and specifications, penalties, and deduction schemes. This research investigated the payment mechanisms in transportation PPP projects in the USA and Canada. Comparative and content analyses of project agreements are used as research methods. The findings show that PPP projects in the USA tend to have payment mechanisms of fewer payment types, less sophisticated payment calculations, and less complex deduction schemes. Public agencies would use the outcome of this research to revisit and improve the design of payment mechanisms of their PPP projects. | contracts - organisational aspects - project management - public administration | public agencies - payment types - sophisticated payment calculations - PPP projects - payment structure - payment mechanism - satisfaction payment - safety payment - maintenance payment - payment type - availability payments - toll payment - USA PPP payment mechanisms | |
| A hybrid simulation approach for understanding the social contagion effect of safety violations within the construction crew | Huakang Liang(1); Ken-Yu Lin(2) | Computing in Civil Engineering 2019. Visualization, Information Modeling, and Simulation | 2019 | Conference article (CA) | Previous studies have recognized the social factor of safety violation within the construction crew. However, discussion on the social contagion effect of safety violation is still sparse. Therefore, this research aims to develop a hybrid simulation approach for looking into the cognitive, social, and organizational aspects that can altogether determine the social contagion effect of safety violations within the construction crew. The hybrid approach integrates system dynamics (SD) and agent-based modeling (ABM) to better represent the real world. SD is used to capture the systematic level dynamics such as the influence of perceived production pressure. ABM is employed to mimic the decision rules and interactions among the worker and management. The research contributes to providing a practical framework to examine how specific accident prevention measures (e.g., setting the safety goal) interacting with worker or environmental characteristics (e.g., the hazard level) influence the social contagion effect of safety violations. Our findings show that different interventions should be taken for situational and routine safety violations. Our model can also serve as a test-bed to evaluate different safety programs or strategies by considering the social contagion effect of safety violations. | accident prevention - construction industry - decision making - hazards - multi-agent systems - organisational aspects - personnel - safety | hybrid simulation approach - social contagion effect - safety violation - construction crew - social factor - situational safety violations - routine safety violations | |
| Automating the digital fabrication of concrete formwork in building projects: workflow and case example | Fardhosseini, M.S.(1); Abdirad, H.(1); Dossick, C.(2); Lee, H.W.(2); DiFuria, R.(3); Lohr, J.(3) | Computing in Civil Engineering 2019. Data, Sensing, and Analytics. Selected Papers from the ASCE International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering 2019 | 2019 | Conference article (CA) | Digital fabrication is an emerging approach to transforming design to physical products. While a number of studies have been carried out to highlight the use of digital technologies in construction, there is still a dearth of studies focused on design-to-fabrication workflows in construction projects. In response, the overarching goal of this study is to develop a design-to-fabrication workflow using digital models and computer numerical control (CNC) machines with a focus on formwork fabrication. The specific objectives are to (1) present a detailed workflow from the design phase of formwork to the fabrication phase, and (2) develop automated procedures to support the workflow without extensive manual intervention. This workflow integrates virtual design and construction (VDC), trade coordination, parametric modeling, software customization, tool path development, and CNC routing in order to produce precise prefabricated formwork components. To test and validate the workflow, the authors conducted a case study for the prefabrication of concrete edge formworks in a 26-story post-tensioned castin-place concrete structure. The case study shows that the use of the workflow for CNC machines supports craftsmanship to improve labor productivity, safety, and fabrication quality. The results demonstrate the advantages of using this workflow over the traditional approach to support project teams' productivity and enable them to make informed decisions for their implementation of digital fabrication. | buildings (structures) - computerised numerical control - concrete - construction - construction industry - design engineering - production engineering computing - productivity - project management - structural engineering | digital fabrication - concrete formwork - transforming design - digital technologies - design-to-fabrication workflow - construction projects - digital models - formwork fabrication - detailed workflow - fabrication phase - virtual design - precise prefabricated formwork components - case study - concrete edge formworks - 26-story post-tensioned castin-place concrete structure - fabrication quality - project teams | |
| Historical Accident and Injury Database-Driven Audio-Based Autonomous Construction Safety Surveillance | Yiyi Xie(1); Yong-Cheol Lee(1); Shariatfar, M.(1); Zhongjie Zhang(2); Rashidi, A.(3); Hyun Woo Lee(4) | Computing in Civil Engineering 2019. Data, Sensing, and Analytics. Selected Papers from the ASCE International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering 2019 | 2019 | Conference article (CA) | Construction safety has always been one of critical concerns in the construction industry with diverse approaches and technology for consistently managing safety hazard issues being examined and adopted. However, the current technology such as a vision-based approach does not appear to fully support consistent and robust safety monitoring because of its heavy-data processing and inherent restrictions including limited angle coverage and view detectability. A vulnerable construction environment requires an advanced safety surveillance and event detection approach. To provide a supplement safety monitoring method, this project has an objective to establish an audio-based autonomous safety surveillance system with alarming prenotifications and map visualization based on identified work activities and potential safety issues. This proposed system adopts a schedule-based sound data training method and incorporates historical occupational injury and illness manual data with classified sources and events of accidents in each construction activity. The injury data are informed by a daily project schedule to link potential safety hazard to daily planned work activities. By applying a machine learning technique, the system accurately categorizes a sound type according to sound training data scope-downed by project schedule and safety data and provides pre-warnings in accordance with any detected irregular events. The system is expected to contribute to the body of knowledge for safety monitoring and provide the potential to be integrated into a robust automated safety surveillance system with occupational accident data and significantly improving construction activities classification accuracy. | accident prevention - construction industry - hazards - learning (artificial intelligence) - occupational safety - video surveillance | safety data - robust automated safety surveillance system - occupational accident data - construction activities classification accuracy - irregular events - sound training data scope - daily planned work activities - potential safety hazard - daily project schedule - injury data - construction activity - classified sources - illness manual data - historical occupational injury - schedule-based sound data training method - potential safety issues - autonomous safety surveillance system - supplement safety monitoring method - event detection approach - advanced safety surveillance - vulnerable construction environment - view detectability - angle coverage - heavy-data processing - robust safety monitoring - consistent safety monitoring - vision-based approach - safety hazard issues - construction industry - construction safety | |
| Multi-objective optimization of process design using process-based sustainable impact analysis | El-Anwar, Omar(1); Kim, Yong-Woo(1) | EG-ICE 2010 - 17th International Workshop on Intelligent Computing in Engineering | 2019 | Conference article (CA) | Process design in material supply systems requires careful analysis from the process manager in order to optimize important variables, such as the number of assembly areas and their locations. Decisions on these critical variables can have significant impacts on multiple objectives, including minimizing project cost and adverse environmental impacts. The objective of this paper is to present the development of a robust methodology to optimize process design in logistics of material supply systems. This methodology incorporates (1) cost and environmental impact assessment models that utilize process-based assessment (Activity-Based Costing and Process-Based Life-Cycle Analysis); and (2) a multi-objective optimization model that utilizes Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithms II (NSGA2). The presented models in this paper focuses on optimizing decisions related to the process design of prefabricated rebar supply systems for construction projects with space constraints. The developed models are capable of minimizing (1) the logistics costs; and (2) the associated environmental impacts. The paper also presents a case study in order to illustrate the use of the model and its unique capabilities in optimizing material supply systems. © Nottingham University Press | Cost accounting - Cost benefit analysis - Costs - Design - Environmental impact - Environmental impact assessments - Genetic algorithms - Intelligent computing - Life cycle - Multiobjective optimization - Optimization | Activity based costing - Adverse environmental impacts - Construction projects - Environmental impact assessment models - Life cycle analysis - Multi-objective optimization models - Multiple-objectives - Non- dominated sorting genetic algorithms | |
| Reliability and Validity of a Posture Matching Method Using Inertial Measurement Unit-Based Motion Tracking System for Construction Jobs | Wonil Lee(1); Jia-Hua Lin(2); Bao, S.(2); Ken-Yu Lin(3) | Computing in Civil Engineering 2019. Data, Sensing, and Analytics. Selected Papers from the ASCE International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering 2019 | 2019 | Conference article (CA) | Posture quantification is important in biomechanical analysis of loadings of workers' trunk and upper extremities in studying back/neck/shoulder musculoskeletal disorders caused by laborintensive construction activities. This study demonstrates the reliability and validity of a posturematching method using inertial measurement unit (IMU) tracking system. A commercial IMUbased motion capture system was used to obtain upper extremity and trunk joint angles. Observers wore IMU sensors and mimicked prescribed distinct work postures shown on a screen; then joint angles were obtained by the IMU sensors. A reliability test and the root-mean square difference indicated that the posture-matching method was reliable in estimating certain joint angles such as upper arm flexion/extension but unreliable in estimating upper arm rotation and wrist ulnar/radial deviation. The reliability and validity were affected by the body part, joint angle range, observers' perception while mimicking and matching postures, angle of the camera captured the worker's posture, and errors from IMU sensors. | biomechanics - biomedical measurement - medical disorders - patient rehabilitation | neck musculoskeletal disorders - back musculoskeletal disorders - shoulder musculoskeletal disorders - commercial IMU-based motion capture system - upper arm extension - upper arm flexion - upper arm rotation - posture-matching method - IMU sensors - trunk joint angles - inertial measurement unit tracking system - posture quantification - inertial measurement unit-based motion - posture matching method | |
| A Critical Review of Visual Aid Implementation in Lean Construction Scheduling Process | Pratama, L.A.(1); Dossick, C.S.(2) | Construction Research Congress 2020 - Project Management and Controls, Materials, and Contracts. Selected Papers from the Construction, Research Congress 2020 | 2020 | Conference article (CA) | One of the recent advances in the construction industry is the virtualization/digital representation of information. Building information modeling (BIM), which has been adopted over the past 20 years, enables the integration of data into the design and construction. This technology is deemed capable of facilitating better collaboration between different project stakeholders. One of its functions is to serve as a visual aid for the team members in decision making. However, not all types of BIM are appropriately used in certain practices. This study looks at lean construction scheduling where BIM may be used differently because of the last planner system. The last planner system facilitates short term planning by allowing project team members to elaborate on their tasks in greater detail so that the team can identify potential constraints on project execution. The lack of visual reference, especially one that provides a logic sequence that is important during the planning, might help project stakeholders discover issues. However, the conventional schedule methods with 4D BIM are typically developed based on a CPM schedule where the detailed schedule is determined early by a schedule. Consequently, 4D BIM practices and the last planner scheduling techniques are not yet compatible. This study provides an analysis of current research trends around the topic of visualization in lean construction project scheduling. Findings indicated that existing publications tend to focus on the technology instead of the underlying communication theory between project participants. From the technology side, this study is limited to studying the utilization of emerging technologies such as BIM. Thus, several suggestions were made on how emerging technology can be implemented in certain aspects of a lean project. | building information modelling - construction industry - data integration - data visualisation - decision making - lean production - planning - project management - scheduling - virtualisation | communication theory - visualization - planner scheduling - logic sequence - decision making - data integration - building information modeling - digital representation - virtualization - lean construction scheduling - visual reference - project execution - project team members - short term planning - planner system - project stakeholders - information modeling - construction industry - visual aid - lean project - lean construction project scheduling - CPM schedule - 4D BIM | |
| Assessing Worker Health and Well-Being in Construction: Case of Seattle | Trivedi, N.(1); Yellapragada, M.(1); Ken-Yu Lin(1) | Construction Research Congress 2020 - Safety, Workforce, and Education | 2020 | Conference article (CA) | Increase in chronic diseases amongst the U.S. workforce results in reduced productivity and increased medical care costs. The shortage of manpower against the growing demand has also forced many workers to work overtime multiple days a week. It is therefore important to study and understand a worker's health holistically, considering not only physical health but also mental health, work-life balance, stress, and safety. Total worker health takes factors relating to geography, industry, workload, family, travel time, etc. into consideration and thus, is a comprehensive approach to interpret worker health and well-being. This paper aims to study the total worker health of the people employed in the construction industry. An anonymous survey was conducted with worker participants from various construction trades in Seattle, the crane capital of America in 2018. Analysis of the survey results highlighted aspects that could impact total worker health in construction. One of our findings indicated that workers who put in the most physical effort had trouble sleeping at night. The physical demand and pace of work also seemed to be the contributing factors to troubled sleep. Age of the workers was found to play an important role in the commuting patterns and one's ability to maintain a work-life balance. We consider this preliminary understanding of the important aspects key to designing sensible measurements (e.g., well-being index) as well as strategic interventions to promote the well-being of construction workers and facilitate a positive work environment for the industry. | construction industry - diseases - employee welfare - health and safety - health care - labour resources - occupational health - occupational safety - personnel | Seattle - chronic diseases - worker health assessment - US workforce - construction workers - physical demand - worker participants - work-life balance | |
| Data Requirements for BIM-based Asset Management from Owners' Perspective | Borhani, A.(1); Dossick, C.S.(2) | Construction Research Congress 2020 - Computer Applications | 2020 | Conference article (CA) | Rapid development of technologies like building information modeling (BIM) and internet of things (IoT) has provided new tools and methods to facility owners for more effective asset management during the operation and maintenance (O&M) phase. However, many owners face a challenge to identify and address needed technical and organizational transformations to fully leverage new technologies. This paper reports on a series of workshops facilitated by the authors to discover key elements in developing standards and processes for data-driven asset management systems (AMS). For this applied research, the authors worked with six large public owners (including army, educational, transit, and seaport/airport facility owners) to analyze effectiveness of their current AMS, taxonomy and structure of their AMS database including asset's types, attributes, and specifications, as well as their means and methods for collaboration with designers and contractors to create reliable data required for O&M activities. The outcomes of this research are a standard framework for identifying and addressing data requirements for effective assets life-cycle management, as well as lessons learned from peer organizations' experiences and practices for integrating new technologies into asset management. The findings of this research will also help researchers in the academia to better understand the real-world constraints and requirements the AECO industry encounters to incorporate innovative research-based solutions into the existing practices. | asset management - building information modelling - building management systems - construction industry - data analysis - innovation management - Internet of Things - maintenance engineering - organisational aspects - standards | AECO industry - standards development - O&M - operation and maintenance phase - IoT - building information modeling - AMS database - innovative research-based solutions - life-cycle management - data-driven asset management systems - organizational transformations - technical transformations - asset management - Internet of Things - BIM | |
| Measurements and Verification (M&V) Guidelines for Weatherization Plus Health Program | Recart, C.(1); Kim, A.(1); Dossick, C.S.(2) | Construction Research Congress 2020 - Project Management and Controls, Materials, and Contracts. Selected Papers from the Construction, Research Congress 2020 | 2020 | Conference article (CA) | Weatherization Plus Health (Wx+H), a pilot program introduced by the Washington State Department of Commerce, has proposed a new scope to improve the indoor environment quality (IEQ) for low-income housing residents-one that extends beyond energy benefits. Typical interventions include the distribution of green cleaning kits, walk-off mats, ventilation system upgrades, and resident education, among other elements. Wx+H experts are working to capture the long-term impact of these combined measures to assess the program's potential. Although guidelines and best practices exist to measure and verify the impacts and influences of energy conservation, these indicators do not holistically incorporate occupant satisfaction and perceptions regarding health benefits in the context of low-income housing. This paper presents a preliminary literature review that summarizes measurements and verifications (M&V) schemes applicable to the residential sector from two major standards: ASHRAE Guideline 14 and the international performance measurement and verification protocol. Additionally, reports from the Washington State Commerce Department were analyzed to identify procedures and factors that might influence M&V schemes as applied by Washington State who are leading health and energy programs. Barriers, opportunities, and innovative M&V are discussed. | buildings (structures) - energy conservation - health and safety - indoor environment | indoor environment quality - IEQ - low-income housing residents - energy benefits - green cleaning kits - ventilation system - resident education - energy conservation - occupant satisfaction - health benefits - ASHRAE Guideline 14 - international performance measurement - verification protocol - Washington State Commerce Department - energy programs - measurements and verification guidelines - M&V guidelines - weatherization plus health program - Wx+H programs | |
| Multi-level assessment of occupational stress in the field using a wearable EEG headset | Jebelli, H.(1); Habibnezhad, M.(1); Khalili, M.M.(2); Fardhosseini, M.S.(3); Sanghyun Lee(4) | Construction Research Congress 2020 - Safety, Workforce, and Education | 2020 | Conference article (CA) | The construction industry is among the most stressful of occupations. Traditional techniques to evaluate worker stress (e.g., self-assessment and observational checklists) may not be effective in the field because of their potential to interrupt workers' ongoing tasks. Additionally, these methods are subject to biases. Research in neuroscience confirms that the human brain responds to various stressors, so studying patterns of brainwave activity can lead to strong assessments of subjects' stress. The authors' earlier research has monitored worker stress using a wearable electroencephalography (EEG) headset by applying supervised learning algorithms in a binary stress level (i.e., low and high). Despite the success of earlier work identifying excessive stress, there is a gap in knowledge in assessing medium-level stresses. It has been proven that intermittent exposure to medium-level stress decreases not only performance but also concentration and focus. This research attempts to identify multiple levels of worker stress using signals recorded from a wearable EEG headset by applying two supervised learning algorithms, multi-class support vector machines (SVM) and fully connected neural network (FCNN). A stress-related hormone, cortisol, was used as a baseline to label subjects' stress levels. In classifying three levels of stress, the FCNN yielded a prediction accuracy of 79.26%, which is competitive with previous EEG-based stress recognition methods in a binary setting. This research should help in identifying multiple levels of stress at construction sites and aid early detection and mitigation of high stress in the field. | construction industry - electroencephalography - learning (artificial intelligence) - medical signal processing - neural nets - occupational stress - support vector machines | multilevel assessment - occupational stress - wearable EEG headset - worker stress - interrupt workers - strong assessments - subjects - authors - wearable electroencephalography headset - supervised learning algorithms - binary stress level - excessive stress - medium-level stress - stress-related hormone - previous EEG-based stress recognition methods | |
| Overcoming Physical Obstacles with Four-Wheeled Hand Carts: An Evidence-Based Ergonomics Guideline for the Commercial Roofing Trade | Zhenyu Zhang(1); Ken-Yu Lin(1) | Construction Research Congress 2020 - Safety, Workforce, and Education | 2020 | Conference article (CA) | Hand carts are used in nearly every construction trade for material handling. Nonetheless, the use of carts can be strenuous and lead to musculoskeletal injuries. This is particularly the case when carts are used in hazardous working conditions, such as physical obstacles and ramps. Unfortunately, little is known so far about the effects of these physical environmental hazards on cart operations. This study aims at understanding the operating forces required to overcome physical obstacles with a type of four-wheel carts commonly used in the commercial roofing trade. We varied obstacle heights, load weights, space constraints, and tire types in the laboratory experiment to reveal how hazardous an obstacle will be under different working circumstances commonly seen on construction sites. The space constraint is identified to be the most significant factor that determines the operating forces required to surmount an obstacle. This finding suggests the necessity of optimizing workplace layout to refrain workers from overcoming obstacles in a constrained space where the travel distance from cart to obstacle is less than 61 cm. An obstacle begins to yield noticeable impeding effect when it is higher than 3.8 cm, and any obstacle less than this threshold is not very hazardous especially when no space constraint is present. In addition, we found that pneumatic (air-filled rubber) tires are more favorable over solid (polyurethane foam-filled rubber) tires in overcoming obstacles and thus can be a convenient solution if it is infeasible to eliminate obstacles. The research findings can be used as reference information to develop numerical standards for manual cart handling, such as safe load restrictions and operating techniques, to increase ergonomics awareness and prevent musculoskeletal injuries in construction. | ergonomics - materials handling - occupational health - personnel - rubber - tyres - wheels | manual cart handling - overcoming obstacles - space constraint - varied obstacle heights - four-wheel carts - operating forces - cart operations - physical environmental hazards - hazardous working conditions - construction trade - commercial roofing trade - evidence-based ergonomics guideline - four-wheeled hand carts - physical obstacles - size 61.0 cm - size 3.8 cm | |
| PPPs for Healthcare Facilities in British Columbia: A Preliminary Analysis | Aziz, A.A.(1); Wenjie Shu(1) | Construction Research Congress 2020 - Project Management and Controls, Materials, and Contracts. Selected Papers from the Construction, Research Congress 2020 | 2020 | Conference article (CA) | The growing demand for high-quality-service health care facilities poses significant challenges for public healthcare agencies. New delivery systems are being investigated to fulfill this need. This research explores how public-private partnerships (PPP) have been used for the development of health care facilities in British Columbia (BC), Canada. BC is known for its significant experience with PPP. The analysis covers the procurement process, risk management, payment mechanism, and performance-based criteria. Using a case study approach, the work was done using content analysis of nine project agreements. It is concluded that for the success of using PPP in healthcare facilities certain issues need to be maintained including, clear vision and objectives of the public owner before preparing the procurement and the agreements, fair and competitive procurement process, good understanding of the typical risks associated with PPP in healthcare and their proper allocation, and the use of performance-based payment mechanism to ensure the quality of the services and the achievement of owner's objectives. The work should provide insights to healthcare facilities in other jurisdictions on how to implement PPP in healthcare facilities. | health care - organisational aspects - procurement - project management - public administration - risk management | competitive procurement process - PPP - performance-based payment mechanism - British Columbia - high-quality-service health care facilities - public-private partnerships - content analysis - public owner - fair procurement - public health care agencies - delivery systems - Canada - risk management - performance-based criteria - project agreements | |
| Recognition of Construction Workers' Physical Fatigue Based on Gait Patterns Driven from Three-Axis Accelerometer Embedded in a Smartphone | Fardhosseini, M.S.(1); Habibnezhad, M.(2); Jebelli, H.(2); Migliaccio, G.(3); Hyun Woo Lee(3); Puckett, J.(4) | Construction Research Congress 2020 - Safety, Workforce, and Education | 2020 | Conference article (CA) | The construction industry is among the most hazardous industries in the United States, associated with a high number of accidents. Workers' fatigue has been recognized as one of the four major causes of fatal incidents in this industry. Therefore, early identification of workers' fatigue in a project could support accident prevention. To this end, the objective of the present study is to develop a framework to detect workers' fatigue by examining their gait patterns measured by a three-axis accelerometer embedded in a smartphone. The application of accelerometer sensors in a smartphone is useful because it can record gait-pattern data at the construction site (not just limited just to a controlled environment). To achieve this objective, five construction workers were asked to participate in this study by recording their gait patterns before and after a fatigue-inducing exercise. Related time features were extracted and selected to train the classifier. Finally, supervised-learning algorithms [e.g., linear and nonlinear support vector machines (SVM)] were adopted to detect workers' fatigue in different working conditions. The study results indicate that workers' fatigue was detected at an accuracy of 87.93% and 82.75% using the linear and nonlinear SVMs, respectively. It is expected that these findings will provide useful guidelines for early prediction of physical fatigue and therefore enable project managers to make informed decisions in improving worker safety. | accelerometers - accident prevention - construction industry - gait analysis - learning (artificial intelligence) - occupational safety - pattern classification - support vector machines | construction workers - gait patterns driven - three-axis accelerometer embedded - smartphone - construction industry - gait-pattern data - fatigue-inducing exercise - physical fatigue - worker safety | |
| Social equity of clean energy policies in electric-vehicle charging infrastructure systems | Yohan Min(1); Hyun Woo Lee(1) | Construction Research Congress 2020 - Infrastructure Systems and Sustainability. Selected Papers from the Construction Research Congress 2020 | 2020 | Conference article (CA) | The recent climate change has led to the development of various clean energy polices and technologies. As a result, the current rapid transition of energy systems due to the development, has the potential to significantly impact on how communities respond to any undesirable climate-related events. However, `energy divide' (inequalities in access to energy services), would be the result of uneven distribution of the clean energy technologies. Empirical analyses of residential electric vehicle (EV) chargers in Seattle, WA, revealed that (1) there is a clustered pattern in the distribution of the EV charger installations, (2) housing stability and economic status explain the uneven distribution, and (3) some neighbors are more sensitive to the economic status and housing stability in terms of residential EV charger installations. The study results revealed social equity issues based on the uneven distribution, i.e., certain communities are underserved for the clean energy technologies. The study results will help policy makers to better support any underserved communities (e.g., those who rent houses and have less finance for EV and charger) under limited resources by devising equitable incentive distributions in response to clean energy technologies. | electric vehicle charging - electric vehicles - environmental factors - government policies - power system economics | clean energy policies - electric-vehicle charging infrastructure systems - energy services - uneven energy distribution - housing stability - WA - Seattle - climate change - social equity issues - economic status - residential electric vehicle chargers - clean energy technologies | |
| The Cost-Effectiveness of Integrating Digital Fabrication for Concrete Formworks | Fardhosseini, M.S.(1); Karji, A.(1); Dossick, C.S.(1); Hyun Woo Lee(1); Jebelli, H.(2); Beatty, S.(3) | Construction Research Congress 2020 - Computer Applications | 2020 | Conference article (CA) | Digital fabrication has significant potential to support concrete formwork in the construction industry. While previous studies have been done on digital fabrication in construction, few empirical investigations have taken into account the cost-effectiveness of digital fabrication, which is a crucial factor. Currently, the percevied high initial cost of digital fabrication equipment makes companies reluctant to change their traditional approach. To address this knowledge gap, this study aims to determine the financial benefits of using digital technology in fabrication. Specifically, the study focuses on the use of a computer-numerical controlled (CNC) machine that can be used to automate formwork fabrication. To examine the cost-effectiveness of using a CNC machine for concrete formworks, a case study was carried out based on the prefabrication of edge formwork for a 26-story post-tensioned, cast-in-place structure. The study results indicate that the use of a CNC machine for formwork fabrication could help substantially improve labor productivity, fabrication quality, and worker safety, each of which led to a significant cost saving in the project. The study results provide evidence of the advantages of digital fabricatoin over the traditional approach and support project teams to make informed decisions when implementing digital fabrication. | buildings (structures) - computerised numerical control - concrete - construction components - construction industry - costing - occupational safety - product quality - production engineering computing - productivity - structural engineering | cost-effectiveness - concrete formwork - digital fabrication equipment - digital technology - computer-numerical controlled machine - CNC machine - fabrication quality - cost saving - construction industry - financial benefits - post-tensioned structure - cast-in-place structure - labor productivity - worker safety | |
| Messy work in virtual worlds: exploring discovery and synthesis in virtual teams | Dossick, Carrie Sturts(1) | Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) | 2014 | Journal Article | The challenges of engineering team collaboration—establishing trust, fostering productive informal communication, cultivating knowledge exchange—are often exacerbated in virtual teams by geographical separation as well as team members’ cultural and linguistic differences. Researchers have observed that powerful collaboration in collocated teams is supported by shared visualizations with which the team engages in informal, flexible and active ways. In studying virtual team interactions in a virtual world known as the CyberGRID, we see that just as with AEC collocated teams, shared visualizations were instrumental for the teams as they define, understand, and generate knowledge when working on interrelated tasks. Emerging from this analysis is an empirically supported theory that while avatar-model interaction supports mutual discovery, more messy interactions of brainstorming, knowledge exchange and synthesis requires flexible, active, and informal shared visualizations. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014. | Communication - Flow visualization - Information technology - Knowledge management - Visualization | Building Information Model - BIM - Collaboration - Geographical separation - Global virtual teams - Informal communication - Linguistic differences - Virtual team interactions - Virtual worlds | |
| Research methods associated with situational simulations in construction | Mukherjee, Amlan(1); Onder, Nilufer(2); Rojas, Eddy M.(3) | Building a Sustainable Future - Proceedings of the 2009 Construction Research Congress | 2009 | Conference article (CA) | Situational simulations create temporally dynamic clinical exercises of construction project scenarios that expose participants to rapidly unfolding events and the pressures of decision-making. They further construction research and education, by providing an interactive simulation platform that can be used to explore "what-if" construction scenarios, estimate risks and contingencies, test alternative plans during construction, and support the capture and analysis of real-time project data to support expert decision-making. The design, development, and use of situational simulations calls upon an inter-disciplinary approach which includes methodologies that are rooted in modeling of discrete event systems, intelligent planning, statistical data mining and cognitive psychology. We trace the development of two related situational simulation systems, the Virtual Coach and the Interactive Construction Decision-Making Aid (ICDMA) that have been developed by research groups at University of Washington and Michigan Tech. with technical support from industry. Over the last five years, the simulations have significantly evolved in their abilities to represent and reason about construction projects, as tools that enhance construction education and as experimental test beds that can be used to study construction decision-making. The research efforts have resulted in different aspects of this research to be funded by two funding agencies. ©; ASCE 2009. | Cognitive systems - Data mining - Discrete event simulation - Risk assessment - Risk perception | Cognitive psychology - Construction education - Construction projects - Construction research - Intelligent planning - Interactive simulations - Situational simulation - University of Washington | |
| The realities of building information modeling for collaboration in the aec industry | Dossick, Carrie S.(1); Neff, Gina(2); Homayouni, Hoda(3) | Building a Sustainable Future - Proceedings of the 2009 Construction Research Congress | 2009 | Conference article (CA) | In this paper, we will report on how the introduction of a new technology, Building Information Models (BIM), is in the process of changing collaboration among architects, engineers, and builders. Using a multi-method study of comparative case studies and triangulation interviews, we have observed two building projects over an eight-month period, interviewed architects, engineers, general contractors and subcontractors, and we are able to create generalizable grounded theory about technology-supported collaboration. This rich ethnographic data enables the analysis of the ramifications of the existing frameworks of standards of practice and occupational boundaries for collaboration, and allowed us to identify the potential of new technology to change these frameworks. Technology is always embedded in a social context, and its successful adoption depends upon that context. Some in the building design and construction industry are pushing for new technological advancements along side collaborative delivery methods, but there remain a number of organizational questions that must be addressed, particularly in how to engage second and third tier consultants, suppliers and subcontractors who are not part of the primary architect-owner-contractor agreements. Where delivery methods alone will not address the inter-organizational challenges, strategies such as co-location support a stronger team orientation to the project through informal communication. © ASCE 2009. | Construction - Construction industry - Contractors - Information theory | Building Information Model - BIM - Building projects - Delivery methods - General contractors - Grounded theory - Informal communication - Inter-organizational - Technological advancement | |
| Leed certification: A constructor's perspective | Schaufelberger, John(1); Cloud, Joshua(2) | Building a Sustainable Future - Proceedings of the 2009 Construction Research Congress | 2009 | Conference article (CA) | The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) green building rating system has been gaining increased attention. Considerable literature has been published that describes the roles of the owner and designer, but little research has been published on the role of the constructor. To identify issues relative to the constructor's role, a study was undertaken to assess past experiences of builders that have undertaken LEED-certified projects. Contractors who built 22 projects in ten states were surveyed to determine their experiences. From the survey results, the trends, best practices, and lessons learned were compiled and evaluated. The study results indicated that integrated project delivery methods were more conducive to the delivery of LEED-certified projects than was a design-bid-build approach. Through analysis of the data collected, a four-step guide was developed that can be used by constructors who are considering working on LEED-certified projects. Copyright ASCE 2009. | Construction - Energy efficiency - Project management - Surveys - Sustainable development | Best practices - Design-bid-build approaches - Green buildings - Green constructions - Integrated project deliveries - Leadership in energy and environmental designs - Sustainable construction | |
| Developing effective visual representations to monitor project performance | Lee, Namhun(1); Rojas, Eddy M.(2) | Building a Sustainable Future - Proceedings of the 2009 Construction Research Congress | 2009 | Conference article (CA) | During construction, project managers constantly review actual project performance and resolve any discrepancies between as-planned and as-built progress. However, it is not always easy to perform these activities since numerous individuals and parties are involved in a typical project. This is where visual representations may be helpful. Several charts and diagrams have been traditionally used in construction to visually track performance. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of traditional visual representations such as bar charts, network diagrams, line of balance charts, and S-curve graphs, and introduces a set of design principles for the development of non-traditional visual representations to effectively monitor project performance. The paper closes with examples of new visualization schemes built according to those principles. © ASCE 2009. | Construction - Graphic methods - Production control | Bar chart - Design Principles - Line of balances - Network diagrams - Non-traditional - Project managers - Project performance - Visual representations | |
| Construction of engineering domain ontology through extraction of knowledge from domain handbooks | Lin, Hsien-Tang(1); Hsieh, Shang-Hsien(1,2); Chou, Kuang-Wu(2); Lin, Ken-Yu(3) | Proceedings of the 2009 ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering | 2009 | Conference article (CA) | Domain ontology, encompassing both concepts and entities, along with their relations and properties, is a new medium for the storage and propagation of domain specific knowledge. For all of its associated advantages, a great deal of effort must still be expended during ontology construction, including collecting the domain-related vocabularies, developing the domain concept hierarchy, defining the properties of each concept and relationships between concepts. In recent years, several engineering handbooks have described detailed domain knowledge via organization into categories, sections, and chapters with indices in the appendix. In this paper, an approach is proposed with a view to extracting concepts, entities, properties and relationships from a handbook of a specific domain. The extracted information can then be reorganized and converted into OWL (Web Ontology Language) format to represent the domain ontology. The generation of an earthquake engineering ontology from an Earthquake Engineering Handbook is used to illustrate the proposed approach. © 2009 ASCE. | Birds - Computer aided engineering - Earthquake engineering - Engineering geology - Geophysics - Ontology | Domain concepts - Domain knowledge - Domain ontologies - Domain-specific knowledge - Engineering domains - Extracting concept - Ontology construction - Web ontology language | |
| Developing optimal hazard investment strategies | El-Adaway, Islam H.(1); El-Anwar, Omar H.(2) | Construction Research Congress 2010: Innovation for Reshaping Construction Practice - Proceedings of the 2010 Construction Research Congress | 2010 | Conference article (CA) | There has been a significant increase in natural disasters that have negatively affected the U.S. economy in recent decades. The Government Accountability Office reported that the U.S. is not well prepared to manage large-scale natural disasters either through emergency response or financial relief. It is essential to develop integrated post-disaster investment strategies that avoid many of the pitfalls that have been observed following recent catastrophic events. This paper proposes a conceptual framework to build theoretical foundation and demonstrate technologies for creating a decision support system for optimizing stakeholders' resource allocation in natural hazards. The proposed framework will: (1) minimize the total costs associated with implementing such investment strategies and (2) maximize the uniformity of welfare distribution among all associated parties. This would provide broad members of the emergency management community as well as policy makers with easy-to-use preparedness and decision support tool, which would help in creating better societal financial resilience towards natural hazards. Copyright 2010 ASCE. | Artificial intelligence - Decision making - Decision support systems - Decision theory - Disaster prevention - Disasters - Economics - Investments - Research - Risk management - Strategic planning | Catastrophic event - Conceptual frameworks - Decision support tools - Emergency management - Emergency response - Government accountability offices - Investment strategies - Investment strategy - Multi agent simulation - Natural disasters - Natural hazard - Policy makers - Post-disaster financial relief - Theoretical foundations - Total costs | |
| Optimizing alternative housing projects in the aftermath of natural disasters | El-Anwar, Omar(1) | Construction Research Congress 2010: Innovation for Reshaping Construction Practice - Proceedings of the 2010 Construction Research Congress | 2010 | Conference article (CA) | In 2006 the U.S. Congress appropriated $400 million to the Department of Homeland Security to support post-disaster alternative housing pilot programs as a possible substitution to the highly criticized temporary housing programs. One of the main objectives of these programs is to provide quick and permanent housing solutions to displaced families. Decisions on alternative housing should be carefully analyzed because of their significant impacts on (1) socioeconomic welfare of displaced families; and (2) available budgets for post-disaster housing recovery. This paper presents the development of an optimization model capable of identifying the optimal alternative housing plans that maximizes the net social benefits of these programs. This is achieved by striking a balance between the added social benefits to displaced families provided by alternative housing and the corresponding associated costs. An application example is analyzed to demonstrate the use of the proposed model and its capabilities in maximizing net social benefits. Copyright ASCE 2010. | Disasters - Optimization - Recovery - Research | Alternative housing - Application examples - Associated costs - Department of Homeland Security - Housing programs - Housing projects - Natural disasters - Optimal alternative - Optimization models - Pilot programs - Post-disaster recovery - Significant impacts - Social benefits - Temporary housing | |
| An automated collaborative framework to develop scenarios for slums: Upgrading projects according to implementation phases and construction planning | Anwar, O.E.(1); Aziz, T.A.(2) | Congress on Computing in Civil Engineering, Proceedings | 2011 | Conference article (CA) | Slums are informal areas that are illegally developed on property of the State with no physical planning. Accordingly, governments adopt various intervention strategies to replace or upgrade these slums. However, implementing these strategies is often faced by several planning and constructability challenges, because the slums areas that should be upgraded (1) are already occupied by resident families; and (2) are often characterized by unplanned and extremely crowded transportation networks. Accordingly, the construction period of these upgrade projects can result in significant social disruption to resident families and requires protracted timelines and additional budgets. The objective of this paper is to present a multi-objective optimization model that is capable of accelerating the delivery of urgent redevelopments while minimizing construction costs and socioeconomic disruptions to slum dwellers. An application example is presented to demonstrate the model capabilities and is followed by a discussion of formulation challenges. © 2011 ASCE. | Automation - Budget control - Multiobjective optimization - Planning - Project management | Application examples - Collaborative framework - Construction management - Construction planning - Implementation phasis - Intervention strategy - Multi-objective optimization models - Transportation network | |
| Preparing for a new madrid earthquake: Accelerating and optimizing temporary housing decisions for shelby County, TN | El-Anwar, Omar(1); El-Rayes, Khaled(2); Elnashai, Amr(2) | Congress on Computing in Civil Engineering, Proceedings | 2011 | Conference article (CA) | In the early 1800s Central USA has experienced some of the strongest earthquake ground motions observed nationwide. A recurrence of these earthquakes would cause significant social and economic impacts affecting the lives of millions of residents. For instance, it is estimated that more than 60,000 families will need temporary housing assistance in Shelby County, TN, alone. Identifying temporary housing solutions for these families will be a challenging task, especially with the need for quick decisions. The objective of this paper is to present a case study that illustrates the use of automated multi-objective optimization in identifying optimal large-scale temporary housing plans for displaced families in Shelby County. These optimal plans have the potential to (1) minimize social and economic disruptions for displaced families; (2) maximize housing safety in the presence of a large number of potential post-disaster hazards; (3) minimize negative environmental impacts; and (4) minimize total public expenditures. © 2011 ASCE. | Economic and social effects - Emergency services - Environmental impact - Housing - Multiobjective optimization | Earthquake ground motions - Optimal plan - Post disasters - Public expenditures - Social and economic impacts - Tennessee | |
| Using the workforce's physiological strain monitoring to enhance social sustainability of construction | Gatti, Umberto(1); Scharrer, Amelia(1); Migliaccio, Giovanni C.(2); Bogus, Susan M.(1) | ICSDC 2011: Integrating Sustainability Practices in the Construction Industry - Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Design and Construction 2011 | 2012 | Conference article (CA) | Construction safety is a critical component of social sustainability, since it considers the health and welfare of construction workers. Construction activities are generally physically demanding and performed in harsh environments. Anecdotal evidence suggests that physical strain may lead to accidents and injuries. Moreover, excessive physical strain can increase the risk of developing musculoskeletal or cardiovascular disorders. Thus, physical strain may deeply affect workforce's wellbeing in the short and long term. Therefore, a monitoring system that is able to assess workers' physical strain may be an important step to enhance social sustainability of construction. Recently-introduced Physiological Status Monitors (PSMs) have overcome the past limitations allowing physical strain to be monitored without hinders workers' activities. Three commercially-available PSMs have been selected and a testing protocol has been developed to assess PSMs' reliability in monitoring construction workforce during dynamic activities. The selected PSMs are presented along with initial results that confirm that recent advances in wireless telemetry and sensing technology can potentially affect construction sustainability. © 2012 ASCE. | Accident prevention - Construction industry - Monitoring - Personnel - Physiology - Project management - Safety engineering | Anecdotal evidences - Construction activities - Construction management - Construction workers - Monitoring construction - Physiological status monitors - Physiological strains - Social sustainability | |
| Construction to operations exchange: Challenges of implementing COBie and BIM in a large owner organization | Anderson, Anne(1); Marsters, Andrew(2); Dossick, Carrie Sturts(3); Neff, Gina(4) | Construction Research Congress 2012: Construction Challenges in a Flat World, Proceedings of the 2012 Construction Research Congress | 2012 | Conference article (CA) | Despite the transition from paper to digital media, hand-off of data and documents from construction to operations and facilities management is still cumbersome and often requires manual entry and duplication of effort. This paper presents initial findings from an ongoing pilot project that began in spring 2011 on a digital information exchange standard called COBie (Construction Operations Building Information Exchange). Through interviews with key participants, we analyze existing practices as well as proposed changes to be made to these practices. Across a large organization, digital information is not trusted - nor is information neutral. Information is connected to particular jurisdictions who currently control the creation and management of their own datasets. We found that despite availability of digital information, people generally prefer to obtain information from colleagues with direct knowledge of the project or from paper documents. Digital information was considered to be either too difficult to access or not viewed as trustworthy since digital data was not consistently maintained. As more digital information is amassed, including information from COBie and building information models, organizational cultures and practices need to be developed around these new datasets. © 2012 ASCE. | construction - construction industry - information management - organisational aspects | COBie - BIM - large owner organization - hand-off of data - facilities management - operations management - digital information exchange - construction operations building information exchange - building information models - organizational cultures | |
| Creating a community-based housing response pool | El-Anwar, Omar(1); Chen, Lei(2) | Construction Research Congress 2012: Construction Challenges in a Flat World, Proceedings of the 2012 Construction Research Congress | 2012 | Conference article (CA) | Following disasters, housing is a principal component of economic and buildings losses. Traditional interim housing programs have been criticized for their inability to (1) adequately address the socioeconomic needs of displaced families; and (2) control expenditures. The objective of this paper is to present a new housing framework that can revolutionize the current understanding of post-shelter housing from an overly expensive, socially disruptive activity to a capacity building process. The proposed framework supports the development of a community-based housing response pool that can (1) transform the one-size-fits-all housing assistance to a customized need-tailored approach, while (2) supporting local businesses to recover. This paper presents the development of two key modules within the proposed framework, including (1) an automated data acquisition module; and (2) a data mapping module to match available housing characteristics and locations to fulfill the social, emotional, and economic needs of displaced families. Moreover, this paper discusses the need to develop (1) an IT-based collaboration system among multiple localities and agencies; and (2) a real-time housing procurement system. The proposed framework should prove useful to emergency management agencies in (1) utilizing available housing resources; and (2) quantifying the need to construct/install additional interim housing within the affected communities. © 2012 ASCE. | Data acquisition - Disasters - Optimization - Risk management | Automated data acquisition - Capacity building - Collaboration systems - Emergency management - Housing characteristic - Housing programs - Post disasters - Principal Components | |
| Developing 3D safety training materials on fall related hazards for limited english proficiency (LEP) and low literacy (LL) construction workers | Lin, K.Y.(1); Migliaccio, G.(1); Azari, R.(2); Lee, C.H.(3); De La Llata, J.(1) | Congress on Computing in Civil Engineering, Proceedings | 2012 | Conference article (CA) | Construction has been one of the most dangerous industries, with fall being the most common type of hazards. Meanwhile, about one fourth to one third of the industry's taskforce is composed of Hispanic workers, many of whom lack proficiency in English, and/or have limited literacy. Limited literacy and lack of English proficiency are not specific to Hispanic workers and serve as critical barriers in effective safety education and training. The paper presents the developmental efforts and lessons learned of six 3D visualized and scenario-based training case materials that use minimum amount of text descriptions. Common cases that involve construction fall hazards from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Fatalities Assessment and Control Evaluation (FACE) program were analyzed and modeled in a 3D video game platform referencing the effective training strategies from Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Using 3D simulated virtual job sites in safety training is expected to reduce the required level of language proficiency and literacy, and increase the understanding as well as learning interests of those in construction who can't speak or read much English. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. | computer based training - computer games - construction industry - data visualisation - hazards - natural languages - occupational health - occupational safety - personnel - text analysis | 3D safety training material development - fall-related hazards - limited English proficiency construction workers - LEP construction workers - low literacy construction workers - LL construction workers - Hispanic workers - safety education - safety training - 3D visualized training case materials - scenario-based training case materials - text descriptions - construction fall hazards - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health - NIOSH - Fatalities Assessment and Control Evaluation program - FACE program - 3D video game platform - Occupational Safety and Health Administration - OSHA - 3D simulated virtual job sites | |
| Using wearable physiological status monitors for analyzing the physical strain-productivity relationship for construction tasks | Gatti, U.C.(1); Migliaccio, G.C.(2); Bogus, S.M.(1); Schneider, S.(3) | Congress on Computing in Civil Engineering, Proceedings | 2012 | Conference article (CA) | Anecdotal evidence suggests that physical strain may negatively affect workforce productivity and safety performance. Thus, an effective management of construction workforce physical strain could be very beneficial in improving construction productivity and safety. However, clear relationships between physical strain, safety, and productivity have yet to be established because of limitations in data collection procedures and technologies. This research has utilized recent innovations in sensing and communication technology to investigate the physical strain vs. productivity relationship. Data collected by physiological status monitors were analyzed through regression analysis that adopted heart rate as predictor of physical strain. Productivity and heart rate data of seven subjects performing a four-hour, simulated construction task were collected. The analysis showed that heart rate is a significant predictor with a strong parabolic relationship with productivity. Therefore, this research provided evidence of the physical strain vs. productivity relationship and, for the first time, proposed a mathematical formulation of such a relationship. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. | Heart - Occupational risks - Personnel - Regression analysis - Safety engineering - Wearable technology | Anecdotal evidences - Communication technologies - Construction productivity - Construction workforces - Effective management - Mathematical formulation - Physiological status monitors - Safety performance | |
| Efficient analysis and optimization of reconstruction plans for damaged transportation networks following disasters | El-Anwar, Omar(1); Ye, Jin(2); Orabi, Wallied(3) | Computing in Civil Engineering - Proceedings of the 2013 ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering | 2013 | Conference article (CA) | Planning for post-disaster reconstruction of damaged transportation networks is a complex and computationally expensive effort. Decision makers need to prioritize the use of limited resources to maximize societal benefit through accelerated traffic services restoration, which involves evaluating numerous recovery scenarios. This paper presents a new model that enables efficient analysis and optimization of the post-disaster reconstruction of transportation networks that is capable of identifying optimal reconstruction plans using reasonable computational overhead. The model employs a number of search space reduction techniques using mixed linear-integer programming and goal programming-inspired approaches in order to explore the large space of possible alternative solutions. Each of these solutions is comprised of a set of interdependent variables, including (1) contractors selection; and (2) the start dates of reconstruction projects and their constituent work packages. An application example is used to demonstrate the new model's superior computational performance compared to recent research developments. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. | integer programming - linear programming - maintenance engineering - optimisation - planning - research and development - transportation | efficient analysis - reconstruction plan optimization - transportation networks - post-disaster reconstruction planning - decision makers - traffic services restoration - search space reduction techniques - research developments - linear integer programming | |
| On effective text classification for supporting job hazard analysis | Chi, N.W.(1); Lin, K.Y.(2); Hsieh, S.H.(1) | Computing in Civil Engineering - Proceedings of the 2013 ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering | 2013 | Conference article (CA) | The construction industry is known to be dangerous and is featured by fatal occupational hazards. Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) is a common approach to mitigate and control these occupational hazards. It analyzes major tasks in a construction activity, identifies all the potential task related hazards, and suggests means to reduce or avoid each potential hazard. Because every project is unique, an effective JHA must consider the conditions specific to the project instead of reusing previous JHAs directly. To this end, JHA requires the participation of experienced construction practitioners and becomes a time-consuming and brain-draining task. While expert involvement is necessary during JHA development, the authors would like to explore the possibility of leveraging existing construction safety resources in order to reduce the required human efforts. This paper presents an approach based on text classification to support the automation of JHA. It uses the CPWR construction solutions database as an example to demonstrate how text classification can be applied to match the database documents with predefined safety violation scenarios and identify potentially useful safety approaches. This paper also discusses how different strategies were tested to optimize the effectiveness of the proposed text classification approach. The results indicate that although some of the classification strategies cannot make obvious progress on the effectiveness, the effectiveness of the text classification without optimization is good enough to support JHA. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. | construction industry - database management systems - hazards - occupational safety - production engineering computing | text classification - job hazard analysis - construction industry - fatal occupational hazard mitigation - hazard reduction - hazard avoidance - construction safety resources - CPWR construction solutions database - database documents | |
| Achieving higher energy efficiency in high-performance buildings using integrated practices: A fuzzy set-qualitative comparative analysis approach | Homayouni, Hoda(1); Dossick, Carrie Sturts(2); Neff, Gina(2) | Construction Research Congress 2014: Construction in a Global Network - Proceedings of the 2014 Construction Research Congress | 2014 | Conference article (CA) | High-performance (HP) buildings are known for the holistic approach to design and construction project delivery, which encompasses various performance goals, such as energy efficiency, environmental considerations, and occupants' well-being. Compared to traditional buildings, HP projects require closer integration in the design and construction process. Researchers have used conventional qualitative analysis to identify successful strategies in facilitating integration, and quantitative methods of research to rank such techniques in order of effectiveness. However, there have not been significant attempts in evaluating the joint causal effect of such strategies and uncovering the causal mechanisms that underlie successful HP projects. Utilizing a new methodology called fuzzy set-qualitative comparative analysis (fs-QCA), we analyzed the configurations of integration strategies used in more than 30 HP projects. We found that the four elements of setting ambitious environmental goals, having committed and trustworthy team members, using advanced information management technologies, and early and frequent involvement of the key team members create a sufficient recipe for achieving a high level of energy efficiency. Our analysis also shows that in the presence of these elements, contractual agreements do not produce a necessary element, as contractual barriers can be overcome with leadership, information systems, and work processes that engender an environment of trust, openness, and ambition. © 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. | building management systems - buildings (structures) - construction - contracts - design engineering - energy conservation - fuzzy set theory - information management - project management | high-performance buildings - construction project delivery - energy efficiency - environmental considerations - occupant well- being - HP projects - HP building design - construction process - fuzzy set-qualitative comparative analysis - fs-QCA - environmental goals - advanced information management technologies - contractual barriers - leadership - information systems | |
| Field use of physiological status monitoring (PSM) to identify construction workers' physiologically acceptable bounds and heart rate zones | Lee, Wonil(1); Migliaccio, Giovanni C.(1) | Computing in Civil and Building Engineering - Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering | 2014 | Conference article (CA) | The construction environment affects workers' physical responses as well as individual and crew-level performance. Previous research has analyzed the relationship between worker performance and severe environments. This paper reports initial results and a process for establishing reliable, physiologically acceptable bounds and heart rate (HR) zones for construction workers. Five workers at the same building jobsite agreed to wear a Physiological Status Monitoring (PSM) system for several days while at work. HR data were collected to identify physiologically acceptable bounds and HR zones as practical threshold-based guidelines in construction. Since HR is affected by various external variables, daily video recordings and weather data were also collected and used to explain results. © ASCE 2014. | cardiology - construction industry - occupational health - patient monitoring - physiology | field use - construction environment - worker physical responses - crew-level performance - worker performance - severe environments - physiologically acceptable bounds - heart rate zones - HR zones - construction workers - building jobsite - physiological status monitoring system - PSM system - HR data - threshold-based guidelines - daily video recordings - weather data | |
| Serious games for the learning and practices of hazard recognition: Understanding the design complexity for 3D construction site modeling | Lee, Wonil(1); Lin, Ting-Hui(2); Castronovo, Fadi(3); Lin, Ken-Yu(1) | Computing in Civil and Building Engineering - Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering | 2014 | Conference article (CA) | Among the various construction safety and health (S&H) training methods, 3D digital game-based learning is believed to have a great potential. This method can combine various educational strategies to engage learners that have grown up with computer gaming. To this end, an increasing number of 3D serious games have been developed for the learning of construction S&H. However, developing a virtual construction-site simulation for serious gaming is a tedious process. Little has been done to understand the simulation parameters that should be controlled in order to adequately represent the dynamics of a construction site and, as a result, to influence student learning. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand and prioritize the 3D construction-site simulation parameters for learning hazard recognition. In the paper, the researchers reported their findings on the S&H game design framework as an initial step to identify how simulation parameters such as texture, lighting, and animation could align with game contents and positively affect student learning. A future experiment for validating each parameter was also introduced. The researchers expect that the final research outcomes will enable construction education stakeholders to better understand and manage the design complexity of 3D construction-site modeling for S&H serious games. © ASCE 2014. | civil engineering computing - computer animation - computer based training - engineering education - health and safety - serious games (computing) - virtual reality | 3D construction site modeling - construction safety and health training methods - construction S&H training methods - 3D digital game-based learning - educational strategies - computer gaming - 3D serious games - construction S&H learning - virtual construction-site simulation - construction site dynamics - student learning - 3D construction-site simulation parameters - hazard recognition learning - S&H game design framework - texture - lighting - animation - game contents - construction education - design complexity - S&H serious games | |
| Advancing in building information modeling (BIM) contracting: Trends in the AEC/FM industry | Abdirad, Hamid(1) | AEI 2015: Birth and Life of the Integrated Building - Proceedings of the AEI Conference 2015 | 2015 | Conference article (CA) | BIM, as a best practice in the AEC/FM industry, provides a new set of processes and technologies in construction projects to improve productivity and reduce waste. Despite the significant growth in BIM adoption and research on technological aspects of BIM, far too little attention has been paid to research on BIM contracting. So far, two industry leading organizations (AIA and AGC) have developed standard forms of agreement for BIM contracting. However, many projects have used custom manuscripts to satisfy their special contractual needs, and the existing literature has not dealt with these industry-wide trends of BIM contracting. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine custom developed contracts in order to trace advances in BIM contracting. Through a detailed analysis of custom manuscripts, this research demonstrates that there are several areas of contracting that standard forms have not addressed. These include but are not limited to (1) requirements for BIM process inputs (e.g. BIM staff competencies), (2) requirements for BIM process management (e.g. BIM quality assurance and quality control, a metric based BIM processing assessment), (3) requirements for information modeling (e.g. landscape, facility management), and (4) requirements for data security (e.g. corruption of files, and data misuse). This study has practical implications for BIM implementation and future developments of inclusive BIM standard agreements. © 2015 ASCE. | Contracts - Human resource management - Information theory - Office buildings - Productivity - Quality assurance - Quality control - Security of data | Best practices - Building Information Model - BIM - Construction projects - Facility management - Information Modeling - Process inputs - Process management - Technological aspects | |
| Advancing in object-based landscape information modeling: Challenges and future needs | Abdirad, Hamid(1); Lin, Ken-Yu(2) | Congress on Computing in Civil Engineering, Proceedings | 2015 | Conference article (CA) | The AEC/FM industry has benefited from the innovative integration of information technologies and industry-wide processes in different lifecycle stages of facilities. Building Information Modeling (BIM), as one of these innovations, is fast becoming a key approach to virtually integrate the required information for facility design, construction, and management. So far, applications and benefits of using BIM tools and processes in building design and construction have been documented in research. However, landscape design and construction practice is underrated in current BIM developments and in integrated design-construction practices, and it has not benefited from the advantages BIM provides to the industry at different scales. This could result in a critical challenge, as BIM implementation and information modeling are becoming mandatory in many projects in public and private sectors, and the gap still exists in the processes of collaboration and information exchange between the landscape design and construction practice and other disciplines. As an early step to mitigate this challenge, this study shows that recent advances in BIM, COBie, information-exchange schemas (e.g. IFC), and taxonomies such as OmniClass have shortcomings in addressing landscape and hardscape elements and attributes. This challenge limits asset-management capabilities, and leads the practice to inefficient operations, more manual processes, and costly knowledge development and exchange. These findings have important implications for revising and updating existing taxonomies to support more automated information development and exchange processes. © 2015 ASCE. | civil engineering computing - electronic data interchange | object-based landscape information modeling - BIM - Building Information Modeling - COBie - information-exchange schemas - taxonomies - OmniClass - asset-management capabilities - knowledge development - knowledge exchange - automated information development | |
| The Effectiveness of AR (Augmented Reality) Technology in Acquiring Information on Job-site Task. | Yong-Woo Kim; Wonil Lee; Eom, Ryan J. | ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings | 2015 | Conference article (CA) | Acquiring information from drawings and specifications is one of the fundamental skills for construction laborers and students in a construction-related domain. The research assessed the users' experiences in apprehending tasks, including interpreting drawing and specifications using an NFC-AR system. Three different surveys were designed and executed: a pre-test survey, a survey about AR usability, and one about the efficiency of delivering directives. The survey results were analyzed separately for comparison between groups using paper-based drawings and specifications, and those used AR groups. The findings from experiments suggest that the AR method was more effective in the students' apprehension of the tasks involving drawings and specifications when compared to the paper-based method. They also show that the level of students' understanding was consistent when the AR system was used, whereas students using the paper method had varied levels of understanding that depended upon the skills of the frontline manager. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2015. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=116026353&site=ehost-live | ||
| Remote construction worker location, activity and safety monitoring | Migliaccio, Giovanni(1); Gatti, Umberto(2); Teizer, Jochen(3) | Proceedings of the 28th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, ISARC 2011 | 2011 | Conference article (CA) | Data fusion can be defined as a process for integrating information from multiple and heterogeneous sources to obtain a composite and augmented inference about the state of an entity. Data fusion has been successfully applied in several fields. Its usefulness is becoming evident for the enhancement of automated and remote monitoring systems of construction sites. Current technology allows the development of integrated systems able to autonomously and remotely document and track work site operations. Applications have so far focused on tracking material and equipment. Little work has been done on continuous remote monitoring of construction workers. This paper addresses the benefits and limitations of two remote sensing technologies: Physiological Status Monitors (PSMs) and Ultra Wide Band (UWB) systems, which allow real-time tracking of construction workers' location and physiological status. The scope of this paper is to evaluate the possibility of fusing data from a PSM and an UWB system to obtain an augmented knowledge of workers' status and so compensate for existing limitations. Thus, the research team is developing and testing an algorithm that is able to process the collected data to establish the position, the activity, and the safely behavior of the monitored subjects during simulated construction tasks. | Agricultural robots - Broadband networks - Data fusion - Physiology - Real time systems - Remote control - Remote sensing - Robotics | Automated data collection and analysis - Heterogeneous sources - Integrating information - Physiological status - Physiological status monitors - Remote monitoring system - Remote sensing technology - Ultrawideband systems | |
| Best practices in design process development for accelerated construction project delivery | Ptschelinzew, Lourdes R.(1); Minchin, R. Edward(1); Migliaccio, Giovanni C.(2); Atkins, Kenneth E.(3); Hostetler, Gregg A.(3); Warne, Tom R.(4); Nettuno, Greg(5) | ISEC 2013 - 7th International Structural Engineering and Construction Conference: New Developments in Structural Engineering and Construction | 2013 | Conference article (CA) | The traditional system for highway delivery has served the public well for over 60 years. The foundation of this system, often called Design-bid-build (DBB), is the principle of selecting designers based on qualifications and selecting construction contractors based on competitive sealed bids. Though successful in the main, this process can foster adversarial relationships, limit innovation, result in high cost and time growth, and may not necessarily provide the best-value to the owner. In recent years, these issues have become a more pressing concern for highway agencies in the US, as deteriorating infrastructure and an increasing population have created pressure to move critical projects quickly from planning, through design, and into construction, without a cost increase. The wide range of options for project delivery available today is a recent development for publicly funded highway projects in the US. Design-Build (DB) was introduced in the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991. After the successful experience with DB, many states passed legislation to allow alternative project delivery methods, such as DB and Construction Manager/General Contractor (CMGC). In the rush to construct projects faster, the need to change the design process was a subject that did not receive proper attention. This paper, based on research sponsored by the US Federal Highway Administration, discusses and documents findings on these and other facets of the research. Copyright © 2013 by Research Publishing Services. | Contractors - Highway administration - Highway engineering - Intermodal transportation - Managers - Model buildings - Structural design | Accelerated constructions - Construction manager - Design build - Design process - Fast tracks - Project delivery | |
| Is it true that high risk yields high returns in international construction projects? | Jung, Wooyong(1); Han, Seung-Heon(1); Kim, Yong-Woo(2); Choi, Jaechul(1) | ISEC 2011 - 6th International Structural Engineering and Construction Conference: Modern Methods and Advances in Structural Engineering and Construction | 2011 | Conference article (CA) | Two contradictory assertions have been made in the field of international construction risk. One is that high-risk projects should yield high-returns, as in the field of financial investment. The other maintains that high-risk projects have a likelihood of increasing cost overruns, thereby decreasing profitability. This study is aimed at testing empirically these contradictory hypotheses on the basis of utility theory.We investigated 137 international construction projects carried out by 14 Korean contractors in 34 countries. This survey examined contingency, planned overhead and profit, cost overruns, and profit rate. Furthermore, the level of 71 risk factors was evaluated before and after starting construction. This study reveals that projects predicted as high-risk have a slight tendency to appropriate high contingency and planned overhead profit, but moderately experience cost overruns, thereby having a slight negative relationship with profits. In addition, projects that actually experience high-risk events after the start of construction trigger strongly cost overruns, thereby significantly lowering profitability. These results mean that the rules of "high risk, high return" should not be equally applied to the field of international construction. Although these results can be varied if the concept of return is extended to other values, such as obtaining know-how and future opportunities, this study contributes to evaluating the risk behavior for international construction projects. Copyright © 2011 by Research Publishing Services. | Profitability - Structural design - Technology transfer | Contingency - Cost variance - High-returns - International construction - Profit rate - Risk behavior | |
| Study on the Ownership of Motorized and Non-motorized Vehicles in Suburban Metro Station Areas: A Structural Equation Approach (vol 2, pg 47, 2016) | Pan, Haixiao; Li, Jing; Chen, Peng | URBAN RAIL TRANSIT | 2016 | Correction | ||||
| Coupled human and natural systems: The evolution and applications of an integrated framework | Liu, Jianguo;Dietz, Thomas;Carpenter, Stephen R;Taylor, William W;Alberti, Marina;Deadman, Peter;Redman, Charles;Pell, Alice;Folke Carl;Ouyang Zhiyun;Lubchenco, Jane | Ambio | 2021 | Editorial | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/coupled-human-natural-systems-evolution/docview/2560959905/se-2?accountid=14784 | |||
| Coupled human and natural systems: The evolution and applications of an integrated framework: This article belongs to Ambio's 50th Anniversary Collection. Theme: Anthropocene. | Liu, Jianguo; Dietz, Thomas; Carpenter, Stephen R.; Taylor, William W.; Alberti, Marina; Deadman, Peter; Redman, Charles; Pell, Alice; Folke, Carl; Ouyang, Zhiyun; Lubchenco, Jane | AMBIO - A Journal of the Human Environment | 2021 | Editorial | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=151900082&site=ehost-live | |||
| IN THE WEST, DESIGN/BUILD PRACTITIONERS WERE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE PIONEERS | STREATFIELD, DC | LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE | 1992 | Editorial Material | ||||
| Orenco Station, Portland, Oregon: A successful transit oriented development experiment? | Bae, CHC | TRANSPORTATION QUARTERLY | 2002 | Editorial Material | ||||
| Rainier Vista from the AYP to the University of Washington | Ochsner, Jeffrey Karl | PACIFIC NORTHWEST QUARTERLY | 2009 | Editorial Material | ||||
| VERSAILLES'S VERY OWN | Way, Thaisa | LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE | 2014 | Editorial Material | ||||
| Research Notes: Design for Mobility Intercity Bus Terminals in the Puget Sound Region | Ochsner, Jeffrey Karl; Rash, David A. | BUILDINGS & LANDSCAPES-JOURNAL OF THE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE FORUM | 2017 | Editorial Material | ||||
| The impact of globalization on urban development - Guest editors' comments | Bae, CHC; Richardson, HW | ANNALS OF REGIONAL SCIENCE | 2003 | Editorial Material | ||||
| Guest Editorial to the Special Issue: Lessons Learned from post-2008 Wenchuan Earthquake Community Recovery | Olshansky, Robert; Xiao, Yu; Abramson, Daniel | NATURAL HAZARDS | 2020 | Editorial Material | RECONSTRUCTION; PLANS; CHINA | |||
| Land use problems facing fast growing region | Pivo, G | LAND USE POLICY | 1997 | Editorial Material | ||||
| Closure to is construction labor productivity really declining? by Eddy M. Rojas and Peerapong Aramvareekul | Rojas, EM | JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT | 2005 | Editorial Material | ||||
| Sustainability in an urbanizing planet. | Seto, Karen C.; Golden, Jay S.; Alberti, Marina; Turner, B. L., II | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | 2017 | Journal Article | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=124770828&site=ehost-live | |||
| Balancing History and Development in Seattle's Pike/Pine Neighborhood Conservation District | Chalana, Manish | JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION | 2016 | Editorial Material | ||||
| Framing the question: is shrinking good or bad? | Moudon, Anne Vernez | Journal of Urban Design | 2019 | Journal Article | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/framing-question-is-shrinking-good-bad/docview/2168889936/se-2?accountid=14784 | |||
| Our Own Power to Act | Purcell, Mark | PLANNING THEORY & PRACTICE | 2017 | Editorial Material | ||||
| Revisiting critical GIS | Thatcher, Jim; Bergmann, Luke; Ricker, Britta; Rose-Redwood, Reuben; O'Sullivan, David; Barnes, Trevor J.; Barnesmoore, Luke R.; Imaoka, Laura Beltz; Burns, Ryan; Cinnamon, Jonathan; Dalton, Craig M.; Davis, Clinton; Dunn, Stuart; Harvey, Francis; Jung, Jin-Kyu; Kersten, Ellen; Knigge, LaDona; Lally, Nick; Lin, Wen; Mahmoudi, Dillon; Martin, Michael; Payne, Will; Sheikh, Amir; Shelton, Taylor; Sheppard, Eric; Strother, Chris W.; Tarr, Alexander; Wilson, Matthew W.; Young, Jason C. | ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING A | 2016 | Editorial Material | ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE; GEOGRAPHY; INFORMATION; SECURITY; NUMBERS; FUTURE | |||
| Architecture for Health Is Not Just for Healthcare Architects. | Dannenberg, Andrew L.; Burpee, Heather | Health Environments Research & Design Journal (HERD) (Sage Publications, Ltd.) | 2018 | Journal Article | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=129931043&site=ehost-live | |||
| Selected photographs from Codex Gunnison | Baumann, Hans | DIACRITICS-A REVIEW OF CONTEMPORARY CRITICISM | 2017 | Editorial Material | ||||
| The 'Islamic' from a Global Historiographical Perspective | Prakash, Vikramaditya | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE | 2017 | Editorial Material | global history; trans-modernism; modernity; globalization; Carl Sagan | |||
| Applying Design Lessons from an Ecosystem Engineer | Yocom, Ken P. | ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION | 2020 | Editorial Material | ||||
| An introduction to planning China's communities: between people and place | Smith, Nick R.; Abramson, Daniel B.; Shih, Mi | INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING REVIEW | 2019 | Editorial Material | This introductory essay to the special issue on community development and planning in contemporary China outlines the contours of a 'community turn' in the nation's urban planning and policy. We trace the historical roots and contemporary debates of community development and planning in China with reference to three problematics that run through the articles in this special issue - community, people and place. We explore how community is defined, how people are interpellated and engaged in planning and development processes, and how the specificity of place is dealt with in China's predominantly top-down system of governance. The increasing socio-spatial unevenness of China's urban and rural communities has demanded a diversification of community-level planning modes, approaches and participants, exposing the limitations of the party-state's continuing scientistic paternalism. | CIVIL-SOCIETY; HOMEOWNERS ASSOCIATIONS; SELF-ORGANIZATION; STATE; NEIGHBORHOODS; GOVERNANCE; TRANSITION; ELECTIONS; DEMOCRACY; NETWORKS | China; community; community development; community planning; place-specificity | |
| Opinion: Change Agency, Value Change. | Cheng, Renee | Architect | 2020 | Journal Article | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=146758778&site=ehost-live | |||
| An alternative pedagogic model for doctoral research in urban design. | Moudon, Anne Vernez | Journal of Urban Design | 2016 | Essay | This essay presents an alternative to the traditional pedagogic model for urban design doctoral education where, as found in the humanities, individual students work solo, advised by a small faculty committee. Derived from the sciences, the alternative model integrates the student into a collaborative, multidisciplinary research laboratory setting, which provides access to the now extensive geospatial data on the built environment and on a range of behaviors. After apprenticing in spatial data analysis, individual students advance selected aspects of on-going lab research projects. The alternative model expands urban design thinking to research on salient issues faced by today's cities. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=118090522&site=ehost-live | ||
| An introduction to planning China's communities: between people and place | Smith, Nick R;Abramson, Daniel B;Shih, Mi | International Development Planning Review | 2019 | General Information | This introductory essay to the special issue on community development and planning in contemporary China outlines the contours of a ‘community turn’ in the nation’s urban planning and policy. We trace the historical roots and contemporary debates of community development and planning in China with reference to three problematics that run through the articles in this special issue – community, people and place. We explore how community is defined, how people are interpellated and engaged in planning and development processes, and how the specificity of place is dealt with in China’s predominantly top-down system of governance. The increasing socio-spatial unevenness of China’s urban and rural communities has demanded a diversification of community-level planning modes, approaches and participants, exposing the limitations of the party-state’s continuing scientistic paternalism. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/introduction-planning-chinas-communities-between/docview/2250947869/se-2?accountid=14784 | Community planning , Urban planning , Rural areas , Urban planning , Paternalism , Rural areas , Urban planning , Rural communities , Community development , Community development , Community development , Governance , Community development , Unevenness , Rural communities , Community development , Urban planning , Urban planning , Diversification , Paternalism , Rural communities , Community development , Governance , Contours , China | |
| EDIBLE LANDSCAPE | HAAG, R | LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE | 1980 | Journal Article | ||||
| A NEW ERA IN SOVIET DESIGN | RICE, AR; ROBERTS, DM | LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE | 1988 | Journal Article | ||||
| BEHAVIORAL DISTURBANCE, COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION, AND FUNCTIONAL SKILL - PREVALENCE AND RELATIONSHIP IN ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE | TERI, L; BORSON, S; KIYAK, HA; YAMAGISHI, M | JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY | 1989 | Journal Article | ||||
| CHAMBERLIN,A.B. - THE ILLUSTRATION OF SEATTLE ARCHITECTURE, 1890-1896 | OCHSNER, JK | PACIFIC NORTHWEST QUARTERLY | 1990 | Journal Article | ||||
| ARCHITECTURE FOR SEATTLE SCHOOLS, 1880-1900 | OCHSNER, JK; ANDERSEN, DA | PACIFIC NORTHWEST QUARTERLY | 1992 | Journal Article | ||||
| Stormwater ponds - Constructed stormwater ponds can significantly soften the impact of development on the hydrologic regime-and provide aesthetic benefits as well | MacElroy, WP; Winterbottom, D | LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE | 2000 | Journal Article | ||||
| Up on a pedestal - Pedestal-mounted decking systems provide a relatively new approach to rooftop access | MacElroy, WP; Winterbottom, D | LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE | 2000 | Journal Article | ||||
| Stone veneer site walls - Some notes on their art and craft | MacElroy, WP; Winterbottom, D | LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE | 2001 | Journal Article | ||||
| Building to learn, Part II - Reflections on a decade of developing a design/build program | Winterbottom, D | LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE | 2003 | Journal Article | ||||
| Modern or traditional? Lionel H. Pries and architectural education at the University of Washington, 1928-1942 | Ochsner, JK | PACIFIC NORTHWEST QUARTERLY | 2005 | Journal Article | ||||
| Differences and dialogic learning in a collaborative virtual design studio | Hou, Jeffrey; Kang, Min-Jay | OPEN HOUSE INTERNATIONAL | 2006 | Journal Article | With the ability of linking distant partners and diverse bodies of students and faculty, virtual design studios provide unique opportunities for examining cultural, contextual, and methodological differences in design and design collaboration. However, most evaluations of virtual design studio in the recent literature hove focused primarily on technical and operational issues. In contrast, the social and cultural dimensions of virtual design studio and their pedagogical implications hove not been adequately examined. To address this gap, this article examines the experience and outcomes of a recent virtual design studio involving international collaboration between faculty and student partners. Specifically, it looks of how presence of differences and process of dialogic learning create pedagogical opportunities in a collaborative 'virtual' environment. Based on the case study, this article argues that through dialogues, collaboration, and negotiation of cultural, contextual and methodological differences, collaborative virtual design studio offers an alternative to traditional design studio based on the primacy of individual practice and the master-apprentice model of learning. By creatively utilizing the collaborative environment involving diverse partners, virtual design studio con foster a critical understanding of cross-cultural design process and the significance of dialogues and negotiation in design. | virtual design studio; difference; dialogic learning; pedagogy; design collaboration | ||
| From ethnic enclave to multi-ethnic translocal community: Contested identities and urban design in seattle's Chinatown-International District | Abramson, Dan; Manzo, Lynne; Hou, Jeffrey | JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING RESEARCH | 2006 | Journal Article | This paper explores how multicultural politics and the geography of immigration present challenges,for the consideration of place identity in community planning and design in older ethnic neighborhoods. Seattle historic Chinatown-Internalional District (C-ID), a prime example of on urban space shaped by changing multi-ethnic immigration patterns, provides the case through which these issues are examined. Through this case study the authors find that success planning in multi-ethnic communities explicitly recognizes their various cultural identities, accounts for differences between resident and non-resident stakeholders, and focuses design attention on accentuating community cores rather than on defining boundaries of territories. This allows for multiple cultural identities to be acknowledged and represented without any one group's history or identity being undermined or sacrificed. | LOS-ANGELES; SPATIALITY; CITY | ||
| Ballard Library and Neighborhood Service Center-Seattle, WA | Merlino, Kathryn Rogers | PLACES-A FORUM OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN | 2008 | Journal Article | ||||
| Climate Change and Place | Rottle, Nancy; Alberti, Marina | PLACES-A FORUM OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN | 2008 | Journal Article | ||||
| How not to revitalize an icon | Maryman, Brice; Umbanhowar, Elizabeth | LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE | 2008 | Journal Article | ||||
| The Pay Streak Spectacle Representations of Race and Gender in the Amusement Quarters of the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition | Chalana, Manish | PACIFIC NORTHWEST QUARTERLY | 2008 | Journal Article | ||||
| Victor Steinbrueck Finds His Voice From the Argus to Seattle Cityscape | Ochsner, Jeffrey Karl | PACIFIC NORTHWEST QUARTERLY | 2008 | Journal Article | ||||
| A Practical Equation for Elastic Modulus of Concrete | Noguchi, Takafumi; Tomosawa, Fuminori; Nemati, Kamran M.; Chiaia, Bernardino M.; Fantilli, Alessandro R. | ACI STRUCTURAL JOURNAL | 2009 | Journal Article | Many empirical equations for predicting the modulus of elasticity as a function of compressive strength can be found in the current literature. They are obtained from experiments performed on a restricted number of concrete specimens subjected to uniaxial compression. Thus, the existing equations cannot cover the entire experimental data. This is due to the fact that mechanical properties of concrete are highly dependent on the types and proportions of binders and aggregates. To introduce a new reliable formula, more than 3000 data sets, obtained by many investigators using various materials, have been collected and analyzed statistically. The compressive strengths of the considered concretes range from 40 to 160 MPa (5.8 to 23.2 ksi). As a result, a practical and universal equation, which also takes into consideration the types of coarse aggregates and mineral admixtures, is proposed. | HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE; COARSE-AGGREGATE | analysis; coarse aggregates; compressive strength; high-strength concrete; modulus of elasticity; normal-strength concrete; water-cement ratio | |
| Classicizing the Wilderness Washington State's Forestry Building at the 1909 AYP | Merlino, Kathryn Rogers | PACIFIC NORTHWEST QUARTERLY | 2009 | Journal Article | ||||
| LANDSCAPES OF HOME, LANDSCAPES OF ESCAPE | Winterbottom, Daniel | LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE | 2009 | Journal Article | ||||
| Lighted Fair Is Magic Landscape The AYP at Night | Sprague, Tyler S. | PACIFIC NORTHWEST QUARTERLY | 2009 | Journal Article | ||||
| You may have heard of artist Fritz Haeg's edible, landseapes, but what about Rich Haag's delicious home garden? | Way, Thaisa | LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE | 2009 | Journal Article | ||||
| Assessing Multifamily Residential Parking Demand and Transit Service | Rowe, Daniel H.; Bae, Chang-Hee Christine; Shen, Qing | ITE JOURNAL-INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERS | 2010 | Journal Article | This study examined the relationship of multifamily residential parking demand and transit level of service in Two King County, WA, USA, Urban Centers: First Hill/Capitol Hill (FHCH) and redmond. In addition, current parking policies were assessed for their ability to meet the observed parking demand, and an alternative method to collect parking demand data was explored. | |||
| Assessment of Data Quality for Evaluations of Manual Pavement Distress | Bogus, Susan M.; Migliaccio, Giovanni C.; Cordova, Arturo A. | TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD | 2010 | Journal Article | Assessment of the conditions of current assets is a task of major relevance in a transportation agency asset management program It not only provides information on the current condition of the asset but also helps the agency make decisions on future maintenance and rehabilitation activities Although low volume roadways represent a large proportion of the total road network in the United States little research on the management of these assets has been done Two major data collection techniques are used for roadway condition assessment manual and automated Although automated techniques have been found to be safer and quicker manual condition surveys have been proven to offer preciseness and cost effectiveness In the case of low volume roadway assessment for which the funds available to asset managers are limited manual condition surveys are often preferred Nevertheless manual condition surveys must address the potential subjectivity of the results Therefore agencies could benefit from a system for ensuring quality on manual condition surveys This paper proposes a framework for assessment of data quality and presents a case study of its implementation in the Northern New Mexico Pavement Evaluation Program The proposed framework is easily implementable and able to identify potential and actual data collection issues The framework can be used as part of an asset management program and could be particularly beneficial in the case of low volume roads | INTERRATER RELIABILITY; AGREEMENT; RATINGS | ||
| BUILDING BOSNIA | Winterbottom, Daniel | LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE | 2010 | Journal Article | ||||
| Regional Governance, Local Fragmentation, and Administrative Division Adjustment: Spatial Integration in Changzhou | Zhen, Feng; Shen, Qing; Jian, Boxiu; Zheng, Jun | CHINA REVIEW-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL ON GREATER CHINA | 2010 | Journal Article | Although the current practice of administrative division adjustment in China may help to facilitate regional governance and urbanization economies, it does not effectively resolve the fundamental conflicts between the central city and surrounding county-level cities. This paper examines the impacts of administrative division adjustment on economic development in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, by focusing on the city's development zones. It identifies major problems in the development zones and explores the major institutional, policy, sociocultural, and spatial planning factors underlying these problems. It further proposes several approaches for the spatial integration of development zones, from the perspectives of institution, policy, and space, with broader implications that go well beyond the Changzhou case. | RIVER DELTA; TRANSITION | ||
| The Emergence of Naramore, Bain, Brady & Johanson and the Search for Modern Architecture in Seattle, 1945-1950 | Ochsner, Jeffrey Karl; Rash, David A. | PACIFIC NORTHWEST QUARTERLY | 2012 | Journal Article | ||||
| Beauty, Versatility, Practicality: the Rise of Hyperbolic Paraboloids in post-war America (1950-1962) | Sprague, Tyler S. | CONSTRUCTION HISTORY-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE CONSTRUCTION HISTORY SOCIETY | 2013 | Journal Article | The hyperbolic paraboloid was relatively unknown in the United States prior to 1950 but, by 1962, it had gained widespread recognition and acceptance among practising and academic architects, structural engineers and builders. Aligning with the architectural trends and structural capabilities of the post-war era, hyperbolic paraboloids were used to construct everything from churches to warehouses and residences to gas stations. They could be constructed in many different ways and built with different materials including reinforced concrete, plywood and aluminium. The hyperbolic paraboloid became synonymous with innovation and experimentation in construction technology. This paper reviews the people and buildings that influenced the rise in popularity of the hyperbolic paraboloid forms, traces different construction practices used to build them in the post-war Americas, and tracks their emergence as a built form that characterised the American post-war era. | Hyperbolic paraboloid; construction innovation; aluminium; plywood; concrete construction; formwork; USA; 1950s | ||
| HOUSE-T | Oshima, Ken Tadashi | ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW | 2013 | Journal Article | ||||
| Domain knowledge-based information retrieval for engineering technical documents | Shang-Hsien Hsieh(1); Ken-Yu Lin(2); Nai-Wen Chi(1); Hsien-Tang Lin(1) | Ontology in the AEC Industry. A Decade of Research and Development in Architecture, Engineering and Construction | 2015 | Journal Article | Technical documents with complicated structures are often produced in architecture/engineering/construction (AEC) projects and research. Information retrieval (IR) techniques provide a possible solution for managing the ever-growing volume and contexts of the knowledge embedded in these technical documents. However, applying a general-purpose search engine to a domain-specific technical document collection often produces unsatisfactory results. To address this problem, we research the development of a novel IR system based on passage retrieval techniques. The system employs domain knowledge to assist passage partitioning and supports an interactive concept-based expanded IR for technical documents in an engineering field. The engineering domain selected in this case is earthquake engineering, although the technologies developed and employed by the system should be generally applicable to many other engineering domains that use technical documents with similar characteristics. We carry out the research in a three-step process. In the first step, since the final output of this research is an IR system, as a prerequisite, we created a reference collection which includes 111 earthquake engineering technical documents from Taiwan's National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering. With this collection, the effectiveness of the IR system can be further evaluated onceit is developed. In the second step, the research focuses on creating a base domain ontology using an earthquake-engineering handbook to represent the domain knowledge and to support the target IR system with the knowledge. In step three, the research focuses on the semantic querying and retrieval mechanisms and develops the OntoPassage approach to help with the mechanisms. The OntoPassage approach partitions a document into smaller passages, each with around 300 terms, according to the main concepts in the document. This approach is then used to implement the target domain knowledge-based IR system that allows users to interact with the system and perform concept-based query expansions. The results show that the proposed domain knowledge-based IR system can achieve not only an effective IR but also inform search engine users with a clear knowledge representation. | architecture - construction - engineering - knowledge based systems - ontologies (artificial intelligence) - query processing - search engines | knowledge representation - concept-based query expansions - base domain ontology - earthquake engineering - general-purpose search engine - AEC projects - architecture/engineering/construction projects - complicated structures - technical documents - domain knowledge-based information retrieval | |
| Products of Place The Era of Reinforced-Concrete Skyscrapers in Seattle, 1921-1931 | Sprague, Tyler S. | PACIFIC NORTHWEST QUARTERLY | 2015 | Journal Article | ||||
| Meditations on the Empty Chair: The Form of Mourning and Reverie | Ochsner, Jeffrey Karl | AMERICAN IMAGO | 2016 | Journal Article | VIETNAM-VETERANS-MEMORIAL; PHOTOGRAPHY; THOUGHTS | |||
| The Emergence of Regional Modernism in Seattle Architecture From the 1930s to the 1950s | Ochsner, Jeffrey Karl | PACIFIC NORTHWEST QUARTERLY | 2016 | Journal Article | ||||
| VISITOR CENTER DESIGN RESEARCH BASED ON RESILIENCE THEORY. | Ren Hong; Wang Peng; Cai Weiguang; Li Dandan; Du Yongjie; Sun Junqiao; Abramson, Daniel | OPEN HOUSE INTERNATIONAL | 2016 | Journal Article | Visitor center plays an important role in the normal operation and sustainable development of scenic spots, especially as a portal image of its management. This paper presents resilience theory for visitor centers to identify some common issues in designing visitor centers in China scenic spots, including the lack of function, loss of architectural characteristics, and difficultly in adapting to changes in the number of visitors with periodic variations. The framework of resilience theory was set from four dimensions, namely, resilience and match in the composition of ontology function, the extended function, integration of buildings into the surrounding environment, and alternative construction technologies and materials. This theory was explained and analyzed with the application of the theory in practice in combination with the design of Mount Hua visitor center. Results showed that resilience theory yields good application effect. | Resilience Theory; Visitor Center; Design Research; Function Space | ||
| CyberGRID: a virtual workspace for architecture, engineering, and construction | Taylor, J.E.(1); Alin, P.(2); Anderson, A.(3); Çomu, S.(4); Dossick, C.S.(5); Hartmann, T.(6); Iorio, J.(7); Mahalingam, A.(8); Mohammadi, N.(9) | Transforming Engineering Education: Innovative, Computer-Mediated Learning Technologies | 2018 | Journal Article | Projects in the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry frequently involve a large number of firms that increasingly span national boundaries. National boundary spanning by AEC firms engaged in complex, interdependent work introduces coordination challenges because stakeholders may not share the same language, culture or work practices. These types of firms have begun to explore the use of technologies that can meaningfully create productive work connections between the distributed participants 47 and help improve work coordination and execution. In this chapter, we describe the CyberGRID (Cyber-enabled Global Research Infrastructure for Design); a virtual workspace designed to support geographically distributed AEC work coordination and execution. The CyberGRID was created as a research tool to both enable and study virtual AEC teamwork. We summarize findings from multiple experiments over the jive year history of CyberGRID research and development. These findings help to improve our understanding of interactional dynamics among virtual teams in complex sociotechnical systems like the CyberGRID. We then discuss the challenges faced in developing the CyberGRID and in achieving widespread adoption of such tools in the industry. We close the chapter with a discussion of future research opportunities to develop improved sociotechnical systems to better support the execution of AEC projects. Our goal with this chapter is to argue that sociotechnical systems like the CyberGRID can fundamentally and positively transform the interactional dynamics of AEC project stakeholders to create more efficient global virtual work practices. | civil engineering computing - construction industry - data visualisation - groupware - project management - team working - virtual reality | CyberGRID - virtual workspace - construction - engineering - national boundaries - national boundary spanning - AEC firms - complex work - interdependent work - coordination challenges - culture - productive work connections - chapter - Global Research Infrastructure - geographically distributed AEC work coordination - research tool - virtual AEC teamwork - virtual teams - complex sociotechnical systems - future research opportunities - improved sociotechnical systems - AEC projects - AEC project stakeholders - efficient global virtual work practices | |
| Work Zone Intrusion: Technology to Reduce Injuries & Fatalities | Nnaji, Chukwuma;Gambatese, John;Lee, Hyun Woo | Professional Safety | 2018 | Journal Article | WZIAT was first introduced to work zones in 1995 following a Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP)-sponsored study (Agent & Hibbs, 1996). Since the SHRP program, several WZIATs have been developed, evaluated by departments of transportation (DOTs) and implemented in work zones on many highway projects. [...]the researchers investigated the potential usefulness of WZIATs on reported fatal work zone intrusion cases. [...]the researchers identified and evaluated work zone fatality cases captured in the NIOSH Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation (FACE) program to determine whether WZIATs could have prevented the reported fatalities. [...]construction and maintenance workers are provided additional reaction time if an intrusion occurs before the activity zone. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/work-zone-intrusion-technology-reduce-injuries/docview/2023370680/se-2?accountid=14784 | Research , Fatalities , Highway construction , Injury prevention , Traffic accidents & safety , Automobile safety , Roads & highways , Transportation planning , Electronic mail systems , Researchers , Intrusion , General contractors , Occupational health , Vehicles , Studies , Workers , Employees , Construction industry , Traffic control , United States--US , Canada , Kansas , Oregon | |
| A Mixed VR and Physical Framework to Evaluate Impacts of Virtual Legs and Elevated Narrow Working Space on Construction Workers Gait Pattern [arXiv] | Habibnezhad, M.(1); Puckett, J.(1); Fardhosseini, M.S.(2); Pratama, L.A.(2) | arXiv | 2019 | Journal Article | It is difficult to conduct training and evaluate workers' postural performance by using the actual job site environment due to safety concerns. Virtual reality (VR) provides an alternative to create immersive working environments without significant safety concerns. Working on elevated surfaces is a dangerous scenario, which may lead to gait and postural instability and, consequently, a serious fall. Previous studies showed that VR is a promising tool for measuring the impact of height on the postural sway. However, most of these studies used the treadmill as the walking locomotion apparatus in a virtual environment (VE). This paper was focused on natural walking locomotion to reduce the inherent postural perturbations of VR devices. To investigate the impact of virtual height on gait characteristics and keep the level of realism and feeling of presence at their highest, we enhanced the first-person-character model with "virtual legs". Afterward, we investigated its effect on the gait parameters of the participants with and without the presence of height. To that end, twelve healthy adults were asked to walk on a virtual loop path once at the ground level and once at the 17th floor of an unfinished structure. By quantitatively comparing the participants' gait pattern results, we observed a decrease in the stride length and increase in the gait duration of the participants exposed to height. At the ground level, the use of the enhanced model reduced participants' average stride length and height. The results of this study help us understand users' behaviors when they were exposed to elevated surfaces and establish a firm ground for gait stability analysis for the future height-related VR studies. We expect this developed VR platform can generate reliable results of VR application in more construction safety studies. | civil engineering computing - construction industry - gait analysis - medical computing - occupational safety - virtual reality | construction safety studies - mixed VR - virtual legs - construction workers gait pattern - virtual reality - immersive working environments - postural instability - serious fall - postural sway - walking locomotion apparatus - natural walking locomotion - inherent postural perturbations - VR devices - virtual height - first-person-character model - gait parameters - virtual loop path - stride length - gait duration - gait stability analysis - safety concerns - VR platform - height-related VR studies | |
| Endowments and Minority Homeownership | Acolin, Arthur; Lin, Desen; Wachter, Susan M. | CITYSCAPE | 2019 | Journal Article | Fifty years after the adoption of the 1968 Fair Housing Act that prohibits discrimination in the housing market, homeownership rates have not increased for Black or Hispanic households. The current homeownership rate for Black households is 42 percent, identical to the 1970 census reported level, and 48 percent for Hispanic households, lower than that in 1970. Using data from the 1989, 2005, and 2013 American Housing Surveys, we identify the extent to which group differences in household endowments account for persistently low minority homeownership levels. | BORROWING CONSTRAINTS; HOUSEHOLD FORMATION; RACE; WEALTH; TRENDS; RATES | ||
| Experiencing Extreme Height for The First Time: The Influence of Height, Self-Judgment of Fear and a Moving Structural Beam on the Heart Rate and Postural Sway During the Quiet Stance [arXiv] | Habibnezhad, M.(1); Puckett, J.(1); Fardhosseini, M.S.(2); Jebelli, H.(3); Stentz, T.(1); Pratama, L.A.(1) | arXiv | 2019 | Journal Article | Falling from elevated surfaces is the main cause of death and injury at construction sites. Based on the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reports, an average of nearly three workers per day suffer fatal injuries from falling. Studies show that postural instability is the foremost cause of this disproportional falling rate. To study what affects the postural stability of construction workers, we conducted a series of experiments in the virtual reality (VR). Twelve healthy adults, all students at the University of Nebraska were recruited for this study. During each trial, participants heart rates and postural sways were measured as the dependent factors. The independent factors included a moving structural beam (MB) coming directly at the participants, the presence of VR, height, the participants self-judgment of fear, and their level of acrophobia. The former was designed in an attempt to simulate some part of the steel erection procedure, which is one of the key tasks of ironworkers. The results of this study indicate that height increase the postural sway. Self-judged fear significantly was found to decrease postural sway, more specifically the normalized total excursion of the center of pressure (TE), both in the presence and absence of height. Also, participants heart rates significantly increase once they are confronted by a moving beam in the virtual environment (VE), even though they are informed that the beam will not hit them. The findings of this study can be useful for training novice ironworkers that will be subjected to height and steel erection for the first time. | biocontrol - biomechanics - construction industry - ergonomics - injuries - mechanoception - medical computing - occupational safety - personnel - statistical analysis - virtual reality | extreme height - moving structural beam - heart rate - postural sway - injury - construction sites - Labor Statistics reports - fatal injuries - postural instability - foremost cause - disproportional falling rate - postural stability - construction workers - participants heart rates - height increase - moving beam | |
| Toward a Cross-Platform Framework: Assessing the Comprehensiveness of Online Rental Listings | Costa, Ana; Sass, Victoria; Kennedy, Ian; Roy, Roshni; Walter, Rebecca J.; Acolin, Arthur; Crowder, Kyle; Hess, Chris; Ramiller, Alex; Chasins, Sarah | CITYSCAPE | 2021 | Journal Article | Research on rental housing markets in the United States has traditionally relied on national or local housing surveys. Those sources lack temporal and spatial specificity, limiting their use for tracking short-term changes in local markets. As rental housing ads have transitioned to digital spaces, a growing body of literature has utilized web scraping to analyze listing practices and variations in rental market dynamics. Those studies have primarily relied on one platform, Craigslist, as a source of data. Despite Craigslist's popularity, the authors contend that rental listings from various websites, rather than from individual ones, provide a more comprehensive picture. Using a mixed-methods approach to study listings across various platforms in five metropolitan areas, this article demonstrates considerable variation in both the types of rental units advertised and the features provided across those platforms. The article begins with an account of the birth and consolidation of online rental platforms and emergent characteristics of several selected websites, including the criteria for posting, search parameters, search results priority, and first-page search results. Visualizations are used to compare features such as the 40th percentile of rent, rent distribution, and bedroom size based on scraped data from six online platforms (Padmapper, Forrent.com , Trulia, Zillow, Craigslist, and GoSection8), 2020 Fair Market Rents, and 2019 American Community Survey data. The analyses indicate that online listing platforms target different audiences and offer distinct information on units within those market segments, resulting in markedly different estimates of local rental costs and unit size distribution depending on the platform. | https://www.jstor.org/stable/27039965 | ||
| Genetic structure of natural populations of California red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) using multiple genetic markers | Gruenthal, K M;Acheson, L K;Burton, R S | Marine biology | 2007 | Journal Article | Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit one (COI) sequence, nuclear microsatellites, and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) were used to evaluate connectivity among nine red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) populations sampled between August 1998 and November 2003 along approximately 1,300 km of California coastline from Crescent City (41°46′N, 124°12′W) to San Miguel Island (34°02′N, 120°22′W). COI sequences and microsatellite genotypes did not show significant genetic divergence among nine sampled populations. A subset of five populations spanning the geographic range of the study was scored for 163 polymorphic AFLP markers. Of these, 41 loci showed significant divergence (P < 0.001) among populations. Still, no AFLP markers were diagnostic for any of the study populations, and assignment tests did not consistently assign individuals to the correct population. Although the AFLP data are the first to suggest there is significant genetic differentiation among California red abalone populations, the discordance between the different genetic markers needs further study before unambiguous conclusions can be drawn with respect to connectivity among the populations. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/genetic-structure-natural-populations-california/docview/2221064183/se-2?accountid=14784 | amplified fragment length polymorphism , coasts , cytochrome-c oxidase , genetic markers , genetic variation , genotype , geographical distribution , Haliotis rufescens , loci , microsatellite repeats , mitochondria , California , California | |
| "Moving Three Times Is Like Having Your House on Fire Once": The Experience of Place and Impending Displacement among Public Housing Residents | Manzo, Lynne C;Kleit, Rachel G;Couch, Dawn | Urban Studies | 2008 | Journal Article | The HOPE VI programme in the US displaces tens of thousands of low-income households to disperse pockets of poverty and transform sites of `severely distressed' public housing into mixed-income housing. A complete evaluation of this programme's impacts on residents must examine the meanings and functions of these communities before they are dismantled. Therefore, this paper examines residents' lived experiences of place in one site before redevelopment. This socially well-functioning community allowed residents to lay down roots, form place attachments and create bonds of mutual support with neighbours, contrary to typical depictions of severely distressed housing. Implications for US public housing policy and parallels with the discourse on social housing and social inclusion in western Europe illuminate overarching trends in housing policy for the poor. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/moving-three-times-is-like-having-your-house-on/docview/1928341611/se-2?accountid=14784 | Poverty , Intervention , Housing policy , Public housing , Poverty , Households , Households , Public housing , Housing , Housing authorities , Accessories , Public housing , Housing policy , Redevelopment , Dismantling , Urban studies , Households , Households , Residents , Income , Housing policy , Poverty , Public housing , Residents , Low income groups , Social exclusion , Meaning , Impending , Housing policy , Households , Social integration , Redevelopment , Displacement , Poverty , Low income groups , Social exclusion , Public housing , Social support , Housing policy , Public housing , Housing , Housing , Housing policy , United States--US | |
| Is there a limit to bioretention effectiveness? Evaluation of stormwater bioretention treatment using a lumped urban ecohydrologic model and ecologically based design criteria | Wright, Olivia M.; Istanbulluoglu, Erkan; Horner, Richard R.; DeGasperi, Curtis L.; Simmonds, Jim | Hydrological processes | 2018 | Journal Article | In this study, we developed the urban ecohydrology model (UEM) to investigate the role of bioretention on watershed water balance, runoff production, and streamflow variability. UEM partitions the land surface into pervious, impervious, and bioretention cell fractions. Soil moisture and vegetation dynamics are simulated in pervious areas and bioretention cells using a lumped ecohydrological approach. Bioretention cells receive runoff from a fraction of impervious areas. The model is calibrated in an urban headwater catchment near Seattle, WA, USA, using hourly weather data and streamflow observations for 3years. The calibrated model is first used to investigate the relationship between streamflow variability and bioretention cell size that receives runoff from different values of impervious area in the watershed. Streamflow variability is quantified by 2 indices, high pulse count (HPC), which quantifies the number of flow high pulses in a water year above a threshold, and high pulse range (HPR), which defines the time over which the pulses occurred. Low values of these indices are associated with improved stream health. The effectiveness of the modelled bioretention facilities are measured by their influence on reducing HPC and HPR and on flow duration curves in comparison with modelled fully forested conditions. We used UEM to examine the effectiveness of bioretention cells under rainfall regimes that are wetter and drier than the study area in an effort to understand linkages between the degree of urbanization, climate, and design bioretention cell size to improve inferred stream health conditions. In all model simulations, limits to the reduction of HPC and HPR indicators were reached as the size of bioretention cells grew. Bioretention was more effective as the rainfall regime gets drier. Results may guide bioretention design practices and future studies to explore climate change impacts on bioretention design and management. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/is-there-limit-bioretention-effectiveness/docview/2131872613/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Effects of a century of land cover and climate change on the hydrology of the Puget Sound basin | Cuo, Lan; Lettenmaier, Dennis P.; Alberti, Marina; Richey, Jeffrey E. | HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES | 2009 | Journal Article | The Puget Sound basin in northwestern Washington, USA has experienced substantial land cover and climate change over the last century. Using a spatially distributed hydrology model (the Distributed Hydrology-Soil-Vegetation Model, DHSVM) the concurrent effects of changing climate (primarily temperature) and land cover in the basin arc deconvolved. based on land cover maps for 1883 and 2002, and gridded climate data for 1915-2006. It is found that land cover and temperature change effects on streamflow have occurred differently at high and low elevations. In the lowlands, land cover has occurred primarily as conversion of forest to urban or partially urban land use, and here the land cover signal dominates temperature change. In the uplands, both land cover and temperature change have played important roles. Temperature change is especially important at intermediate elevations (so-called transient snow zone), where the winter snow line is most sensitive to temperature change-notwithstanding the effects of forest harvest over the same part of the basin. Model simulations show that current land cover results in higher fall, winter and early spring streamflow but lower summer flow; higher annual maximum flow and higher annual mean streamflow compared with pre-development conditions, which is largely consistent with a trend analysis of model residuals. Land cover change effects in urban and partially urban basins have resulted in changes in annual flow. annual maximum flows, fall and Summer flows. For the upland portion of the basin, shifts in the seasonal distribution of streamflows (higher spring flow and lower summer flow) are clearly related to rising temperatures, but annual streamflow has not changed much. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | PEAK FLOW RESPONSES; UNITED-STATES; RIVER-BASIN; WATER YIELD; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WESTERN CASCADES; STREAMFLOW; FOREST; USA; PRECIPITATION | modeling; land cover change; climate change; streamflow; the Distributed Hydrology-Soil-Vegetation Model (DHSVM) | |
| Effects of mid-twenty-first century climate and land cover change on the hydrology of the Puget Sound basin, Washington | Cuo, Lan; Beyene, Tazebe K.; Voisin, Nathalie; Su, Fengge; Lettenmaier, Dennis P.; Alberti, Marina; Richey, Jeffrey E. | HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES | 2011 | Journal Article | The distributed hydrology-soil-vegetation model (DHSVM) was used to study the potential impacts of projected future land cover and climate change on the hydrology of the Puget Sound basin, Washington, in the mid-twenty-first century. A 60-year climate model output, archived for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), was statistically downscaled and used as input to DHSVM. From the DHSVM output, we extracted multi-decadal averages of seasonal streamflow, annual maximum flow, snow water equivalent (SWE), and evapotranspiration centred around 2030 and 2050. Future land cover was represented by a 2027 projection, which was extended to 2050, and DHSVM was run (with current climate) for these future land cover projections. In general, the climate change signal alone on sub-basin streamflow was evidenced primarily through changes in the timing of winter and spring runoff, and slight increases in the annual runoff. Runoff changes in the uplands were attributable both to climate (increased winter precipitation, less snow) and land cover change (mostly reduced vegetation maturity). The most climatically sensitive parts of the uplands were in areas where the current winter precipitation is in the rain-snow transition zone. Changes in land cover were generally more important than climate change in the lowlands, where a substantial change to more urbanized land use and increased runoff was predicted. Both the annual total and seasonal distribution of freshwater flux to Puget Sound are more sensitive to climate change impacts than to land cover change, primarily because most of the runoff originates in the uplands. Both climate and land cover change slightly increase the annual freshwater flux to Puget Sound. Changes in the seasonal distribution of freshwater flux are mostly related to climate change, and consist of double-digit increases in winter flows and decreases in summer and fall flows. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | JOAQUIN RIVER-BASIN; WATER-RESOURCES; CHANGE IMPACTS; MODEL; SENSITIVITY; TEMPERATURE; PREDICTION; STREAMFLOW; FORECASTS; HUMIDITY | hydrologic prediction; climate change impacts; land cover change impacts | |
| Fostering Collaborative Education through Internet Technologies. | ROJAS, EDDY M. | Journal of Engineering Education | 2001 | Journal Article | This paper focuses on the emerging opportunities available through the Internet to foster collaborative education efforts among institutions of higher education and industry partners. The integration of client-server and peer-to-peer protocols into standard technological platforms can leverage the expertise found at different institutions in order to create a common knowledgebase repository to unlock the creative potential of engineering educators. This paper introduces such a platform for the construction engineering and management domain called "Virtual Coach." Descriptions of the major objectives for the platform are presented as well as explanations of the type of interactive exercises to be supported known as situational simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]; Copyright of Journal of Engineering Education is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=48056615&site=ehost-live | INTERNET in education; HIGHER education; ENGINEERING teachers; TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; COMMUNICATION; WORLD Wide Web | |
| Use of Web-Based Tools to Enhance Collaborative Learning. | ROJAS, EDDY M. | Journal of Engineering Education | 2002 | Journal Article | This paper reports on the implementation of a collaborative learning environment in a graduate course in construction engineering and management at the Department of Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering at the University at Buffalo. This course, which was restructured in 1998, follows a model that could be called "Web-plus" because it takes advantage of Web-centric technologies plus other value-added activities such as studio classes, student's presentations, teamwork, and peer-evaluations to generate a collaborative learning environment following a holistic approach. The paper examines the concept of collaborative learning and how it can be applied in an engineering setting. The pedagogical motivations and cognitive goals behind the implementation of this Web-centric educational model are also explored. A detailed course description is presented including an explanation of MAESTRO, a software tutorial application, a review of the use of virtual portfolios and student-based assessment during formative evaluations. The paper also summarizes the lessons learned from the implementation of this Web-centric educational model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]; Copyright of Journal of Engineering Education is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=48056651&site=ehost-live | COLLABORATIVE learning; GRADUATE education; ENGINEERING education; ONLINE education; EDUCATIONAL cooperation; HIGHER education | |
| Residential Property Values Predict Prevalent Obesity but Do Not Predict 1-Year Weight Change | Drewnowski, Adam; Aggarwal, Anju; Tang, Wesley; Moudon, Anne Vernez | OBESITY | 2015 | Journal Article | ObjectiveLower socio economic status (SES) has been linked with higher obesity rates but not with weight gain. This study examined whether SES can predict short-term weight change. MethodsThe Seattle Obesity Study II was based on an observational cohort of 440 adults. Weights and heights were measured at baseline and at 1 year. Self-reported education and incomes were obtained by questionnaire. Home addresses were linked to tax parcel property values from the King County, Washington, tax assessor. Associations among SES variables, prevalent obesity, and 1-year weight change were examined using multivariable linear regressions. ResultsLow residential property values at the tax parcel level predicted prevalent obesity at baseline and at 1 year. Living in the top quartile of house prices reduced obesity risk by 80% at both time points. At 1 year, about 38% of the sample lost >1 kg body weight; 32% maintained ( 1 kg); and 30% gained >1 kg. In adjusted models, none of the baseline SES measures had any impact on 1-year weight change. ConclusionsSES variables, including tax parcel property values, predicted prevalent obesity but did not predict short-term weight change. These findings, based on longitudinal cohort data, suggest other mechanisms are involved in short-term weight change. | BODY-MASS-INDEX; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; UNITED-STATES; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; KING COUNTY; ASSOCIATION; HEALTH; TRENDS; GAIN; INCOME | ||
| A new method to visualize obesity prevalence in Seattle-King County at the census block level | Drewnowski, A.; Buszkiewicz, J.; Aggarwal, A.; Cook, A.; Moudon, A. V. | OBESITY SCIENCE & PRACTICE | 2018 | Journal Article | Objective The aim of this study is to map obesity prevalence in Seattle King County at the census block level. Methods Data for 1,632 adult men and women came from the Seattle Obesity Study I. Demographic, socioeconomic and anthropometric data were collected via telephone survey. Home addresses were geocoded, and tax parcel residential property values were obtained from the King County tax assessor. Multiple logistic regression tested associations between house prices and obesity rates. House prices aggregated to census blocks and split into deciles were used to generate obesity heat maps. Results Deciles of property values for Seattle Obesity Study participants corresponded to county-wide deciles. Low residential property values were associated with high obesity rates (odds ratio, OR: 0.36; 95% confidence interval, CI [0.25, 0.51] in tertile 3 vs. tertile 1), adjusting for age, gender, race, home ownership, education, and incomes. Heat maps of obesity by census block captured differences by geographic area. Conclusion Residential property values, an objective measure of individual and area socioeconomic status, are a useful tool for visualizing socioeconomic disparities in diet quality and health. | RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY-VALUES; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; HEALTH; ENVIRONMENT; ADULTS | census block; geographic information systems; mapping obesity; SES measures | |
| A cross-sectional analysis of physical activity and weight misreporting in diverse populations: The Seattle Obesity Study III | Buszkiewicz, James; Rose, Chelsea; Gupta, Shilpi; Ko, Linda K.; Mou, Jin; Moudon, Anne, V; Hurvitz, Philip M.; Cook, Andrea; Aggarwal, Anju; Drewnowski, Adam | OBESITY SCIENCE & PRACTICE | 2020 | Journal Article | Background: In-person assessments of physical activity (PA) and body weight can be burdensome for participants and cost prohibitive for researchers. This study examined self-reported PA and weight accuracy and identified patterns of misreporting in a diverse sample. Methods: King, Pierce and Yakima county residents, aged 21-59 years (n= 728), self-reported their moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and weight, in kilograms. Self-reports were compared with minutes of bout-level MVPA, from 3 days of accelerometer data, and measured weights. Regression models examined characteristics associated with underreporting and overreporting of MVPA and weight, the potential bias introduced using each measure and the relation between perceived and measured PA and weight. Results: MVPA underreporting was higher among males and college educated participants; however, there was no differential MVPA overreporting. Weight underreporting was higher among males, those age 40-49 years and persons with obesity. Weight overreporting was higher among Hispanic participants and those reporting stress, unhappiness and fair or poor health. The estimated PA-obesity relation was similar using measured and self-reported PA but not self-reported weight. Perceived PA and weight predicted measured values. Conclusion: Self-reported PA and weight may be useful should objective measurement be infeasible; however, though population-specific adjustment for differential reporting should be considered. | SELF-REPORTED WEIGHT; SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR; VALIDATION; ACCURACY; HEIGHT; ADULTS | Health disparity; obesity; physical activity; self-reported outcomes | |
| Reintegrating the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) in the urban landscape. | Bailey, David R.; Dittbrenner, Benjamin J.; Yocom, Ken P. | WIRES Water | 2019 | Journal Article | In recent decades, ecological restoration and landscape architecture have focused on reintegrating ecological processes in the urban environment to support greater habitat complexity and increase biodiversity. As these values are more broadly recognized, new approaches are being investigated to increase ecosystem services and ecological benefits in urban areas. Ecosystem engineers, such as the North American beaver (Castor canadensis), can create complex habitat and influence ecological processes in natural environments. Through dam building and wetland formation, beaver can create fish habitat, diversify vegetation in riparian zones, and aggrade sediment to increase stream productivity. As beaver populations have increased in urban areas across North America, their presence presents challenges and opportunities. Beaver can be integrated into the design of new and established urban green spaces to improve ecosystem functions. If managed properly, the conflicts that beaver sometimes create can be minimized. In this paper, we examine how landscape architects and restoration ecologists are anticipating the geomorphic and hydrological implications of beaver reintroduction in the design of wetlands and urban natural areas at regional and site levels. We present an urban beaver map and three case studies in Seattle, WA, USA, to identify various approaches, successes, and management strategies for integrating the actions of beaver into project designs. We make recommendations for how designers can capitalize on the benefits of beaver by identifying sites with increased likelihood of colonization, leveraging ecosystem engineers in design conception, designing site features to reduce constraints for the reintroduction and establishment of beaver, and anticipating and managing impacts. This article is categorized under: Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness Engineering Water > Planning Water | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/reintegrating-north-american-beaver-castor/docview/2155830934/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Children as partners in neighborhood placemaking: Lessons from intergenerational design charrettes | Sutton, SE; Kemp, SR | JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY | 2002 | Journal Article | This paper investigates how children can be engaged as active participants in neighborhood placemaking through the use of a design charrette, an intensive, hands-on workshop in which designers and citizens collaborate to solve a community design problem. The charrette methodology has been reconceptualized through the lens of new theoretical perspectives on children, social justice, and spatiality to encompass intergenerational, interskill, and inter-institutional participation. A formative evaluation of two design charrettes provides lessons on the benefits of and barriers to bringing 4th-5th and 9th-12th graders into a partnership with university students, design professionals, and community constituents. Benefits to younger participants included indications of social and environmental awareness, evidence of environmental competence, and opportunities to influence public decision-making. Barriers included the difficulties all parties experienced in taking new social roles, realizing new learning modes (including the design process), and overcoming institutional hierarchies. A six-level scaffold of interdependent adult and institutional support is proposed to facilitate children's neighborhood placemaking. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. | PARTICIPATION; RESILIENCE; CHILDHOOD; EDUCATION | ||
| Stereological analysis of micromechanical behavior of concrete | Nemati, KM; Stroeven, P | MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES | 2001 | Journal Article | To study micromechanical behavior of concrete, stereological measurements were conducted, i.e., crack orientation, length, density and other features. A special experimental technique was developed which made possible the preservation of the compressive stress-induccd microcracks in concrete as they exist under applied loads. This technique involved injecting a molten-metal alloy into the induced cracks and solidifying it before unloading. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was employed to capture images from the cross sections of the concrete specimens. | |||
| Eero Saarinen, Eduardo Catalano and the Influence of Matthew Nowicki: A Challenge to Form and Function | Sprague, Tyler | NEXUS NETWORK JOURNAL | 2010 | Journal Article | Matthew Nowicki befriended Eero Saarinen at the Cranbrook Academy and was succeeded as Chair of the School of Design at North Carolina College of Design by Eduardo Catalano. Nowicki's influence is evident in subsequent work of these two architects. Themes of function, structure and humanism resonated differently in each. All three of these interconnected individuals were engaged in the same intellectual milieu, each manifesting his own architecture in a unique yet contextual way. Taken as a whole, their endeavors stand as evidence of the shifting understanding of what modern architecture was about. | Eero Saarinen; Eduardo Catalano; Matthew Nowicki; modern architecture; hyperbolic paraboloids; saddle shapes | ||
| Associations between neighborhood greenspace and brain imaging measures in non-demented older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study | Besser, Lilah M.; Lovasi, Gina S.; Michael, Yvonne L.; Garg, Parveen; Hirsch, Jana A.; Siscovick, David; Hurvitz, Phil; Biggs, Mary L.; Galvin, James E.; Bartz, Traci M.; Longstreth, W. T. | SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY | 2021 | Journal Article | Purpose Greater neighborhood greenspace has been associated with brain health, including better cognition and lower odds of Alzheimer's disease in older adults. We investigated associations between neighborhood greenspace and brain-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures and potential effect modification by sex or apolipoprotein E genotype (APOE), a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Methods We obtained a sample of non-demented participants 65 years or older (n = 1125) from the longitudinal, population-based Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). Greenspace data were derived from the National Land Cover Dataset. Adjusted multivariable linear regression estimated associations between neighborhood greenspace five years prior to the MRI and left and right hippocampal volume and 10-point grades of ventricular size and burden of white matter hyperintensity. Interaction terms tested effect modification by APOE genotype and sex. CHS data (1989-1999) were obtained/analyzed in 2020. Results Participants were on average 79 years old [standard deviation (SD) = 4], 58% were female, and 11% were non-white race. Mean neighborhood greenspace was 38% (SD = 28%). Greater proportion of greenspace in the neighborhood five years before MRI was borderline associated with lower ventricle grade (estimate: - 0.30; 95% confidence interval: - 0.61, 0.00). We observed no associations between greenspace and the other MRI outcome measures and no evidence of effect modification by APOE genotype and sex. Conclusion This study suggests a possible association between greater greenspace and less ventricular enlargement, a measure reflecting global brain atrophy. If confirmed in other longitudinal cohort studies, interventions and policies to improve community greenspaces may help to maintain brain health in older age. | MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; VENTRICULAR ENLARGEMENT; RESIDENTIAL GREENNESS; HIPPOCAMPAL ATROPHY; VOLUME; DISEASE; ENVIRONMENT; PROGRESSION; SYMPTOMS; DEMENTIA | Neighborhood; Green space; MRI; Brain volume; Hippocampal; White matter | |
| Quantifying economic effects of transportation investment considering spatiotemporal heterogeneity in China: a spatial panel data model perspective | Lin, Xiongbin; MacLachlan, Ian; Ren, Ting; Sun, Feiyang | The Annals of Regional Science | 2019 | Journal Article | Transportation investment plays a significant role in promoting economic development. However, in what scenario and to what extent transportation investment can stimulate economic growth still remains debatable. For developing countries undergoing rapid urbanization, answering these questions is necessary for evaluating proposals and determining investment plans, especially considering the heterogeneity of spatiotemporal conditions. Current literature lacks systematical research to consider the impacts of panel data and spatial correlation issue in examining the economic effects of transportation investment. To fill this gap, this study collects provincial panel data in China from 1997 to 2015 to evaluate multi-level temporal and spatial effects of transportation investment on economic growth by using spatial panel data analysis. Results show that transportation investment leads to significant and positive effects on growth and spatial concentration of economic activities, but these results vary significantly depending on the temporal and spatial characteristics of each province. The economic impacts of transportation investment are quite positive even considering the time lag effects. This study suggests that both central and local governments should carefully evaluate the multifaceted economic effects of transportation investment, such as a balanced transportation investment and economic development between growing and lagging regions, and considering the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the economic environment. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/quantifying-economic-effects-transportation/docview/2277753546/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Integrating social science and design inquiry through interdisciplinary design charrettes: An approach to participatory community problem solving | Sutton, Sharon E.; Kemp, Susan P. | AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY | 2006 | Journal Article | Interdisciplinary collaborations that aim to facilitate meaningful community outcomes require both the right mix of disciplinary knowledge and effective community participation, which together can deepen collective knowledge and the capacity to take action. This article explores three interdisciplinary design charrettes, intensive participatory workshops that addressed specific community problems and provided a context for integrating design and social science inquiry with local community knowledge. Evaluation data from the charrettes shed light on how students from the design and social science disciplines experienced the charrettes, and on their interactions with community members. Key advantages to this interdisciplinary, community-based collaboration included expanded knowledge derived from the use of multiple modes of inquiry, particularly the resulting visualization tools that helped community members understand local issues and envision novel solutions. Key drawbacks included difficulties in balancing the two disciplines, the tendency for social scientists to feel out of place on designers' turf, and the increased disciplinary and interpersonal conflicts arising from a more diverse pool of participants. | community problem-solving; community design; participation; interdisciplinary; collaboration; action research; participatory research | ||
| Using NDVI to assess vegetative land cover change in central Puget Sound | Morawitz, DF; Blewett, TM; Cohen, A; Alberti, M | ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT | 2006 | Journal Article | We used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the rapidly growing Puget Sound region over three 5-year time blocks between 1986-1999 at three spatial scales in 42 Watershed Administrative Units (WAUs) to assess changes in the amounts and patterns of green vegetation. On average, approximately 20% of the area in each WAU experienced significant NDVI change over each 5-year time block. Cumulative NDVI change over 15 years (summing change over each 5-year time block) was an average of approximately 60% of each WAU, but was as high as 100% in some. At the regional scale, seasonal weather patterns and green-up from logging were the primary drivers of observed increases in NDVI values. At the WAU scale, anthropogenic factors were important drivers of both positive and negative NDVI change. For example, population density was highly correlated with negative NDVI change over 15 years (r = 0.66, P < 0.01), as was road density (r = 0.71, P < 0.01). At the smallest scale (within 3 case study WAUs) land use differences such as preserving versus harvesting forest lands drove vegetation change. We conclude that large areas within most watersheds are continually and heavily impacted by the high levels of human use and development over short time periods. Our results indicate that varying patterns and processes can be detected at multiple scales using changes in NDVIa values. | URBANIZATION; ECOSYSTEM; ECOLOGY; INDEX | change detection; land cover; NDVI; population growth; Seattle; Washington; urban ecology; urbanization; vegetation; watershed administrative unit | |
| Use of health impact assessments in the housing sector to promote health in the United States, 2002-2016 | Bever, Emily; Arnold, Kimberly T.; Lindberg, Ruth; Dannenberg, Andrew L.; Morley, Rebecca; Breysse, Jill; Pollack Porter, Keshia M. | Journal of Housing and the Built Environment | 2021 | Journal Article | Housing affects health, yet health is seldom considered in housing decisions. Health impact assessment (HIA) is a tool that can improve housing-related policies, plans, programs, and projects by bringing together scientific data, health expertise, and stakeholder engagement to identify the potential health effects of proposed decisions. We systematically identified and reviewed HIAs of housing decisions in the United States, yielding 54 HIAs between 2002 and 2016. Two examined federal proposals; the others explored decisions in 20 states. A variety of organizations led the HIAs, including non-profits, public health departments, and academic institutions. The primary decision-makers each HIA sought to inform were housing, planning, and/or elected officials. Eighteen HIAs focused on housing policies, codes, design elements, and utilities in residential structures. The remaining 36 HIAs included housing as one element of broader community development and transportation planning decisions. HIA recommendations changed decisions in some cases, and the assessment process helped strengthen connections between public health and housing decision-makers. To illustrate key characteristics of housing HIAs, we purposefully selected three HIAs and described the decisions they informed in detail: off-campus student housing in Flagstaff, Arizona; a rental housing inspections program in Portland, Oregon; and revitalization plans for a major thoroughfare in a suburb of St. Louis, Missouri. With a few exceptions, federal, state, and local agencies in the U.S. are not required to consider the health impacts of housing decisions, such as where housing is sited, how it is designed and constructed, and policies for ensuring that it is affordable and safe. HIA has emerged as a tool for advocates, health and housing practitioners, and policymakers to fill this gap. However, few studies have examined whether HIAs do in fact change housing decisions, shift the way that decision-makers think, or ultimately shift determinants of health (e.g., housing affordability and quality). This review demonstrates that HIAs can facilitate the consideration of health during housing decision-making. Housing HIAs can also help decision-makers address commonly overlooked effects, such as changes to social cohesion, and improve civic participation by engaging communities in the decisionmaking process. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/use-health-impact-assessments-housing-sector/docview/2563063151/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Comparisons of Physical Activity and Walking Between Korean Immigrant and White Women in King County, WA. | Baek, So-Ra; Moudon, Anne Vernez; Saelens, Brian E.; Kang, Bumjoon; Hurvitz, Philip M.; Bae, Chang-Hee Christine | Journal of Immigrant & Minority Health | 2016 | Journal Article | Immigrant and minority women are less physically active than White women particularly during leisure time. However, prior research demonstrates that reported household physical activity (PA) and non-leisure time walking/biking were higher among the former. Using accelerometers, GPS, and travel logs, transport-related, home-based, and leisure time PA were measured objectively for 7 days from a convenience sample of 60 first-generation Korean immigrant women and 69 matched White women from the Travel Assessment and Community Project in King County, Washington. Time spent in total PA, walking, and home-based PA was higher among Whites than Korean immigrants regardless of PA type or location. 58 % of the White women but only 20 % of the Korean women met CDC's PA recommendations. Socio-economic status, psychosocial factors, and participants' neighborhood built environmental factors failed to account for the observed PA differences between these groups. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/comparisons-physical-activity-walking-between/docview/1829707476/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Utilitarian and Recreational Walking Among Spanish- and English-Speaking Latino Adults in Micropolitan US Towns. | Doescher, Mark P.; Lee, Chanam; Saelens, Brian E.; Lee, Chunkuen; Berke, Ethan M.; Adachi-Mejia, Anna M.; Patterson, Davis G.; Moudon, Anne Vernez | Journal of Immigrant & Minority Health | 2017 | Journal Article | Walking among Latinos in US Micropolitan towns may vary by language spoken. In 2011-2012, we collected telephone survey and built environment (BE) data from adults in six towns located within micropolitan counties from two states with sizable Latino populations. We performed mixed-effects logistic regression modeling to examine relationships between ethnicity-language group [Spanish-speaking Latinos (SSLs); English-speaking Latinos (ESLs); and English-speaking non-Latinos (ENLs)] and utilitarian walking and recreational walking, accounting for socio-demographic, lifestyle and BE characteristics. Low-income SSLs reported higher amounts of utilitarian walking than ENLs (p = 0.007), but utilitarian walking in this group decreased as income increased. SSLs reported lower amounts of recreational walking than ENLs (p = 0.004). ESL-ENL differences were not significant. We identified no statistically significant interactions between ethnicity-language group and BE characteristics. Approaches to increase walking in micropolitan towns with sizable SSL populations may need to account for this group's differences in walking behaviors. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/utilitarian-recreational-walking-among-spanish/docview/1873284371/se-2 | ||
| Crime Generators in Context: Examining 'Place in Neighborhood' Propositions. | Tillyer, Marie Skubak; Wilcox, Pamela; Walter, Rebecca J. | Journal of Quantitative Criminology | 2021 | Journal Article | Objectives The present study tests hypotheses regarding the moderating influence of neighborhood-level criminal opportunity on the relationship between crime generators and block-level crime. Methods We first estimated multilevel negative binomial regression models for violent, property, and drug crimes to identify crime-type specific crime generators on each block. We then estimated a series of crime-type specific models to examine whether the effects of violent, property, and drug crime generators are moderated by three census block group-level indicators of neighborhood criminal opportunity-concentrated disadvantage, vehicular traffic activity, and civic engagement. Results The positive relationship between crime generators and crime on blocks was exacerbated in census block groups with high levels of concentrated disadvantage and high levels of traffic activity for all three crime types. The effects of crime generators on block-level crime were significantly tempered in census block groups with high levels of civic engagement. Conclusions Particular place types do not generate crime similarly across varying neighborhood contexts. Rather, the criminogenic effects of micro-places appear to be exacerbated in neighborhoods with extensive criminal opportunity and tempered in neighborhoods with less criminal opportunity. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/crime-generators-context-examining-place/docview/2532441514/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Modeling scale-dependent landscape pattern, dispersal, and connectivity from the perspective of the organism | Walters, Steven | LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY | 2007 | Journal Article | Understanding the impacts of habitat fragmentation on dispersal is an important issue in landscape and conservation ecology. Here I examine the effects of fine- to broad-scale patterns in landscape structure on dispersal success of organisms with differing life-history traits. An individual-based model was used to simulate dispersal of amphibian-like species whose movements were driven by land cover and moisture conditions. To systematically control spatial pattern, a landscape model was created by merging simulated land cover maps with synthetic topographic surfaces. Landscapes varied in topographic roughness and spatial contagion in agriculture and urban land cover. Simulations included three different species types that varied in their maximum potential dispersal distances by 1-, 2-, or 4-fold. Two sets of simulations addressed effects of varying aspects of landscape structure on dispersal success. In the first set of simulations, which incorporated variable distances between breeding patches, dispersal success was lowest for all species types when anthropogenic cover was patchily distributed. In the second set, with interpatch distances held constant as landscape composition varied, dispersal success decreased as anthropogenic cover became spatially contagious. Both sets revealed strong main effects of species characteristics, interpatch distances and landscape composition on dispersal success; furthermore, scale-dependent patterns in land cover and moisture gradients had a stronger effect on longer- than shorter-ranging species types. Taken together, these simulations suggest that heuristic conservation strategies could potentially be developed based on important but limited life history information. | EXTINCTION THRESHOLDS; GENERAL-MODEL; FRAGMENTATION; SIZE; HETEROGENEITY; AMPHIBIANS; ABUNDANCE; MOVEMENT; SUCCESS | landscape fragmentation; metapopulation persistence; life history x landscape pattern interactions; matrix structure; landscape context effects; individual-based models | |
| Predicting land cover change and avian community responses in rapidly urbanizing environments | Hepinstall, Jeffrey A.; Alberti, Marina; Marzluff, John M. | LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY | 2008 | Journal Article | We used an integrated modeling approach to simulate future land cover and predict the effects of future urban development and land cover on avian diversity in the Central Puget Sound region of Washington State, USA. We parameterized and applied a land cover change model (LCCM) that used output from a microsimulation model of urban development, UrbanSim, and biophysical site and landscape characteristics to simulate land cover 28 years into the future. We used 1991, 1995, and 1999 Landsat TM-derived land cover data and three different spatial partitions of our study area to develop six different estimations of the LCCM. We validated model simulations with 2002 land cover. We combined UrbanSim land use outputs and LCCM simulations to predict changes in avian species richness. Results indicate that landscape composition and configuration were important in explaining land cover change as well as avian species response to landscape change. Over the next 28 years, urban land cover was predicted to increase at the expense of agriculture and deciduous and mixed lowland forests. Land cover changes were predicted to reduce the total number of avian species, with losses primarily in native forest specialists and gains in common synanthropic species such as the American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos). The integrated modeling framework we present has potential applications in urban and natural resource planning and management and in assessing of the effects of policies on land development, land cover, and avian biodiversity. | SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN HIGHLANDS; CELLULAR-AUTOMATON MODEL; FOREST LANDSCAPE; LONG-TERM; ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; SPATIAL-PATTERN; SAN-FRANCISCO; BIODIVERSITY; SIMULATION; GROWTH | Land cover change; Land cover modeling; Avian biodiversity; Urban ecology; Urban development; Seattle; Puget Sound; Multinomial logit | |
| Perceptions and expected immediate reactions to tornado warning polygons | Lindell, Michael K.; Huang, Shih-Kai; Wei, Hung-Lung; Samuelson, Charles D. | NATURAL HAZARDS | 2016 | Journal Article | To provide people with more specific information about tornado threats, the National Weather Service has replaced its county-wide warnings with smaller warning polygons that more specifically indicate the risk area. However, tornado warning polygons do not have a standardized definition regarding tornado strike probabilities (p (s)) so it is unclear how warning recipients interpret them. To better understand this issue, 155 participants responded to 15 hypothetical warning polygons. After viewing each polygon, they rated the likelihood of a tornado striking their location and the likelihood that they would take nine different response actions ranging from continuing normal activities to getting in a car and driving somewhere safer. The results showed participants inferred that the p (s) was highest at the polygon's centroid, lower just inside the edges of the polygon, still lower (but not zero) just outside the edges of the polygon, and lowest in locations beyond that. Moreover, higher p (s) values were associated with lower expectations of continuing normal activities and higher expectations of seeking information from social sources (but not environmental cues) and higher expectations of seeking shelter (but not evacuating in their cars). These results indicate that most people make some errors in their p (s) judgments but are likely to respond appropriately to the p (s) they infer from the warning polygons. Overall, the findings from this study and other research can help meteorologists to better understand how people interpret the uncertainty associated with warning polygons and, thus, improve tornado warning systems. | INTERRATER AGREEMENT; PROTECTIVE ACTION; DECISION-MAKING; EVACUATION; RISK; UNCERTAINTY; RESIDENTS; DISASTER; PROBABILITIES; PREPAREDNESS | Tornado warning polygons; Risk perceptions; Protective actions | |
| Perceptions, behavioral expectations, and implementation timing for response actions in a hurricane emergency | Huang, Shih-Kai; Wu, Hao-Che; Lindell, Michael K.; Wei, Hung-Lung; Samuelson, Charles D. | Natural Hazards | 2017 | Journal Article | This study examined the perceived attributes, behavioral expectations, and expected implementation timing of 11 organizational emergency response actions for hurricane emergencies. The perceived attributes of the hurricane response actions were characterized by two hazard-related attributes (effectiveness for person protection and property protection) and five resource-related attributes (financial costs, required knowledge/skill, required equipment, required time/effort, and required cooperation). A total of 155 introductory psychology students responded to a hypothetical scenario involving an approaching Category 4 hurricane. The data collected in this study explain previous findings of untimely protective action decision making. Specifically, these data reveal distinctly different patterns for the expected implementation of preparatory actions and evacuation recommendations. Participants used the hazard-related and resource-related attributes to differentiate among the response actions and the expected timing of implementation. Moreover, participants' behavioral expectations and expected implementation timing for the response actions were most strongly correlated with those actions' effectiveness for person protection. Finally, participants reported evacuation implementation times that were consistent with a phased evacuation strategy in which risk areas are evacuated in order of their proximity to the coast. However, the late initiation of evacuation in risk areas closest to the coast could lead to very late evacuation of risk areas farther inland. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/perceptions-behavioral-expectations/docview/1917626975/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| How do built-environment factors affect travel behavior? A spatial analysis at different geographic scales | Hong, Jinhyun; Shen, Qing; Zhang, Lei | TRANSPORTATION | 2014 | Journal Article | Much of the literature shows that a compact city with well-mixed land use tends to produce lower vehicle miles traveled (VMT), and consequently lower energy consumption and less emissions. However, a significant portion of the literature indicates that the built environment only generates some minor-if any-influence on travel behavior. Through the literature review, we identify four major methodological problems that may have resulted in these conflicting conclusions: self-selection, spatial autocorrelation, inter-trip dependency, and geographic scale. Various approaches have been developed to resolve each of these issues separately, but few efforts have been made to reexamine the built environment-travel behavior relationship by considering these methodological issues simultaneously. The objective of this paper is twofold: (1) to better understand the existing methodological gaps, and (2) to reexamine the effects of built-environment factors on transportation by employing a framework that incorporates recently developed methodological approaches. Using the Seattle metropolitan region as our study area, the 2006 Household Activity Survey and the 2005 parcel and building data are used in our analysis. The research employs Bayesian hierarchical models with built-environment factors measured at different geographic scales. Spatial random effects based on a conditional autoregressive specification are incorporated in the hierarchical model framework to account for spatial contiguity among Traffic Analysis Zones. Our findings indicate that land use factors have highly significant effects on VMT even after controlling for travel attitude and spatial autocorrelation. In addition, our analyses suggest that some of these effects may translate into different empirical results depending on geographic scales and tour types. | LAND-USE; URBAN FORM; MULTILEVEL MODELS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; NEIGHBORHOOD; CHOICE; IMPACT; SPECIFICATION; ACCESSIBILITY; CAUSATION | Built environment; Travel behavior; Self-selection; Spatial autocorrelation; Bayesian hierarchical model | |
| Exploring partnership between transit agency and shared mobility company: an incentive program for app-based carpooling | Shen, Qing; Wang, Yiyuan; Gifford, Casey | Transportation | 2021 | Journal Article | How should public transit agencies deliver mobility services in the era of shared mobility? Previous literature recommends that transit agencies actively build partnerships with mobility service companies from the private sector, yet public transit agencies are still in search of a solid empirical basis to help envision the consequences of doing so. This paper presents an effort to fill this gap by studying a recent experiment of shared mobility public-private partnership, the carpool incentive fund program launched by King County Metro in the Seattle region. This program offers monetary incentives for participants who commute using a dynamic app-based carpooling service. Through descriptive analysis and a series of logistic regression models, we find that the monetary incentive to encourage the use of app-based carpooling generates some promising outcomes while having distinctive limitations. In particular, it facilitates the growth of carpooling by making carpooling a competitive commuting option for long-distance commuters. Moreover, our evidence suggests that the newly generated carpooling trips mostly substitute single-occupancy vehicles, thus contributing to a reduction of regional VMT. The empirical results of this research will not only help King County Metro devise its future policies but also highlight an appealing alternative for other transit agencies in designing an integrated urban transportation system in the era of shared mobility. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/exploring-partnership-between-transit-agency/docview/2572357333/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Small-scale and extensive hydrogeomorphic modification and water redistribution in a desert city and implications for regional nitrogen removal | Larson, Elisabeth K.; Grimm, Nancy B. | URBAN ECOSYSTEMS | 2012 | Journal Article | There are numerous examples of small-scale hydrogeomorphic manipulations within urban ecosystems. These modifications are motivated both by a need to handle storm drainage and by a human desire for aquatic ecosystems as places for recreation and aesthetics. In the Phoenix Arizona metropolitan area, two examples of these local modifications are artificial lakes and stormwater retention basins. Although lakes are not a natural feature of Sonoran Desert ecosystems, numerous artificial lakes are evident in the region. Retention basins are a common landscaping practice for preventing damage from rare but potentially large storm events. Here we attempt to quantify the heretofore unknown number and extent of these designed aquatic ecosystems and consider their potential impact on hydrologic landscape connectivity and regional nitrogen (N) removal. For lakes, we found that official GIS layers from local and state agencies had significant misclassifications and omissions. We used two published GIS datasets and state impoundment-permit information to determine the number, areal extent, and water source for artificial lakes. We discovered that there are 908-1,390 lakes in the Phoenix area, with the number varying according to level of aggregation. There are no existing GIS data on retention basins, so we employed drywell-permit data to estimate that there may be 10,000 retention basins in the region. Basic data on N stocks in these ecosystems are discussed within the context of the regional N budget. Accurate data on the extent and distribution of these designed ecosystems will be vital for water-resources planning and stormwater management. | URBAN; URBANIZATION; RETENTION; PHOENIX | ||
| Ecological design for urban waterfronts | Dyson, Karen; Yocom, Ken | URBAN ECOSYSTEMS | 2015 | Journal Article | Urban waterfronts are rarely designed to support biodiversity and other ecosystem services, yet have the potential to provide these services. New approaches that integrate ecological research into the design of docks and seawalls provide opportunities to mitigate the environmental impacts of urbanization and recover ecosystem function in urban waterfronts. A review of current examples of ecological design in temperate cities informs suggestions for future action. Conventional infrastructures have significant and diverse impacts on aquatic ecosystems. The impacts of conventional infrastructure are reduced where ecological designs have been implemented, particularly by projects adding microhabitat, creating more shallow water habitat, and reconstructing missing or altered rocky benthic habitats. Opportunities for future research include expanding current research into additional ecosystems, examining ecological processes and emergent properties to better address ecosystem function in ecological design, and addressing the impact of and best practices for continuing maintenance. Planned ecological infrastructure to replace aging and obsolete structures will benefit from design feedback derived from carefully executed in situ pilot studies. | COASTAL DEFENSE STRUCTURES; FIXED ARTIFICIAL HABITATS; MARINE HABITATS; INTERTIDAL SEAWALLS; BENTHIC COMMUNITIES; RECONCILIATION ECOLOGY; SUBTIDAL EPIBIOTA; ROCKY SHORES; REEF; BIODIVERSITY | Ecological design; Seawalls; Habitat; Waterfront; Urban infrastructure; Aquatic ecology | |
| The Association Between Park Facilities and Duration of Physical Activity During Active Park Visits. | Stewart, Orion T.; Moudon, Anne Vernez; Littman, Alyson J.; Seto, Edmund; Saelens, Brian E. | Journal of Urban Health | 2018 | Journal Article | Public parks provide places for urban residents to obtain physical activity (PA), which is associated with numerous health benefits. Adding facilities to existing parks could be a cost-effective approach to increase the duration of PA that occurs during park visits. Using objectively measured PA and comprehensively measured park visit data among an urban community-dwelling sample of adults, we tested the association between the variety of park facilities that directly support PA and the duration of PA during park visits where any PA occurred. Cross-classified multilevel models were used to account for the clustering of park visits (n=1553) within individuals (n=372) and parks (n=233). Each additional different PA facility at a park was independently associated with a 6.8% longer duration of PA bouts that included light-intensity activity, and an 8.7% longer duration of moderate to vigorous PA time. Findings from this study are consistent with the hypothesis that more PA facilities increase the amount of PA that visitors obtain while already active at a park. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/association-between-park-facilities-duration/docview/2109029649/se-2 | ||
| Lighting energy consumption in ultra-low energy buildings: Using a simulation and measurement methodology to model occupant behavior and lighting controls | Zhu, Panyu; Gilbride, Michael; Yan, Da; Sun, Hongshan; Meek, Christopher | BUILDING SIMULATION | 2017 | Journal Article | As building owners, designers, and operators aim to achieve significant reductions in overall energy consumption, understanding and evaluating the probable impacts of occupant behavior becomes a critical component of a holistic energy conservation strategy. This becomes significantly more pronounced in ultra-efficient buildings, where system loads such as heating, cooling, lighting, and ventilation are reduced or eliminated through high-performance building design and where occupant behavior-driven impacts reflect a large portion of end-use energy. Further, variation in behavior patterns can substantially impact the persistence of any performance gains. This paper describes a methodology of building occupant behavior modeling using simulation methods developed by the Building Energy Research Center (BERC) at Tsinghua University using measured energy consumption data collected by the University of Washington Integrated Design Lab (UW IDL). The Bullitt Center, a six-story 4831 m(2) (52,000 ft(2)) net-positive-energy urban office building in Seattle, WA, USA, is one of the most energy-efficient buildings in the world (2013 WAN Sustainable Building of the Year Winner). Its measured energy consumption in 2015 was approximately 34.8 kWh/(m(2)a (TM) yr) (11 kBtu/(ft(2)a (TM) yr)). Occupant behavior exerts an out-sized influence on the energy performance of the building. Nearly 33% of the end-use energy consumption at the Bullitt Center consists of unregulated miscellaneous electrical loads (plug-loads), which are directly attributable to occupant behavior and equipment procurement choices. Approximately 16% of end-use energy is attributable to electric lighting which is also largely determined by occupant behavior. Key to the building's energy efficiency is employment of lighting controls and daylighting strategies to minimize the lighting load. This paper uses measured energy use in a 330 m(2) (3550 ft(2)) open office space in this building to inform occupant profiles that are then modified to create four scenarios to model the impact of behavior on lighting use. By using measured energy consumption and an energy model to simulate the energy performance of this space, this paper evaluates the potential energy savings based on different occupant behavior. This paper describes occupant behavior simulation methods and evaluates them using a robust dataset of 15 minute interval sub-metered energy consumption data. Lighting control strategies are compared via simulation results, in order to achieve the best match between occupant schedules, controls, and energy savings. Using these findings, we propose a simulation methodology that incorporates measured energy use data to generate occupant schedules and control schemes with the ultimate aim of using simulation results to evaluate energy saving measures that target occupant behavior. | CONTROL-SYSTEMS; PATTERNS; OFFICES | lighting control; ultra-low energy building; occupant behavior; building simulation; energy consumption | |
| The influence of street environments on fuel efficiency: insights from naturalistic driving | Wang, X.; Liu, C.; Kostyniuk, L.; Shen, Q.; Bao, S. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY | 2014 | Journal Article | Fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation sector are a result of a three-legged stool: fuel types, vehicle fuel efficiency, and vehicle miles travelled (VMT). While there is a substantial body of literature that examines the connection between the built environment and total VMT, few studies have focused on the impacts of the street environment on fuel consumption rate. Our research applied structural equation modeling to examine how driving behaviors and fuel efficiency respond to different street environments. We used a rich naturalistic driving dataset that recorded detailed driving patterns of 108 drivers randomly selected from the Southeast Michigan region. The results show that, some features of compact streets such as lower speed limit, higher intersection density, and higher employment density are associated with lower driving speed, more speed changes, and lower fuel efficiency; however, other features such as higher population density and higher density of pedestrian-scale retails improve fuel efficiency. The aim of our study is to gain further understanding of energy and environmental outcomes of the urban areas and the roadway infrastructure we plan, design, and build and to better inform policy decisions concerned with sustainable transportation. | TRAVEL; CONSUMPTION; EMISSIONS; CITIES; ENERGY | Street environments; Fuel efficiency; Structural equation modeling; Naturalistic driving | |
| Study on the Ownership of Motorized and Non-motorized Vehicles in Suburban Metro Station Areas: A Structural Equation Approach | Pan, Haixiao; Li, Jing; Chen, Peng | URBAN RAIL TRANSIT | 2016 | Journal Article | As Chinese megacities are experiencing a large-scale motorization and suburbanization, an ever greater number of households are relocated to suburban towns. The increasing average travel distance surely encourages car growth. China is now the world's largest car consumer, resulting in a series of unforeseen environmental and public health issues. On the other hand, scooters, electric bikes, and motorcycles become attractive options to substitute non-motorized bicycles. The ongoing demographic changes should also be taken in account. China has a rapidly aging population and a higher birth rate following reforms to the one-child policy allowing couples to have a second child. These changes will lead to a dramatic alteration of the household composition in the near future. Under above emerging contexts, this study aims to understand what implies the ownership of motorized and non-motorized vehicles in suburban metro station areas by means of a structural equation model. The data employed in this study are based on a household survey collected from three neighborhoods in Shanghai suburban metro station areas in 2010. The major findings include: (1) Income is a decisive element in car ownership. Specifically, high-income households have higher propensity to own a car, while middle and poor income families tend to own scooters, electric bikes, motorcycles, or bicycles. (2) Workplace built environment features or mode preferences are not essential to understanding vehicle ownership in Chinese context. (3) Stem families are more likely to own cars; the presence of a child or a senior family member increases the probability of owning a car by enlarging the household. (4) The results estimated for core family and DINK (couple with no child) family are highly consistent, and these families are less likely to own cars. Therefore, transport policies may focus more on households. Providing safe, pleasant, and efficient pedestrian and bicycle paths for children and seniors may decrease the attractiveness of owning cars. | Suburban metro station areas; Ownership of motorized and non-motorized vehicles; Built environment; Mode preferences; Family composition; Structural equation model | ||
| Project Risk Factors Facing Construction Management Firms | Park, Kyungmo; Lee, Hyun Woo; Choi, Kunhee; Lee, Seung-Hyun | International Journal of Civil Engineering | 2019 | Journal Article | Very little is known about the project risk factors that affect construction management (CM) firms, which often struggle due to a lack of effective risk management practices. This study investigates the risk factors critical to project execution in CM firms and ranks them using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) methods. Interviews with executives at the top 15 Korean CM firms are carried out to identify major risk factors in the CM sector, and a survey is used to develop priority ranking. We find that payment delays and project delays are the two most critical risk factors affecting CM firms because of (1) lack of communication between headquarters and field offices, (2) shift of responsibility from headquarters to a field office, (3) absence of regular monitoring of project progress, and (4) ex-post management practices. The findings presented in this study should assist CM firms in establishing more robust risk management practices, thereby improving firms' profitability, project performance, and customer satisfaction. | CM | ||
| COUNTRYSIDE SCENIC ASSESSMENT - TOOLS AND AN APPLICATION | SCHAUMAN, S | LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING | 1988 | Journal Article | ||||
| Toward sustainable urbanization on Mainstreet Cascadia | Pivo, G | CITIES | 1996 | Journal Article | Mainstreet Cascadia is a band of urban development stretching from the Canadian city of Vancouver, British Columbia to the US city of Eugene, Oregon, The rate and pattern of urbanization there have produced deep public concern over growth related problems and negative environmental consequences, City and regional plans have been prepared in response to these conditions with the common goal of promoting more sustainable urbanization. Some cities in the area already exhibit elements of sustainable urbanization and census data indicate these places are measurably different from other places. Demographic and market trends suggest the plans can be successfully implemented. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd | |||
| A suggested color scheme for reducing perception-related accidents on construction work sites | Yi, June-seong; Kim, Yong-woo; Kim, Ki-aeng; Koo, Bonsang | Accident Analysis and Prevention | 2012 | Journal Article | Changes in workforce demographics have led to the need for more sophisticated approaches to addressing the safety requirements of the construction industry. Despite extensive research in other industry domains, the construction industry has been passive in exploring the impact of a color scheme: perception-related accidents have been effectively diminished by its implementation. The research demonstrated that the use of appropriate color schemes could improve the actions and psychology of workers on site, thereby increasing their perceptions of potentially dangerous situations. As a preliminary study, the objects selected by rigorous analysis on accident reports were workwear, safety net, gondola, scaffolding, and safety passage. The colors modified on site for temporary facilities were adopted from existing theoretical and empirical research that suggests the use of certain colors and their combinations to improve visibility and conspicuity while minimizing work fatigue. The color schemes were also tested and confirmed through two workshops with workers and managers currently involved in actual projects. The impacts of color schemes suggested in this paper are summarized as follows. First, the color schemes improve the conspicuity of facilities with other on site components, enabling workers to quickly discern and orient themselves in their work environment. Secondly, the color schemes have been selected to minimize the visual work fatigue and monotony that can potentially increase accidents. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=76336629&site=ehost-live | ||
| Multilevel models for evaluating the risk of pedestrian–motor vehicle collisions at intersections and mid-blocks. | Quistberg, D. Alex; Howard, Eric J.; Ebel, Beth E.; Moudon, Anne V.; Saelens, Brian E.; Hurvitz, Philip M.; Curtin, James E.; Rivara, Frederick P. | Accident Analysis & Prevention | 2015 | Journal Article | Walking is a popular form of physical activity associated with clear health benefits. Promoting safe walking for pedestrians requires evaluating the risk of pedestrian motor vehicle collisions at specific roadway locations in order to identify where road improvements and other interventions may be needed. The objective of this analysis was to estimate the risk of pedestrian collisions at intersections and mid-blocks in Seattle, WA. The study used 2007-2013 pedestrian motor vehicle collision data from police reports and detailed characteristics of the microenvironment and macroenvironment at intersection and mid-block locations. The primary outcome was the number of pedestrian motor vehicle collisions over time at each location (incident rate ratio [IRR] and 95% confidence interval [95% CI]). Multilevel mixed effects Poisson models accounted for correlation within and between locations and census blocks over time. Analysis accounted for pedestrian and vehicle activity (e.g., residential density and road classification). In the final multivariable model, intersections with 4 segments or 5 or more segments had higher pedestrian collision rates compared to mid-blocks. Non-residential roads had significantly higher rates than residential roads, with principal arterials having the highest collision rate. The pedestrian collision rate was higher by 9% per 10 feet of street width. Locations with traffic signals had twice the collision rate of locations without a signal and those with marked crosswalks also had a higher rate. Locations with a marked crosswalk also had higher risk of collision. Locations with a one-way road or those with signs encouraging motorists to cede the right-of-way to pedestrians had fewer pedestrian collisions. Collision rates were higher in locations that encourage greater pedestrian activity (more bus use, more fast food restaurants, higher employment, residential, and population densities). Locations with higher intersection density had a lower rate of collisions as did those in areas with higher residential property values. The novel spatiotemporal approach used that integrates road/crossing characteristics with surrounding neighborhood characteristics should help city agencies better identify high-risk locations for further study and analysis. Improving roads and making them safer for pedestrians achieves the public health goals of reducing pedestrian collisions and promoting physical activity. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=110127720&site=ehost-live | ||
| Built environment effects on cyclist injury severity in automobile-involved bicycle crashes. | Chen, Peng; Shen, Qing | Accident Analysis & Prevention | 2016 | Journal Article | This analysis uses a generalized ordered logit model and a generalized additive model to estimate the effects of built environment factors on cyclist injury severity in automobile-involved bicycle crashes, as well as to accommodate possible spatial dependence among crash locations. The sample is drawn from the Seattle Department of Transportation bicycle collision profiles. This study classifies the cyclist injury types as property damage only, possible injury, evident injury, and severe injury or fatality. Our modeling outcomes show that: (1) injury severity is negatively associated with employment density; (2) severe injury or fatality is negatively associated with land use mixture; (3) lower likelihood of injuries is observed for bicyclists wearing reflective clothing; (4) improving street lighting can decrease the likelihood of cyclist injuries; (5) posted speed limit is positively associated with the probability of evident injury and severe injury or fatality; (6) older cyclists appear to be more vulnerable to severe injury or fatality; and (7) cyclists are more likely to be severely injured when large vehicles are involved in crashes. One implication drawn from this study is that cities should increase land use mixture and development density, optimally lower posted speed limits on streets with both bikes and motor vehicles, and improve street lighting to promote bicycle safety. In addition, cyclists should be encouraged to wear reflective clothing. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=111409979&site=ehost-live | ||
| Enabling the development of base domain ontology through extraction of knowledge from engineering domain handbooks | Hsieh, Shang-Hsien; Lin, Hsien-Tang; Chi, Nai-Wen; Chou, Kuang-Wu; Lin, Ken-Yu | Advanced Engineering Informatics | 2011 | Journal Article | Domain ontology, encompassing both concepts and instances, along with their relations and properties, is a new medium for the storage and propagation of domain specific knowledge. A significant problem remains the effort which must be expended during ontology construction. This involves collecting the domain-related vocabularies, developing the domain concept hierarchy, and defining the properties of each concept and the relationships between concepts. Recently several engineering handbooks have described detailed domain knowledge by organizing the knowledge into categories, sections, and chapters with indices in the appendix. This paper proposes the extraction of concepts, instances, and relationships from a handbook of a specific domain to quickly construct base domain ontology as a good starting point for expediting the development process of more comprehensive domain ontology. The extracted information can also be reorganized and converted into web ontology language format to represent the base domain ontology. The generation of a base domain ontology from an Earthquake Engineering Handbook is used to illustrate the proposed approach. In addition, quality evaluation of the extracted base ontology is performed and discussed. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=59927233&site=ehost-live | ||
| Using ontology-based text classification to assist Job Hazard Analysis | Chi, Nai-Wen; Lin, Ken-Yu; Hsieh, Shang-Hsien | Advanced Engineering Informatics | 2014 | Journal Article | The dangers of the construction industry due to the risk of fatal hazards, such as falling from extreme heights, being struck by heavy equipment or materials, and the possibility of electrocution, are well known. The concept of Job Hazard Analysis is commonly used to mitigate and control these occupational hazards. This technique analyzes the major tasks in a construction activity, identifies all potential task-related hazards, and suggests safe approaches to reduce or avoid each of these hazards. In this paper, the authors explore the possibility of leveraging existing construction safety resources to assist JHA, aiming to reduce the level of human effort required. Specifically, the authors apply ontology-based text classification (TC) to match safe approaches identified in existing resources with unsafe scenarios. These safe approaches can serve as initial references and enrich the solution space when performing JHA. Various document modification strategies are applied to existing resources in order to achieve superior TC effectiveness. The end result of this research is a construction safety domain ontology and its underlying knowledge base. A user scenario is also discussed to demonstrate how the ontology supports JHA in practice. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | |||
| Resolving systematic errors in estimates of net ecosystem exchange of CO2 and ecosystem respiration in a tropical forest biome | Hutyra, Lucy R.; Munger, J. William; Hammond-Pyle, Elizabeth; Saleska, Scott R.; Restrepo-Coupe, Natalia; Daube, Bruce C.; de Camargo, Plinio B.; Wofsy, Steven C. | AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY | 2008 | Journal Article | The controls on uptake and release Of CO2 by tropical rainforests, and the responses to a changing climate, are major uncertainties in global climate change models. Eddy-covariance measurements potentially provide detailed data on CO2 exchange and responses to the environment in these forests, but accurate estimates of the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) and ecosystem respiration (R-eco) require careful analysis of data representativity, treatment of data gaps, and correction for systematic errors. This study uses the comprehensive data from our study site in an old-growth tropical rainforest near Santarem, Brazil, to examine the biases in NEE and R-eco potentially associated with the two most important sources of systematic error in Eddy-covariance data: lost nighttime flux and missing canopy storage measurements. We present multiple estimates for the net carbon balance and Reco at our site, including the conventional u* filter, a detailed bottom-up budget for respiration, estimates by similarity with Rn-122, and an independent estimate of respiration by extrapolation of daytime Eddy flux data to zero light. Eddy-covariance measurements between 2002 and 2006 showed a mean net ecosystem carbon loss of 0.25 +/- 0.04 mu mol m(-2) s(-1), with a mean respiration rate of 8.60 +/- 10.11 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) at our site. We found that lost nocturnal flux can potentially introduce significant bias into these results. We develop robust approaches to correct for these biases, showing that, where appropriate, a site-specific u* threshold can be used to avoid systematic bias in estimates of carbon exchange. Because of the presence of gaps in the data and the day-night asymmetry between storage and turbulence, inclusion of canopy storage is essential to accurate assessments of NEE. We found that short-terrn measurements of storage may be adequate to accurately model storage for use in obtaining ecosystem carbon balance, at sites where storage is not routinely measured. The analytical framework utilized in this study can be applied to other Eddy-covariance sites to help correct and validate measurements of the carbon cycle and its components. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. | TAPAJOS-NATIONAL-FOREST; EDDY-COVARIANCE; LONG-TERM; RAIN-FOREST; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; FLUX CORRECTIONS; SEQUESTRATION; UNCERTAINTY; AMAZONIA | carbon; Eddy correlation; LBA; respiration; Amazon; tropical rainforest | |
| The unignorable impacts of pan wall on pan evaporation dynamics. | Wang, Kaiwen; Liu, Xiaomang; Liu, Changming; Yang, Xiaohua; Bai, Peng; Li, Yuqi; Pan, Zharong | Agricultural & Forest Meteorology | 2019 | Journal Article | Open water evaporation (E-ow), such as evaporation of lake and reservoir, is typically estimated by observations of different pans. The observation networks of pan evaporation (E-pan) were established and maintained worldwide for a long history. All the pans in the world consist of water body and pan wall, which includes side wall, pan rim and (if any) pan bottom. Since the pan wall will affect E-pan by radiation absorption and heat conduction, once pan wall absorbs and conducts more heat for vaporizing than water body in a pan, observed E-pan dynamics will greatly deviate E-ow causing uncertainties and errors in estimating E-ow. Thus, this study calculated E-pan at 767 meteorological stations in China and quantified the contributions of water body and pan wall on E-pan trends. For China as a whole, E-pan decreased at -3.75 mm/a(2) and increased at 3.68 mm/a(2) during 1960-1993 and 1993-2016, respectively. 84% of E-pan trends were contributed by water body. For 767 stations, E-pan trends of 84 and 96 stations were dominated by pan wall during 1960-1993 and 1993-2016, respectively. Since pan wall contributed more than half of E-pan trends for (similar to)23% of the stations in China, the impacts of pan wall on E-pan dynamics cannot be ignored. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/unignorable-impacts-pan-wall-on-evaporation/docview/2253272491/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Effects of malocclusion and its treatment on the quality of life of adolescents | Taylor, Kelly Ryan; Kiyak, Asuman; Huang, Greg J.; Greenlee, Geoffrey M.; Jolley, Cameron J.; King, Gregory J. | AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS | 2009 | Journal Article | Introduction: The relationship between malocclusion and quality of life (QoL) is complex and not well understood. The objective of this study was to determine whether malocclusion and its treatment influence an adolescent's general and oral health-related QoL. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional design with a longitudinal component was used. Clinical and self-reported data were collected from 293 participants aged 11 to 14. The children were recruited from orthodontic and pediatric dental clinics at the University of Washington and a community health clinic in Seattle. The participants were classified into precomprehensive orthodontic (n = 93), postinterceptive orthodontic (n = 44), and nonorthodontic comparison (n = 156) groups. Assessments of dental esthetics and occlusion were evaluated with the Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need. Three QoL questionnaires were completed: Youth Quality of Life to assess general QoL, Children's Oral Health-Related Quality of Life to assess oral health QoL, and Treatment Expectations and Experiences to evaluate participants' expectations for changes in specific aspects of their lives. Nonparametric tests were used for all analyses. Results: In general, overall and oral health QoL were high in this population. The instruments were correlated so that when oral health QoL improved, so did general QoL. No differences were found in these measurements between the university and community health clinics. Nor were there differences between the 3 study groups on general QoL and oral health QoL. There was little effect of malocclusion complexity on any QoL measure. Both preorthodontic and postorthodontic participants expected improvements in their health, oral function, appearance, and social well-being after orthodontic treatment; the postinterceptive sample's posttreatment experiences were consistent with their pretreatment expectations in all domains. Conclusions: Malocclusion and orthodontic treatment do not appear to affect general or oral health QoL to a measurable degree, despite subjective and objective evidence for improved appearance, oral function, health, and social well-being. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2009; 136: 382-92) | ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT; CHILDREN; QUESTIONNAIRE; PERCEPTIONS; AGREEMENT; IMPACT | ||
| Work Group II: Using Geographic Information Systems for Enhancing Research Relevant to Policy on Diet, Physical Activity, and Weight | Matthews, Stephen A.; Moudon, Anne Vernez; Daniel, Mark | AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE | 2009 | Journal Article | Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was a theme for one Of the four workgroups convened for the Measures of the Food and Built Environment meeting held in Bethesda, Maryland in November 2007. This summary of group discussions frames several critical conceptual, methodologic, and data challenges regarding the use of GIS to enhance research relevant to policy oil diet, physical activity, and weight. Broad recommendations are offered in five areas: (1) theoretical and conceptual development in framing place effects oil health; (2) contextualizing people and spatial behavior in built environments and improving empirical representations of place; (3) geospatial data availability, quality, and standards; (4) privacy and confidentiality, and, (5) building capacity in GIS personnel and infrastructure. These topics are inter-related. Although our discussion focuses on issues relevant to the role of the built environment in diet and physical activity outcomes, our recommendations also are salient to health and environment research generally. | PUBLIC-HEALTH; BUILT ENVIRONMENT; FOOD ENVIRONMENT; LAND-USE; NEIGHBORHOOD; ASSOCIATIONS; PATHWAYS; ACCESS; STORES; PLACE | ||
| Real Noise from the Urban Environment: How Ambient Community Noise Affects Health and What Can Be Done About It | Moudon, Anne Vernez | American Journal of Preventive Medicine | 2009 | Journal Article | The increasing interest in the potential effects of the community environment on individual health has so far excluded those of the acoustic environment. Yet it has long been recognized that continued exposure to elevated sound levels leads to noise-induced hearing loss. Noise is defined as unwanted sound that disturbs communication and speech intelligibility and interferes with sleep and mental tasks. Evidence points to numerous psychophysiologic outcomes of sustained exposure, including annoyance, reduced performance, aggressive behavior, and increased risk of myocardial infarction. Populated areas have experienced a steady rise in outdoor ambient noise resulting from increases in vehicular traffic and the ubiquitous use of machinery. In 2000, the WHO produced guidelines on occupational and community noise. The European Union mandated noise surveillance and abatement programs in cities. In the U.S., a few cities have revised their noise ordinances, but proactive noise reduction initiatives remain confined to new transportation infrastructure projects, thus leaving a large portion of the population at risk. Adding community noise to the public health agenda seems timely. Research needs to population-wide health effects of involuntary long-term exposure to ambient noise. Further study of the range and severity of co-morbidities will help refine the thresholds used to protect health. Policies and interventions, including health impact assessments, will require detailed data on actual ambient noise levels. Reducing noise at the source will likely require new road standards and lower allowable engine noise levels. Finally, noise abatement programs have an environmental justice dimension and need to target the at-risk population. (Am J Prev Med 2009;37(2):167-171) (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=43175612&site=ehost-live | ||
| A Neighborhood Wealth Metric for Use in Health Studies | Moudon, Anne Vernez; Cook, Andrea J.; Ulmer, Jared; Hurvitz, Philip M.; Drewnowski, Adam | American Journal of Preventive Medicine | 2011 | Journal Article | Background: Measures of neighborhood deprivation used in health research are typically based on conventional area-based SES. Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine new data and measures of SES for use in health research. Specifically, assessed property values are introduced as a new individual-level metric of wealth and tested for their ability to substitute for conventional area-based SES as measures of neighborhood deprivation. Methods: The analysis was conducted in 2010 using data from 1922 participants in the 2008-2009 survey of the Seattle Obesity Study (SOS). It compared the relative strength of the association between the individual-level neighborhood wealth metric (assessed property values) and area-level SES measures (including education, income, and percentage above poverty as single variables, and as the composite Singh index) on the binary outcome fair/poor general health status. Analyses were adjusted for gender, categoric age, race, employment status, home ownership, and household income. Results: The neighborhood wealth measure was more predictive of fair/poor health status than area-level SES measures, calculated either as single variables or as indices (lower DIC measures for all models). The odds of having a fair/poor health status decreased by 0.85 (95% CI=0.77, 0.93) per $50,000 increase in neighborhood property values after adjusting for individual-level SES measures. Conclusions: The proposed individual-level metric of neighborhood wealth, if replicated in other areas, could replace area-based SES measures, thus simplifying analyses of contextual effects on health. (Am J Prev Med 2011; 41(1): 88-97) (C) 2011 American Journal of Preventive Medicine | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=61468968&site=ehost-live | ||
| Home Versus Nonhome Neighborhood: Quantifying Differences in Exposure to the Built Environment | Hurvitz, Philip M.; Moudon, Anne Vernez | American Journal of Preventive Medicine | 2012 | Journal Article | Background: Built environment and health research have focused on characteristics of home neighborhoods, whereas overall environmental exposures occur over larger spatial ranges. Purpose: Differences in built environment characteristics were analyzed for home and nonhome locations using GPS data. Methods: GPS data collected in 2007-2008 were analyzed for 41 subjects in the Seattle area in 2010. Environmental characteristics for 3.8 million locations were measured using novel GIS data sets called SmartMaps, representing spatially continuous values of local built environment variables in the domains of neighborhood composition, utilitarian destinations, transportation infrastructure, and traffic conditions. Using bootstrap sampling, CIs were estimated for differences in built environment values for home (<833 m of home address) and nonhome (>1666 m) GPS locations. Results: Home and nonhome built environment values were significantly different for more than 90% of variables across subjects (p < 0.001). Only 51% of subjects had higher counts of supermarkets near than away from home. Different measures of neighborhood parks yielded varying results. Conclusions: SmartMaps helped measure local built environment characteristics for a large set of GPS locations. Most subjects had significantly different home and nonhome built environment exposures. Considering the full range of individuals' environmental exposures may improve understanding of effects of the built environment on behavior and health outcomes. (Am J Prev Med 2012;42(4):411-417) (C) 2012 American Journal of Preventive Medicine | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=73769070&site=ehost-live | ||
| Environments Perceived as Obesogenic Have Lower Residential Property Values | Drewnowski, Adam; Aggarwal, Anju; Rehm, Colin D.; Cohen-Cline, Hannah; Hurvitz, Philip M.; Moudon, Anne V. | AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE | 2014 | Journal Article | Background: Studies have tried to link obesity rates and physical activity with multiple aspects of the built environment. Purpose: To determine the relation between residential property values and multiple perceived (self-reported) measures of the obesogenic environment. Methods: The Seattle Obesity Study (SOS) used a telephone survey of a representative, geographically distributed sample Of 2,001 King County adults, collected in 2008-2009 and analyzed in 2012-2013. Home addresses were geocoded. Residential property values at the tax parcel level were obtained from the King County tax assessor. Mean residential property values within a 10-minute walk (833-m buffer) were calculated for each respondent. Data on multiple perceived measures of the obesogenic environment were collected by self-report. Correlations and multi-variable linear regression analyses, stratified by residential density, were used to examine the associations among perceived environmental measures, property values, and BMI. Results: Perceived measures of the environment such as crime, heavy traffic, and proximity to bars, liquor stores, and fast food were all associated with lower property values. By contrast, living in neighborhoods that were perceived as safe, quiet, clean, and attractive was associated with higher property values. Higher property values were associated, in turn, with lower BMIs among women. The observed associations between perceived environment measures and BMI were largely attenuated after accounting for residential property values. Conclusions: Environments perceived as obesogenic are associated with lower property values. Studies in additional locations need to explore to what extent other perceived environment measures can be reflected in residential property values. (C) 2014 American Journal of Preventive Medicine | BODY-MASS INDEX; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; OBJECTIVE MEASURES; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; FOOD STORES; NEIGHBORHOOD DISORDER; ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK; COLLECTIVE EFFICACY; RACIAL COMPOSITION; BUILT ENVIRONMENT | ||
| Worksite Neighborhood and Obesogenic Behaviors: Findings Among Employees in the Promoting Activity and Changes in Eating (PACE) Trial. | Barrington, Wendy E.; Beresford, Shirley A. A.; Koepsell, Thomas D.; Duncan, Glen E.; Moudon, Anne Vernez | American Journal of Preventive Medicine | 2015 | Journal Article | Background: Understanding mechanisms linking neighborhood context to health behaviors may provide targets for increasing lifestyle intervention effectiveness. Although associations between home neighborhood and obesogenic behaviors have been studied, less is known about the role of worksite neighborhood. Purpose: To evaluate associations between worksite neighborhood context at baseline (2006) and change in obesogenic behaviors of adult employees at follow-up (2007-2009) in a worksite randomized trial to prevent weight gain. Methods: Worksite property values were used as an indicator of worksite neighborhood SES (NSES). Worksite neighborhood built environment attributes associated with walkability were evaluated as explanatory factors in relationships among worksite NSES, diet, and physical activity behaviors of employees. Behavioral data were collected at baseline (2005-2007) and follow-up (2007-2009). Multilevel linear and logistic models were constructed adjusting for covariates and accounting for clustering within worksites. Product-of-coefficients methods were used to assess mediation. Analyses were performed after study completion (2011-2012). Results: Higher worksite NSES was associated with more walking (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.30, p = 0.01). Higher density of residential units surrounding worksites was associated with more walking and eating five or more daily servings of fruits and vegetables, independent of worksite NSES. Residential density partially explained relationships among worksite NSES, fruit and vegetable consumption, and walking. Conclusions: Worksite neighborhood context may influence employees' obesogenic behaviors. Furthermore, residential density around worksites could be an indicator of access to dietary and physical activity-related infrastructure in urban areas. This may be important given the popularity of worksites as venues for obesity prevention efforts. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=99918617&site=ehost-live | ||
| Spatial Energetics Integrating Data From GPS, Accelerometry, and GIS to Address Obesity and Inactivity | James, Peter; Jankowska, Marta; Marx, Christine; Hart, Jaime E.; Berrigan, David; Kerr, Jacqueline; Hurvitz, Philip M.; Hipp, J. Aaron; Laden, Francine | AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE | 2016 | Journal Article | To address the current obesity and inactivity epidemics, public health researchers have attempted to identify spatial factors that influence physical inactivity and obesity. Technologic and methodologic developments have led to a revolutionary ability to examine dynamic, high-resolution measures of temporally matched location and behavior data through GPS, accelerometry, and GIS. These advances allow the investigation of spatial energetics, high-spatiotemporal resolution data on location and time-matched energetics, to examine how environmental characteristics, space, and time are linked to activity-related health behaviors with far more robust and detailed data than in previous work. Although the transdisciplinary field of spatial energetics demonstrates promise to provide novel insights on how individuals and populations interact with their environment, there remain significant conceptual, technical, analytical, and ethical challenges stemming from the complex data streams that spatial energetics research generates. First, it is essential to better understand what spatial energetics data represent, the relevant spatial context of analysis for these data, and if spatial energetics can establish causality for development of spatially relevant interventions. Second, there are significant technical problems for analysis of voluminous and complex data that may require development of spatially aware scalable computational infrastructures. Third, the field must come to agreement on appropriate statistical methodologies to account for multiple observations per person. Finally, these challenges must be considered within the context of maintaining participant privacy and security. This article describes gaps in current practice and understanding and suggests solutions to move this promising area of research forward. (C) 2016 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. | PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY LEVELS; BUILT ENVIRONMENT; ACTIVITY MONITORS; TRAVEL BEHAVIOR; HEALTH RESEARCH; NEIGHBORHOOD; EXPOSURE; VALIDATION; CHILDREN; DESIGN | ||
| Moving Toward Physical Activity Targets by Walking to Transit: National Household Transportation Survey, 2001-2017. | Le, Vi T.; Dannenberg, Andrew L. | American Journal of Preventive Medicine | 2020 | Journal Article | Introduction: Public transportation systems can help people engage in physical activity. This study assesses sociodemographic correlates and trends in the daily time spent walking to and from transit in the U.S. from 2001 to 2017. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the 2001, 2009, and 2017 National Household Transportation Survey. Data were analyzed in 2019 to assess the daily level of physical activity attained solely by walking to and from transit. Regression models were used to examine predictors of daily transit-associated walking. Results: Compared with the full National Household Transportation Survey sample, transit users who walked to and from transit tended to be younger, from households earning <$25,000 per year, in areas with rail infrastructure, and did not have a household-owned car. Transit walkers spent a median of 20 minutes per day (95% CI=18.5, 21.5) walking to and from transit in 2017, compared with a median of 19 minutes (95% CI=17.5, 20.5) in 2001. Among transit walkers, daily transitassociated physical activity was 27% higher for those residing in areas with rail infrastructure (adjusted coefficient=1.27, 95% CI=1.11, 1.46) and 34% higher for those from households earning <$25,000 per year than those earning >$99,999 per year (adjusted coefficient=1.34, 95% CI=1.15, 1.56). Conclusions: As documented in a growing literature, most public transit trips include at least some walking; thus, efforts to encourage transit use are favorable to public health. Continued monitoring by transportation surveys is important as new forms of mobility and changing demographics may impact future transit use and associated physical activity. (C) 2020 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=145136129&site=ehost-live | ||
| Built environment and behavior: Spatial sampling using parcel data | Lee, Chanam; Moudon, Anne Vernez; Courbois, Jean-Yves Pip | ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY | 2006 | Journal Article | PURPOSE: The quality and economy of inferential research rely heavily on the sampling method. This paper addresses a methodological challenge in environment-behavior research: sampling respondents in relation to their built environmental characteristics. METHODS: A discussion of issues related to traditional neighborhood-based sampling serves to introduce a new spatial sampling strategy. Spatial sampling consists of defining conceptual population of interest, constructing spatial sample frame using parcel-level environmental data in GIS, examining the sample frame, determining the sampling design and size, and drawing the samples. An application of this method is illustrated using a recent study examining environmental correlates of walking and biking. RESULTS: Spatial sampling with parcel-level data ensures sufficient variations in and proper distributions of the environmental variables of interest, while controlling for the conditions of no interest. The use of the individual as unit of analysis offers an economic, generalizable, and easily interpretable approach to environment-behavior research, and discourages the potentially erroneous a priori definition of neighborhoods and aggregation problems. CONCLUSIONS: With its capacity to consider a broad range of detailed environmental variables, spatial sampling contributes to finding new or stronger environment-behavior associations and to the growing number of studies using the social ecologic model. | PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; LAND-USE; TRANSPORTATION; DETERMINANTS; WALKING; DESIGN; SIZE; REGRESSION; INFERENCE; SUPPORTS | sampling studies; environment; health behavior; environment and public health; geographic information systems | |
| PACPIM: New decision-support model of optimized portfolio analysis for community-based photovoltaic investment. | Shakouri, Mahmoud; Lee, Hyun Woo; Choi, Kunhee | Applied Energy | 2015 | Journal Article | Inherent in large-scale photovoltaic (PV) investments is volatility that stems from a unique set of spatial factors, such as shading, building orientation, and roof slope, which can significantly affect both the level of risk and the return on investment. In order to systematically assess and manage the volatility, this study seeks to create a quantitative decision-support model: Portfolio Analysis for Community-based PV Investment Model (PACPIM). Focusing on residential PV systems, PACPIM determines optimized portfolios by applying the Mean Variance Portfolio theory. The model is intended to play an instrumental role in: (1) maximizing the hourly electricity output of PV systems; (2) minimizing the hourly volatility in electricity output; and (3) optimizing the risk-adjusted performance of community-based PV investment. The application and framework of PACPIM were deployed with an actual residential community consisting of 24 houses and their simulated data utilizing PVWatts (R) for estimating hourly electricity production. Results reveal that the optimized portfolios developed by PACPIM (1) increased annual electricity output of PV systems by 4.6%; (2) reduced the volatility in electricity output by 4.3%; and (3) offered the highest risk-adjusted performance among all possible portfolios based on the Sharpe ratios. This study is expected to effectively assist project owners and investors in systematically assessing their community-based PV projects and in developing optimized investment strategies. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/pacpim-new-decision-support-model-optimized/docview/2045823043/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| A probabilistic portfolio-based model for financial valuation of community solar. | Shakouri, Mahmoud; Lee, Hyun Woo; Kim, Yong-Woo | Applied Energy | 2017 | Journal Article | Community solar has emerged in recent years as an alternative to overcome the limitations of individual rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, there is no existing model available to support probabilistic valuation and design of community solar based on the uncertain nature of system performance over time. In response, the present study applies the Mean-Variance Portfolio Theory to develop a probabilistic model that can be used to increase electricity generation or reduce volatility in community solar. The study objectives include identifying the sources of uncertainties in PV valuation, developing a probabilistic model that incorporates the identified uncertainties into portfolios, and providing potential investors in community solar with realistic financial indicators. This study focuses on physical, environmental, and financial uncertainties to construct a set of optimized portfolios. Monte Carlo simulation is then performed to calculate the return on investment (ROI) and the payback period of each portfolio. Lastly, inclusion vs. exclusion of generation and export tariffs are compared for each financial indicator. The results show that the portfolio with the maximum output offers the highest ROI and shortest payback period while the portfolio with the minimum risk indicates the lowest ROI and longest payback period. This study also reveals that inclusion of tariffs can significantly influence the financial indicators, even more than the other identified uncertainties. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/probabilistic-portfolio-based-model-financial/docview/2000310144/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| An evaluation of wearable sensors and their placements for analyzing construction worker's trunk posture in laboratory conditions. | Lee, Wonil; Seto, Edmund; Lin, Ken-Yu; Migliaccio, Giovanni C. | Applied Ergonomics | 2017 | Journal Article | This study investigates the effect of sensor placement on the analysis of trunk posture for construction activities using two off-the-shelf systems. Experiments were performed using a single-parameter monitoring wearable sensor (SPMWS), the ActiGraph GT9X Link, which was worn at six locations on the body, and a multi-parameter monitoring wearable sensor (MPMWS), the Zephyr BioHarnessTM3, which was worn at two body positions. One healthy male was recruited and conducted 10 experiment sessions to repeat measurements of trunk posture within our study. Measurements of upper-body thoracic bending posture during the lifting and lowering of raised deck materials in a laboratory setting were compared against video-captured observations of posture. The measurements from the two sensors were found to be in agreement during slow-motion symmetric bending activities with a target bending of <= 45. However, for asymmetric bending tasks, when the SPMWS was placed on the chest, its readings were substantially different from those of the MPMWS worn on the chest or under the armpit. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=124577788&site=ehost-live | ||
| Automated task-level activity analysis through fusion of real time location sensors and worker's thoracic posture data | Cheng, Tao; Teizer, Jochen; Migliaccio, Giovanni C.; Gatti, Umberto C. | Automation in Construction | 2013 | Journal Article | Knowledge of workforce productivity and activity is crucial for determining whether a construction project can be accomplished on time and within budget. Significant work has been done on improving and assessing productivity and activity at task, project, or industry levels. Task level productivity and activity analysis are used extensively within the construction industry for various purposes, including cost estimating, claim evaluation, and day-to-day project management. The assessment is mostly performed through visual observations and after-the-fact analyses even though previous studies show automatic translation of operations data into productivity information and provide spatial information of resources for specific construction operations. An original approach is presented that automatically assesses labor activity. Using data fusion of spatio-temporal and workers' thoracic posture data, a framework was developed for identifying and understanding the worker's activity type over time. This information is used to perform automatic work sampling that is expected to facilitate real-time productivity assessment. Published by Elsevier B.V. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=83323284&site=ehost-live | ||
| Physiological condition monitoring of construction workers. | Gatti, Umberto C.; Schneider, Suzanne; Migliaccio, Giovanni C. | Automation in Construction | 2014 | Journal Article | Monitoring of workers' physiological conditions can potentially enhance construction workforce productivity, safety, and well-being. Recently, Physiological Status Monitors (PSMs) were validated as an accurate technology to assess physiological conditions during typical sport science and medicine testing procedures (e.g., treadmill and cycle ergometer protocols). However, sport science and medicine testing procedures cannot simulate routine construction worker movements in a comprehensive manner. Thus, this paper investigated the validity of two PSMs by comparing their measurements with gold standard laboratory instruments' measurements at rest and during dynamic activities resembling construction workforce's routine activities. Two physiological parameters such as heart rate and breathing rate were considered. Ten apparently healthy subjects participated in the study. One of the PSMs proved to be a viable technology in assessing construction workers' heart rate (correlation coefficient >= 0.74; percentage of differences within +/- 11 bpm >= 84.8%). (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved, | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=96447335&site=ehost-live | ||
| A user-centered information and communication technology (ICT) tool to improve safety inspections. | Lin, Ken-Yu; Tsai, Meng-Han; Gatti, Umberto C.; Lin, Jacob Je-Chian; Lee, Cheng-Hao; Kang, Shih-Chung | Automation in Construction | 2014 | Journal Article | Occupational safety is imperative in construction, and safety inspection is among the most common practices that help enforce job safety on site. The safety inspection process, however, suffers from several drawbacks that hinder the efficiency, effectiveness, and analytical learning capacity of the process. Dedicated tools for user-centered information and communications technology could significantly reduce such drawbacks. This paper discusses the use of an original two-step user-centered design approach to develop and evaluate an iPad application that aims to address such drawbacks and improve the day-to-day practices and management of safety inspections. Evaluation results indicate the usefulness and practicality of the application and identify innovative uses not previously envisioned. Furthermore, the developed tool allows consistent data collection that can eventually be used to aid the development of advanced safety and health data analysis techniques. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=98807061&site=ehost-live | ||
| Evaluating the strength of text classification categories for supporting construction field inspection | Chi, Nai-Wen; Lin, Ken-Yu; El-Gohary, Nora; Hsieh, Shang-Hsien | Automation in Construction | 2016 | Journal Article | Field inspection is a common approach to the prevention of on-site accidents in the construction industry, which aims to identify and correct violations before they result in accidents. While conducting a field inspection, quite often safety professionals need to consult applicable construction safety standards. By doing so, they can make informed judgments on the violations and reference applicable standards. Text classification (TC) can be used to classify safety standards based on the types and causes of violations. Safety professionals can therefore use violation types and causes as indices to quickly locate applicable standards. Defining TC categories (or labels) is the first important step in performing TC, because satisfactory results cannot be achieved without appropriate TC categories. Researchers often determine applicable TC categories based on the important topics within a knowledge domain. However, not all TC categories can yield satisfactory TC results because some of them are not associated with strong and specific keywords that can be identified by text classifiers. This paper proposes a methodology with two strength measures for evaluating the appropriateness of candidate TC categories. The measures were tested on two alternative sets of candidate categories that were drafted for supporting construction field inspections. The results showed that the measures could accurately predict the relative TC performance and the satisfaction levels (satisfactory or unsatisfactory) of TC categories. Beyond the construction domain, this research provides a generalized procedure for evaluating the strength of candidate TC categories. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. | |||
| Wearable sensors for monitoring on-duty and off-duty worker physiological status and activities in construction. | Lee, Wonil; Lin, Ken-Yu; Seto, Edmund; Migliaccio, Giovanni C. | Automation in Construction | 2017 | Journal Article | Total Worker Health (R) (TWH) integrates occupational health and safety with the promotion of workers' off-duty wellbeing. Wearable sensors (e.g., activity trackers and physiological monitors) have facilitated personalized objective measurement of workers' health and wellbeing. Furthermore, the TWH concept is relevant to construction workers, especially roofing workers, as they encounter high on-duty health and safety risks and have poor off-duty lifestyles. This study examined the reliability and usability of wearable sensors for monitoring roofing workers' on-duty and off-duty activities. The results demonstrated the usability of these sensors and recommended a data collection period of three consecutive days for obtaining an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.75 for heart rate, energy expenditure, metabolic equivalents, and sleep efficiency. The participants exhibited significant variations in their physical responses, health statuses, and safety behaviors. Moreover, several issues were identified in the application of wearable sensors to TWH evaluations for construction workers including roofers. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=124933998&site=ehost-live | ||
| Socioeconomic impact assessment of highly dense-urban construction projects. | Ibrahim, Amir; El-Anwar, Omar; Marzouk, Mohamed | Automation in Construction | 2018 | Journal Article | Dense-urban construction is reported to affect the social and economic welfare of surrounding residents and local businesses in various ways. However, research studies and practical methodologies aimed at assessing to what extent the choice of a construction plan that reduces such effect are very limited. The objective of this paper is to present the development of an automated assessment methodology to fill this research gap. To this end, two formulations are presented; one based on multi-attributed utility functions and the other based on monetary compensations for disruptions caused by construction operations. Both formulations assess the impacts of construction plans on (1) increased travel distance; (2) residents' relocation; (3) business loss; (4) business closure; and (5) noise inconvenience. The proposed automated methodology is implemented in five sequential phases and utilizes Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Visual Basic Application (VBA). Using the proposed implementation, the two alternative formulations are applied to an infrastructure upgrading project in Cairo, Egypt that had five possible construction scenarios. While the two formulations resulted in the same preference order for the five scenarios, they exhibited different performance in terms of their (1) assessment relative values; (2) required input data and robustness; (3) ease of results interpretation; and (4) comprehensiveness and scalability. The developed framework shows promising results in terms of identifying and sorting the major root causes of the socioeconomic disruptions caused by dense urban construction. Results show that using the proposed methodology informs decision-making and planning at the early stages of a project, which in turn helps to reduce cost overruns and schedule delays. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=129680565&site=ehost-live | ||
| Evidence-driven sound detection for prenotification and identification of construction safety hazards and accidents. | Lee, Yong-Cheol; Shariatfar, Moeid; Rashidi, Abbas; Lee, Hyun Woo | Automation in Construction | 2020 | Journal Article | As the construction industry experiences a high rate of casualties and significant economic loss associated with accidents, safety has always been a primary concern. In response, several studies have attempted to develop new approaches and state-of-the-art technology for conducting autonomous safety surveillance of construction work zones such as vision-based monitoring. The current and proposed methods including human inspection, however, are limited to consistent and real-time monitoring and rapid event recognition of construction safety issues. In addition, the health and safety risks inherent in construction projects make it challenging for construction workers to be aware of possible safety risks and hazards according to daily planned work activities. To address the urgent demand of the industry to improve worker safety, this study involves the development of an audio-based event detection system to provide daily safety issues to laborers and through the rapid identification of construction accidents. As an evidence-driven approach, the proposed framework incorporates the occupational injury and illness manual data, consisting of historical construction accident data classified by types of sources and events, into an audio-based safety event detection framework. This evidence-driven framework integrated with a daily project schedule can automatically provide construction workers with prenotifications regarding safety hazards at a pertinent work zone as well as consistently contribute to enhanced construction safety monitoring by audio-based event detection. By using a machine learning algorithm, the framework can clearly categorize the narrowed-down sound training data according to a daily project schedule and dynamically restrict sound classification types in advance. The proposed framework is expected to contribute to an emerging knowledge base for integrating an automated safety surveillance system into occupational accident data, significantly improving the accuracy of audio-based event detection. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=142335755&site=ehost-live | ||
| Neurophysiological testing for assessing construction workers' task performance at virtual height. | Habibnezhad, Mahmoud; Puckett, Jay; Jebelli, Houtan; Karji, Ali; Fardhosseini, Mohammad Sadra; Asadi, Somayeh | Automation in Construction | 2020 | Journal Article | Falling from heights is the primary cause of death and injuries at construction sites. As loss of balance has a fundamental effect on falling, it is important to understand postural regulation behavior during construction tasks at heights, especially those that require precise focus in an upright standing position (therefore, a dual-task demand on focus). Previous studies examined body sway during a quiet stance and dual tasks to understand latent factors affecting postural balance. Despite the success of these studies in discovering underlying factors, they lack a comprehensive analysis of a task's simultaneous cognitive load, postural sway, and visual depth. To address this limitation, this paper aims to examine construction workers' postural stability and task performance during the execution of visual construction tasks while standing upright on elevated platforms. To that end, two non-intrusive neurophysiological tests, a hand-steadiness task (HST) and a pursuit task (PT), were developed for construction tasks in a virtual environment (VE) as performance-based means to assess the cognitive function of workers at height. Workers' postural stability was measured by recording the mapped position of the Center of Pressure (COP) of the body on a posturography force plate, and the postural sway metrics subsequently calculated. A laboratory experiment was designed to collect postural and task performance data from 18 subjects performing the two batteries of tests in the virtual environment. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in the Root-Mean Square (RMS) of COP along the anterior-posterior axis during the Randomized Pursuit Task (RPT) and maximum body sway of the center of pressure (COP) in the mediolateral direction during both tests. Also, subjects exposed to high elevation predominately exhibit higher accuracy for RPT (P-value = 0.02) and lower accuracy for HST (P-value = 0.05). The results show that the combination of elevation-related visual depth and low-complexity dual tasks impairs task performance due to the elevation-induced visual perturbations and anxiety-driven motor responses. On the other hand, in the absence of visual depth at height, high task complexity surprisingly improves the pursuit tracking performance. As expected, during both tasks, alterations in postural control were manifested in the form of a body sway decrement as a compensatory postural strategy for accomplishing tasks at high elevation. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=142335786&site=ehost-live | ||
| Continent-wide analysis of how urbanization affects bird-window collision mortality in North America | Hager, Stephen B.; Cosentino, Bradley J.; Aguilar-Gomez, Miguel A.; Anderson, Michelle L.; Bakermans, Marja; Boves, Than J.; Brandes, David; Butler, Michael W.; Butler, Eric M.; Cagle, Nicolette L.; Calderon-Parra, Rafael; Capparella, Angelo P.; Chen, Anqi; Cipollini, Kendra; Conkey, April A. T.; Contreras, Thomas A.; Cooper, Rebecca I.; Corbin, Clay E.; Curry, Robert L.; Dosch, Jerald J.; Drew, Martina G.; Dyson, Karen; Foster, Carolyn; Francis, Clinton D.; Fraser, Erin; Furbush, Ross; Hagemeyer, Natasha D. G.; Hopfensperger, Kristine N.; Klem, Daniel, Jr.; Lago, Elizabeth; Lahey, Ally; Lamp, Kevin; Lewis, Greg; Loss, Scott R.; Machtans, Craig S.; Madosky, Jessa; Maness, Terri J.; McKay, Kelly J.; Menke, Sean B.; Muma, Katherine E.; Ocampo-Penuela, Natalia; O'Connell, Timothy J.; Ortega-Alvarezk, Ruben; Pitt, Amber L.; Puga-Caballero, Aura L.; Quinn, John E.; Varian-Ramos, Claire W.; Riding, Corey S.; Roth, Amber M.; Saenger, Peter G.; Schmitz, Ryan T.; Schnurr, Jaclyn; Simmons, Matthew; Smith, Alexis D.; Sokoloski, Devin R.; Vigliotti, Jesse; Walters, Eric L.; Walters, Lindsey A.; Weir, J. T.; Winnett-Murray, Kathy; Withey, John C.; Zuria, Iriana | BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION | 2017 | Journal Article | Characteristics of buildings and land cover surrounding buildings influence the number of bird-window collisions, yet little is known about whether bird-window collisions are associated with urbanization at large spatial scales. We initiated a continent-wide study in North America to assess how bird-window collision mortality is influenced by building characteristics, landscaping around buildings, and regional urbanization. In autumn 2014, researchers at 40 sites (N = 281 buildings) used standardized protocols to document collision mortality of birds, evaluate building characteristics, and measure local land cover and regional urbanization. Overall, 324 bird carcasses were observed (range = 0-34 per site) representing 71 species. Consistent with previous studies, we found that building size had a strong positive effect on bird-window collision mortality, but the strength of the effect on mortality depended on regional urbanization. The positive relationship between collision mortality and building size was greatest at large buildings in regions of low urbanization, locally extensive lawns, and low density structures. Collision mortality was consistently low for small buildings, regardless of large-scale urbanization. The mechanisms shaping broad-scale variation in collision mortality during seasonal migration may be related to habitat selection at a hierarchy of scales and behavioral divergence between urban and rural bird populations. These results suggest that collision prevention measures should be prioritized at large buildings in regions of low urbanization throughout North America. | UNITED-STATES; STOPOVER DURATION; SPRING MIGRATION; ECOLOGY; RISK; RADAR; LIFE | Bird-window collisions; Anthropogenic mortality; Lights out program; Bird migration; Habitat selection; Behavioral divergence | |
| Comparative assessment of life cycle impacts of curtain wall mullions | Azari-N, Rahman; Kim, Yong-Woo | Building and Environment | 2012 | Journal Article | Glass curtain wall (Cw) systems have been inevitable elements of commercial buildings for over a century. The systems mainly consist of mullion materials and glazing units that are selected and designed to achieve the desired structural, thermal and daylighting performances as well as to meet cost and aesthetic concerns. The health and environmental life cycle impacts of CW systems, however, are not usually considered in design. The main objective of this paper is to study how change of mullion materials would affect the health and environmental impacts associated with a typical CW system over its life cycle. The mullion materials studied for the purpose of this paper include extruded aluminum, carbon steel and glulam timber. Also, the health and environmental impact categories of interest include global warming, acidification, eutrophication and human toxicity. To achieve the objective, a process-based cradle-to-gate attributional Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method was applied. Results indicate that CW system with glulam timber mullions causes the least and CW system with extruded aluminum mullions causes the most damage to the environment and human health over their life cycle. A CW system with carbon steel mullions falls in-between. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/comparative-assessment-life-cycle-impacts-curtain/docview/1733520417/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| An investigation of the daylighting simulation techniques and sky modeling practices for occupant centric evaluations | Inanici, Mehlika; Hashemloo, Alireza | BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT | 2017 | Journal Article | Occupant centric performance approaches in daylighting studies promote design decisions that support human visual comfort, productivity, and visual preferences, along with more conventional energy efficiency criteria. Simulating per-pixel luminance values and luminance distribution patterns for the entire scene allows us to analyze the occupant centric metrics and performance criteria. However, there are a number of different sky models, complex fenestration models, and simulation techniques that produce either conventional point in time images or annual luminance maps. This paper discusses the similarities and differences between different techniques; and a comparison analyses provides insight about their impact on occupant centric lighting measures. The comparisons for sky modeling include the conventional CIE skies (Clear, Intermediate, and Overcast), measurement based CIE models, Perez all-weather skies, and high dynamic range image based skies. The comparison of simulation techniques include point in time simulations, image based lighting simulations, and annual luminance simulations (threephase and five-phase methods). Results demonstrate that measurement based sky models match real world conditions with reasonable proximity, and generic CIE skies consistently underestimate the indoor lighting conditions. Annual simulation methods provide a large database of temporal luminance variations, where individual instances are comparable to point in time simulations. Long term luminance simulations provide opportunities to evaluate the percentage of the year that a given luminance based criteria is met or violated. (C)2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | COMPLEX FENESTRATION SYSTEMS; SCATTERING DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; DISCOMFORT GLARE; VISUAL COMFORT; DAYLIT SPACES; VALIDATION; RADIANCE; PERFORMANCE; OFFICES; DESIGN | Sky models; Daylight simulations; Point in time simulations; Image based lighting; Annual lighting simulations; Annual luminance maps | |
| The relation of perceived benefits and organizational supports to user satisfaction with building information model (BIM) | Wang, Guangbin; Song, Jiule | COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR | 2017 | Journal Article | In recent years, building information model (BIM) is becoming increasing popularity in architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry, many researchers and practitioners have verified the benefits of BIM as compared to traditional information technology, for example Autodesk CAD. As one of the key drivers of BIM adopt, BIM users are significantly impact on the success level of BIM implementation. As a factor leading to information system success and indicating the continuance intention after their initial adoption, BIM user satisfaction is studied in this work. Based on the data collected from 118 BIM engineers, this study examined the influence of five potential variables (such as attitude, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, top management support and management by objective) on BIM user satisfaction in AEC industry. The result from PLS (partial least square) showed that the perceived usefulness, top management support and management by objective are significantly associated with BIM user satisfaction, and the influence of management by objective on BIM user satisfaction is much stronger than top management support and perceived usefulness. Besides, perceived ease of use and attitude have a significant influence on perceived usefulness. Moreover, top management support is found to be positive associated with management by objective. Finally, the discussion of these results was presented. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | PERSONAL-COMPUTER UTILIZATION; TECHNOLOGY; ACCEPTANCE; MANAGEMENT; SUCCESS; SYSTEMS; PLS; ATTRIBUTES; OBJECTIVES; VARIABLES | BIM user satisfaction; Perceived ease of use; Perceived usefulness; Top management support; Management by objective | |
| Periurbanization and the politics of development-as-city-building in China | Abramson, Daniel Benjamin | CITIES | 2016 | Journal Article | China stands out among recently urbanized societies for the planned physicality of its rural-urban transformation the extensive marshaling of labor, capital and material resources to remake its cities and to transform rural land and communities into new, formal urban space. In China, the rural and the urban are distinguished in deeply dichotomous institutions of government, and peri-urbanization, defined as the disorderly spaces, processes and conditions of becoming urban, would appear to be a temporary stage of transition between an old rural socio-spatial order to a new urban socio-spatial order. The actual contested politics of development as-urbanization suggests otherwise, however, both on a national scale and on a community scale. The definition of development itself is at stake, and emerges unpredictably from peri-urban experience. A view of periurbanization as a process of socio-ecological adaptation is better suited to societies that have evolved in long settled, densely populated anthropogenic agrarian landscapes. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. | URBAN-GROWTH; CHENGDU; URBANIZATION | Adaptation; Resilience; Alternative development; Chengdu; Socialist New Countryside Construction; New Rural Reconstruction | |
| Seeking Northlake: Place, technology, and public as enabling constraints for urban transdisciplinary research | Brown, Megan; Benson, G. Odessa Gonzalez; Keel, Roneva; Mahoney, Eleanor; Porter, Jennifer; Thompson, James | CITIES | 2017 | Journal Article | This article reviews the urban transdisciplinary research of the Northlake Collective, a multidisciplinary group of graduate students in the University of Washington's Lake Union Laboratory. Through a series of place-based investigations, we explored a small slice of Seattle ultimately seeking to engage the public through an online digital humanities portal. The broader goal of our work and this paper is to address how we, as a team of emerging scholars, understand and investigate 'cities' in the current century as both networked at the global scale and dynamic places for everyday interactions and processes. The paradoxes and complexity inherent to understanding the 'city' and how to address these concerns led us to develop a framework that might enrich grounded urban theory through the 'enabling constraints' of place, technology and public. The productive character of these three concepts, combined with the practical constraints and interrelationships they bring to bear, allowed us to deepen our work and produced the context for our research of Northlake. We propose this tripartite framework for exploring the contemporary city via the structure afforded by transdisciplinary, born-digital collaborations. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | MEMORY-WORK; LOCAL TRAP; CITY; POLITICS; CONTEXT; CITIES; GEOGRAPHIES; THINKING; SYSTEMS; AGENCY | Transdisciplinary urbanism; Enabling constraints; Place; Technology; Public; Collaboration | |
| What county-level factors influence COVID-19 incidence in the United States? Findings from the first wave of the pandemic. | Wang, Lan; Zhang, Surong; Yang, Zilin; Zhao, Ziyu; Moudon, Anne Vernez; Feng, Huasen; Liang, Junhao; Sun, Wenyao; Cao, Buyang | Cities | 2021 | Journal Article | Effective control of the COVID-19 pandemic via appropriate management of the built environment is an urgent issue. This study develops a research framework to explore the relationship between COVID-19 incidence and influential factors related to protection of vulnerable populations, intervention in transmission pathways, and provision of healthcare resources. Relevant data for regression analysis and structural equation modeling is collected during the first wave of the pandemic in the United States, from counties with over 100 confirmed cases. In addition to confirming certain factors found in the existing literature, we uncover six new factors significantly associated with COVID-19 incidence. Furthermore, incidence during the lockdown is found to significantly affect incidence after the reopening, highlighting that timely quarantining and treating of patients is essential to avoid the snowballing transmission over time. These findings suggest ways to mitigate the negative effects of subsequent waves of the pandemic, such as special attention of infection prevention in neighborhoods with unsanitary and overcrowded housing, minimization of social activities organized by neighborhood associations, and contactless home delivery service of healthy food. Also worth noting is the need to provide support to people less capable of complying with the stay-at-home order because of their occupations or socio-economic disadvantage. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/what-county-level-factors-influence-covid-19/docview/2584777539/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| An empirical analysis of the influence of urban form on household travel and energy consumption | Liu, Chao; Shen, Qing | Computers, Environment & Urban Systems | 2011 | Journal Article | Using the 2001 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) data, this paper empirically examines the effects of urban land use characteristics on household travel and transportation energy consumption in the Baltimore metropolitan area. The results of regression analysis show that different built environment measures lead to substantially different findings regarding the importance of urban form in influencing travel behavior. Among the built environment variables used in the analysis, accessibility provides much more explanatory power than density, design and diversity measures. Moreover, this study explores approaches to modeling the connection between urban form and household transportation energy consumption. Applying Structural Equation Models (SEMs), we found that urban form does not have a direct effect either on VMT or on vehicle energy consumption. The indirect effect, however, is significant and negative, which suggests that urban form affects household travel and energy consumption through other channels. In addition, household socio-economic characteristics, such as gender and number of vehicles, and vehicle characteristics also show significant relationships between VMT and energy consumption. This empirical effort helps us understand the major data and methodology challenges. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=64481579&site=ehost-live | ||
| Accelerated construction of urban intersections with Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP) | Nemati, Kamran M.; Uhlmeyer, Jeff S. | CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS | 2021 | Journal Article | The frequent maintenance required on asphalt concrete (AC) pavement sections has made reconstruction with portland cement concrete pavement (PCCP) a feasible alternative. However, many constructability issues need to be addressed in order to realize the full potential of this alternative. Accelerated paving encompasses three classes of activities: methods to accelerate the rate of strength gain, methods to minimize the construction time, and traffic control strategies to minimize user delay. In this paper a case study will be presented in which an AC intersection was reconstructed with portland cement concrete pavement. The entire reconstruction of the intersection, including demolition of the AC pavement and its replacement with PCCP, took place over a period of three days, starting on Thursday evening and opening the intersection to the traffic on Sunday afternoon. This paper documents this effort in order to provide practitioners additional options for rapid reconstruction of urban intersections and includes documentation of the construction process, traffic management strategies, and an analysis of the costs. The results of this investigation can be used to educate pavement construction professionals and the academic community on the use of PCCP for accelerated reconstruction of major urban intersections with minimal user and traffic disruption, using innovative construction techniques and traffic management optimization principles. This investigation produced valuable information to demonstrate that concrete pavements can be constructed efficiently and quickly. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. | Concrete; Accelerated construction; Pavement; Portland cement concrete pavement; Maturity method | ||
| Mean-variance portfolio analysis data for optimizing community-based photovoltaic investment | Shakouri, Mahmoud; Lee, Hyun Woo | DATA IN BRIEF | 2016 | Journal Article | The amount of electricity generated by Photovoltaic (PV) systems is affected by factors such as shading, building orientation and roof slope. To increase electricity generation and reduce volatility in generation of PV systems, a portfolio of PV systems can be made which takes advantages of the potential synergy among neighboring buildings. This paper contains data supporting the research article entitled: PACPIM: new decision-support model of optimized portfolio analysis for community-based photovoltaic investment [1]. We present a set of data relating to physical properties of 24 houses in Oregon, USA, along with simulated hourly electricity data for the installed PV systems. The developed Matlab code to construct optimized portfolios is also provided in Supplementary materials. The application of these files can be generalized to variety of communities interested in investing on PV systems. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. | Community solar; Photovoltaic system; Portfolio theory; Energy optimization; Electricity volatility | ||
| Within- and between-person associations of neighborhood poverty with alcohol use and consequences: A monthly study of young adults. | Rhew, Isaac C.; Duckworth, Jennifer C.; Hurvitz, Philip M.; Lee, Christine M. | Drug & Alcohol Dependence | 2020 | Journal Article | Background: Studies have shown associations between neighborhood disadvantage and alcohol misuse among adults. Less is known about the role of neighborhood context in young adults (YAs), who engage in more disordered forms of alcohol use compared to other age groups. Using data collected monthly, this study examined whether YAs reported more alcohol use and consequences when they were living in neighborhoods with greater concentration of poverty. Method: This study used data from 746 participants aged 18-23 years living in the Seattle, WA, region. Surveys were administered each month for 24 consecutive months. Measures included typical number of drinks per week and past month count of alcohol-related consequences. Residential addresses at each month were geocoded and linked to census-tract level percentage of households living at or below poverty threshold. Multilevel over-dispersed Poisson models were used to estimate associations between standardized monthly deviations in tract-level poverty from one's average and alcohol outcomes. Results: Across 14,247 monthly observations, the mean number of typical drinks per week was 4.8 (SD = 7.4) and the mean number of alcohol consequences was 2.1 (SD = 3.5). On months when they were living in neighborhoods with higher levels of poverty than their average, participants reported significantly higher levels of alcohol consequences (Count Ratio = 1.05; p = .045). Conclusion: YAs may engage in more problematic forms of drinking when they reside in neighborhoods with higher levels of disadvantage. During a time of frequent residential changes, YAs moving to more disadvantaged neighborhoods may benefit from additional supports. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=143682048&site=ehost-live | ||
| Impact of a sweetened beverage tax on beverage prices in Seattle, WA | Jones-Smith, Jessica C.; Walkinshaw, Lina Pinero; Oddo, Vanessa M.; Knox, Melissa; Neuhouser, Marian L.; Hurvitz, Philip M.; Saelens, Brian E.; Chan, Nadine | ECONOMICS & HUMAN BIOLOGY | 2020 | Journal Article | Seattle's Sweetened Beverage Tax is an excise tax of 1.75 cents per ounce on sugar-sweetened beverages and is one of the highest beverage taxes in the U.S. This study examined the impact of Seattle's tax on the prices of beverages. We conducted audits of 407 retail food stores and eating places (quick service restaurants and coffee shops) before and 6 months after the tax was implemented in Seattle and in a comparison area. Ordinary least squares difference-in-differences models with store fixed effects were used to estimate the effect of the tax on prices, stratified by beverage type and store type. In secondary analyses, we assessed the effect of the tax on the price of non-taxed beverages and foods. Results from the adjusted difference-in-differences models indicated the tax was associated with an average increase of 1.58 cents per ounce among Seattle retailers, representing 90 % of the price of the tax. By store type, price increases were highest in smaller grocery stores and drug stores. By beverage type, price increases were highest for energy beverages and soda and lowest for bottled coffee and juice drinks. Prices of some nontaxed beverages also increased while the prices of select healthy foods generally did not. The sweetened beverage tax in Seattle is higher than beverage taxes in most other cities, and nearly the full cost of the tax is being passed through to consumers for many beverage types and stores types. (c) 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V. | Soda taxes; Food policy; Health policy; Beverage taxes; Obesity | ||
| Statistical analysis of embodied carbon emission for building construction. | Kang, Goune; Kim, Taehoon; Kim, Yong-Woo; Cho, Hunhee; Kang, Kyung-In | Energy and Buildings | 2015 | Journal Article | Buildings are significant contributors to the greenhouse effect through emission of considerable carbon dioxide during their life cycle. Life cycle carbon resulting from buildings consists of two components: operational carbon (OC) and embodied carbon (EC). Recent studies have shown the growing significance of EC because much effort has already been invested into reducing OC. In this context, it is important to estimate and reduce EC. Because of the variability and uncertainty contained in a range of conditions, the EC of building needs to be calculated based on probabilistic analysis. This study identifies and analyzes the statistical characteristics of EC emitted from building construction materials. It was aimed at buildings constructed of reinforced concrete and nine representative construction materials. Descriptive statistics analysis, correlation analysis, and a goodness-of-fit test were performed to describe the statistical characteristics of EC. In addition, a case study was carried out to show the difference between the deterministic and probabilistic estimations. Presenting statistical information on EC data and the differences between the deterministic and probabilistic values, the result shows the necessity and reasonability of the probabilistic method for EC estimation. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=109395884&site=ehost-live | ||
| Activity-based life cycle analysis of a curtain wall supply for reducing its environmental impact. | Yi, June-Seong; Kim, Yong-Woo; Lim, Ji Youn; Lee, Jeehee | Energy and Buildings | 2017 | Journal Article | Life-Cycle Assessment has been used extensively in the construction industry to assess the environmental impacts of building materials. Attributional LCA considers processes in a supply chain which allows users to identify a process to improve to minimize the environmental impacts. However, the level of detail adopted in traditional attributional LCA is aggregate, not appropriate for process improvement efforts in the construction project context which is characterized as a complex system. This paper proposes Activity-based LCA (ABLCA) which adopts the methodology of the activity-based costing system to carry out the assessment and analysis of environmental impacts for the life cycle. The research carried out a case study on the curtain wall supply chain. The outcome of inventory analysis for each activity and environmental impact assessment showed the curtain wall supply chain process made an impact on five environmental impact categories: global warming air, acidification air, HH criteria air; eutrophication air, and photochemical smog air. With comparison to the outcome of environmental impact assessment from existing LCA, the proposed management system to investigate environmental impacts was addressed. The proposed ABLCA enables management to develop an environmental-impacts-reduction plan focusing on critical activities. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/activity-based-life-cycle-analysis-curtain-wall/docview/1932061506/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Embodied carbon as a proxy for the environmental impact of earthquake damage repair | Simonen, K.; Huang, M.; Aicher, C.; Morris, P. | Energy and Buildings | 2018 | Journal Article | In evaluating the life cycle environmental impacts of buildings, the contributions of seismic damage are rarely considered. In order to enable a more comprehensive assessment of a building's environmental impact by accounting for seismic events, this project developed an environmental impact database of building component seismic damage - the largest of its kind known to date - by combining data from Carnegie Mellon University's Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) database with cost estimates of repair previously developed for FEMA's Performance Assessment Calculation Tool (PACT), a software that models probabilistic seismic damage in buildings. Fifteen indicators of environmental impacts were calculated for the repair of approximately 800 building components for up to five levels of seismic damage, capturing 'embodied' impacts related to cradle-to-gate manufacturing of building materials, products, and equipment. Analysis of the data revealed that non-structural and architectural finishes often dominated the environmental impacts of seismic damage per dollar spent in repair. A statistical analysis was performed on the data using Principal Component Analysis, confirming that embodied carbon, a popular metric for evaluating environmental impacts in building LCAs, is a suitable proxy for other relevant environmental impact metrics when assessing the impact of repairing earthquake damage of buildings. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/embodied-carbon-as-proxy-environmental-impact/docview/2065060237/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Mechanical, electrical, plumbing and tenant improvements over the building lifetime: Estimating material quantities and embodied carbon for climate change mitigation | Rodriguez, Barbara X.; Huang, Monica; Lee, Hyun Woo; Simonen, Kathrina; Ditto, Jim | ENERGY AND BUILDINGS | 2020 | Journal Article | The building industry is expanding its ability to mitigate the environmental impacts of buildings through the application of life cycle assessment (LCA). Most building LCA studies focus on core and shell (C&S) and rarely assess mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) and tenant improvements (TI). However, C&S typologies in the commercial sector pose particular challenges to achieving net zero carbon due to the numerous renovations these building undergo through during their service life. MEP and TI are installed multiple times over the lifetime of commercial buildings leading to cumulative environmental impact caused by increasing material quantities and embodied carbon (EC). This study aimed to establish a preliminary range of material quantities and embodied carbon impacts for MEP and TI components, focusing on commercial office buildings in the Pacific Northwest. The first research stage involved quantifying material quantities while a second stage aimed to calculate Embodied Carbon Coefficients (ECC) and LCA impacts using different data sources. The embodied carbon estimates ranged from 40 to 75 kg CO(2)e/m(2) for MEP and 45-135 kg CO(2)e/m(2) for TI. However, with recurring instalments during a life span of 60 years the impacts become comparable to known impacts of core and shell systems. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. | Embodied carbon; Life cycle assessment; Tenant improvement; Mechanical; Electrical and plumbing | ||
| In situ measurement of wind pressure loadings on pedestal style rooftop photovoltaic panels | Bender, W.; Waytuck, D.; Wang, S.; Reed, D. A. | Engineering Structures | 2018 | Journal Article | The installation of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) arrays is increasing throughout the US. Until recently, pedestal type PV framing systems for rooftops were basically designed using procedures from the ASCE7-10 Components and Cladding Standard for rooftop equipment. The 2011 Japanese Standard Load design guide on structures for photovoltaic arrays was useful in characterizing the pressure coefficients on rooftops, but the Standard employs different wind speed and importance factors, making its use in the US quite limited, Even the updated 2017 version is written for a different audience. Because rooftop pressure loadings are high due to flow separation, SEAOC and other organizations contracted boundary layer wind tunnel tests of panels attached to rooftops to ascertain if the ASCE7-10 equipment loadings were appropriate. The investigations resulted in new standards for pedestal-style arrays that appear in Chapter 29 of ASCE7-16. However, the new standards are limited to simple geometries and orientations, and the dynamics of the simply-supported thin PV plates do not appear to be considered. Questions regarding the ability of the boundary tunnels to simulate accurately the turbulence at the scale required for the attached panels have been raised. In response, very limited full-scale investigations in large-scale tunnels and in situ have been undertaken to calibrate the tunnel results. The results of this paper represent one of these calibration investigations. Specifically, in situ full-scale net wind pressure loadings on a rooftop PV array in a pedestal-style framing system located on the three story Hogue Technology Building of Central Washington University (CWU) in Ellensburg, Washington were measured. The CWU campus has a rural setting in a region with steady winds: Ellensburg is located in the Kittitas Breezeway portion of the Northwest wind power region. Indeed, the Wild Horse Wind and Solar Farm is located on the outskirts of town. The data described here were collected from April through August 2014. The measured net pressure coefficient time series were similar to those for rooftop pressure loadings for low-rise buildings described in the literature such as the Wind Engineering Research Field Laboratory at Texas Tech University (Ham and Bienkiewicz, 1998 [1]; Levitan and Mehta, 1992 [2]). The analysis of the net pressure time series data included an examination of the minimum, maximum, mean, and RMS values. Preliminary results suggest that the range of the values is larger than assumed in the ASCE7 Standard, and that the magnitude of the loadings vary considerably spatially over the multiple panel array. The pressure loading measurements are ongoing. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/situ-measurement-wind-pressure-loadings-on/docview/2065252963/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Evaluating direct energy savings and market transformation effects: A decade of technical design assistance in the northwestern USA | Van den Wymelenberg, Kevin; Brown, G. Z.; Burpee, Heather; Djunaedy, Ery; Gladics, Gunnar; Kline, Jeff; Loveland, Joel; Meek, Christopher; Thimmanna, Harshana | ENERGY POLICY | 2013 | Journal Article | This paper documents the direct energy savings and energy efficiency market transformation impacts of a multi-state design assistance program in the northwestern US. The paper addresses four specific aims. (1) It provides a conservative and justified estimate of the direct energy savings associated with design assistance activities of a market transformation program from 2001 to 2010. (2) It provides a rigorous methodology to evaluate direct energy savings associated with design assistance market transformation programs. (3) It provides a low-cost replicable method to predict energy savings in new buildings by evaluating the integrated design process. (4) It provides quantitative indicators useful for estimating indirect energy savings from market transformation. Applying the recommended analysis method and assuming a 12-year measure life, the direct energy savings of the population (626 buildings; 51,262,000 ft(2)) is estimated as 453 aMW (average megawatts) (electric), and 265,738.089 therms (non-electric). If the entire program budget were divided into the electric savings only, the Lab Network cost per kWh saved ranged from $0.0016 to $0.003 using the recommended method and $0.0092/kWh using the most conservative method. These figures do not isolate contextual influences or represent total resource cost. Statistically significant correlations (r(2)=0.1-0.3) between integrated design scores and energy savings are reported. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | PROGRAMS; SWEDEN | Energy efficiency; Market transformation; Evaluation | |
| High delinquency rates in Brazil's Minha Casa Minha Vida housing program: Possible causes and necessary reforms. | Acolin, Arthur; Hoek-Smit, Marja C.; Eloy, Claudia Magalhaes | Habitat International | 2019 | Journal Article | Brazil's main housing program, Minha Casa Minha Vida (MCMV), has contracted the construction of over 3 million housing units since 2009, providing access to homeownership for low and middle-income households through a combination of credit, subsidies and guarantees. In this paper, we analyze disaggregated delinquency information at the project level for the section of the program that serves households in the lowest income range (Faixa 1). Our analysis of program performance in six metropolitan regions shows an overall level of delinquency of 28% as of the end of 2015. We identify four hypotheses to explain this elevated level of delinquency: the peripheral location of the units, insufficient income to cover ongoing costs, moral hazard in the management of the program, and organized crime in some projects. Our analysis shows that in 4 of the 6 regions, low-income projects in peripheral locations exhibit substantially higher non-payment levels and that lower income households have higher levels of delinquency. Based on our analysis, we recommend modifications to program design, including the inclusion of location criteria in subsidy scaling. The findings provide evidence of the limits of MCMV Faixa l's approach to solving Brazilian low-income housing needs and contribute to an emerging body of literature pointing to the importance of location in housing programs. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=134151521&site=ehost-live | ||
| Genetic and environmental influences on residential location in the US | Duncan, Glen E.; Dansie, Elizabeth J.; Strachan, Eric; Munsell, Melissa; Huang, Ruizhu; Moudon, Anne Vernez; Goldberg, Jack; Buchwald, Dedra | Health & Place | 2012 | Journal Article | We used a classical twin design and measures of neighborhood walkability and social deprivation, using each twin's street address, to examine genetic and environmental influences on the residential location of 1389 same-sex pairs from a US community-based twin registry. Within-pair correlations and structural equation models estimated these influences on walkability among younger (ages 18-24.9) and older (ages 25+) twins. Adjusting for social deprivation, walkability of residential location was primarily influenced by common environment with lesser contributions of unique environment and genetic factors among younger twins, while unique environment most strongly influenced walkability, with small genetic and common environment effects, among older twins. Thus, minimal variance in walkability was explained by shared genetic effects in younger and older twins, and confirms the importance of environmental factors in walkability of residential locations. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=73968980&site=ehost-live | ||
| Does neighborhood walkability moderate the effects of intrapersonal characteristics on amount of walking in post-menopausal women? | Perry, Cynthia K.; Herting, Jerald R.; Berke, Ethan M.; Nguyen, Huong Q.; Moudon, Anne Vernez; Beresford, Shirley A. A.; Ockene, Judith K.; Manson, JoAnn E.; LaCroix, Andrea Z. | Health & Place | 2013 | Journal Article | This study identifies factors associated with walking among postmenopausal women and tests whether neighborhood walkability moderates the influence of intrapersonal factors on walking. We used data from the Women's Health Initiative Seattle Center and linear regression models to estimate associations and interactions. Being white and healthy, having a high school education or beyond and greater non-walking exercise were significantly associated with more walking. Neighborhood walkability was not independently associated with greater walking, nor did it moderate influence of intrapersonal factors on walking. Specifying types of walking (e.g., for transportation) can elucidate the relationships among intrapersonal factors, the built environment, and walking. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=86924088&site=ehost-live | ||
| Stepping towards causation in studies of neighborhood and environmental effects: How twin research can overcome problems of selection and reverse causation | Duncan, Glen E.; Mills, Brianna; Strachan, Eric; Hurvitz, Philip; Huang, Ruizhu; Moudon, Anne Vernez; Turkheimer, Eric | HEALTH & PLACE | 2014 | Journal Article | No causal evidence is available to translate associations between neighborhood characteristics and health outcomes into beneficial changes to built environments. Observed associations may be causal or result from uncontrolled confounds related to family upbringing. Twin designs can help neighborhood effects studies overcome selection and reverse causation problems in specifying causal mechanisms. Beyond quantifying genetic effects (i.e., heritability coefficients), we provide examples of innovative measures and analytic methods that use twins as quasi-experimental controls for confounding by environmental effects. We conclude that collaboration among investigators from multiple fields can move the field forward by designing studies that step toward causation. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved, | RESIDENTIAL LOCATION; METHYLATION; GENE; INTERPLAY; OBESITY | Causality; Environment design; Lifestyle risk reduction; Social and built environments; Twin studies | |
| The association between park visitation and physical activity measured with accelerometer, GPS, and travel diary. | Stewart, Orion T.; Moudon, Anne Vernez; Fesinmeyer, Megan D.; Zhou, Chuan; Saelens, Brian E. | Health & Place | 2016 | Journal Article | Public parks are promoted as places that support physical activity (PA), but evidence of how park visitation contributes to overall PA is limited. This study observed adults living in the Seattle metropolitan area (n=671) for one week using accelerometer, GPS, and travel diary. Park visits, measured both objectively (GPS) and subjectively (travel diary), were temporally linked to accelerometer-measured PA. Park visits occurred at 1.4 per person-week. Participants who visited parks at least once (n=308) had an adjusted average of 14.3 (95% Cl: 8.9, 19.6) min more daily PA than participants who did not visit a park. Even when park-related activity was excluded, park visitors still obtained more minutes of daily PA than non-visitors. Park visitation contributes to a more active lifestyle, but is not solely responsible for it. Parks may best serve to complement broader public health efforts to encourage PA. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=113539380&site=ehost-live | ||
| Why neighborhood park proximity is not associated with total physical activity. | Stewart, Orion T.; Moudon, Anne Vernez; Littman, Alyson J.; Seto, Edmund; Saelens, Brian E. | Health & Place | 2018 | Journal Article | This study explored how parks within the home neighborhood contribute to total physical activity (PA) by isolating park-related PA. Seattle-area adults (n = 634) were observed using time-matched accelerometer, Global Positioning System (GPS), and travel diary instruments. Of the average 42.3 min of daily total PA, only 11% was related to parks. Both home neighborhood park count and area were associated with park-based PA, but not with PA that occurred elsewhere, which comprised 89% of total PA. This study demonstrates clear benefits of neighborhood parks for contributing to park-based PA while helping explain why proximity to parks is rarely associated with overall PA. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=130792144&site=ehost-live | ||
| Neighborhood food environment, dietary fatty acid biomarkers, and cardiac arrest risk. | Mooney, Stephen J.; Lemaitre, Rozenn N.; Siscovick, David S.; Horvitz, Philip; Goh, Charlene E.; Kaufman, Tanya K.; Zulaika, Garazi; Sheehan, Daniel M.; Sotoodehnia, Nona; Lovasi, Gina S. | Health & Place | 2018 | Journal Article | We explored links between food environments, dietary intake biomarkers, and sudden cardiac arrest in a population-based longitudinal study using cases and controls accruing between 1990 and 2010 in King County, WA. Surprisingly, presence of more unhealthy food sources near home was associated with a lower 18:1 trans-fatty acid concentration ( - 0.05% per standard deviation higher count of unhealthy food sources, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.01, 0.09). However, presence of more unhealthy food sources was associated with higher odds of cardiac arrest (Odds Ratio [OR]: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.19, 4.41 per standard deviation in unhealthy food outlets). While unhealthy food outlets were associated with higher cardiac arrest risk, circulating 18:1 trans fats did not explain the association. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/neighborhood-food-environment-dietary-fatty-acid/docview/2127425636/se-2 | ||
| Residential neighborhood features associated with objectively measured walking near home: Revisiting walkability using the Automatic Context Measurement Tool (ACMT) | Mooney, Stephen J.; Hurvitz, Philip M.; Moudon, Anne Vernez; Zhou, Chuan; Dalmat, Ronit; Saelens, Brian E. | HEALTH & PLACE | 2020 | Journal Article | Many distinct characteristics of the social, natural, and built neighborhood environment have been included in walkability measures, and it is unclear which measures best describe the features of a place that support walking. We developed the Automatic Context Measurement Tool, which measures neighborhood environment characteristics from public data for any point location in the United States. We explored these characteristics in home neighborhood environments in relation to walking identified from integrated GPS, accelerometer, and travel log data from 681 residents of King Country, WA. Of 146 neighborhood characteristics, 92 (63%) were associated with walking bout counts after adjustment for individual characteristics and correction for false discovery. The strongest built environment predictor of walking bout count was housing unit count. Models using data-driven and a priori defined walkability measures exhibited similar fit statistics. Walkability measures consisting of different neighborhood characteristic measurements may capture the same underlying variation in neighborhood conditions. | BUILT-ENVIRONMENT; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; TRANSIT; DENSITY; OBESITY; WEIGHT; TIME; GPS | American Community survey; EPA Walkability index; Neighborhood Environment-Wide Association; Study; Walking bouts | |
| Measurement of neighborhood-based physical activity bouts | Duncan, Glen E.; Hurvitz, Philip M.; Moudon, Anne Vernez; Avery, Ally R.; Tsang, Siny | HEALTH & PLACE | 2021 | Journal Article | This study examined how buffer type (shape), size, and the allocation of activity bouts inside buffers that delineate the neighborhood spatially produce different estimates of neighborhood-based physical activity. A sample of 375 adults wore a global positioning system (GPS) data logger and accelerometer over 2 weeks under free-living conditions. Analytically, the amount of neighborhood physical activity measured objectively varies substantially, not only due to buffer shape and size, but by how GPS-based activity bouts are identified with respect to containment within neighborhood buffers. To move the neighborhood-effects literature forward, it is critical to delineate the spatial extent of the neighborhood, given how different ways of measuring GPS-based activity containment will result in different levels of physical activity across different buffer types and sizes. | BUILT ENVIRONMENT; WALKING; HOME | Accelerometry; Geographic information systems; GPS; Neighborhood; Physical activity | |
| Association of neighborhood physical activity opportunities with incident cardiovascular disease in the Cardiovascular Health Study. | Garg, Parveen K.; Platt, Jonathan M.; Hirsch, Jana A.; Hurvitz, Philip; Rundle, Andrew; Biggs, Mary Lou; Psaty, Bruce M.; Moore, Kari; Lovasi, Gina S. | Health & Place | 2021 | Journal Article | We determined associations of cumulative exposures to neighborhood physical activity opportunities with risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). We included 3595 participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study recruited between 1989 and 1993 (mean age = 73; 60% women; 11% black). Neighborhood environment measures were calculated using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and annual information from the National Establishment Time Series database, including the density of (1) walking destinations and (2) physical activity/ recreational facilities in a 1- and 5-km radius around the respondent's home. Incident CVD was defined as the development of myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death and associations with time to incident CVD were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. A total of 1986 incident CVD cases occurred over a median follow-up of 11.2 years. After adjusting for baseline and time-varying individual and neighborhood-level confounding, a one standard deviation increase in walking destinations and physical activity/recreational facilities within 5 km of home was associated with a respective 7% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.87-0.99) and 12% (95% CI = 0.73-1.0) decreased risk of incident CVD. No significant associations were noted within a 1-km radius. Efforts to improve the availability of physical activity resources in neighborhoods may be an important strategy for lowering CVD. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=151649184&site=ehost-live | ||
| Are we prepared for the economic risk resulting from telecom hotel disruptions? | Armbruster, Ginger; Endicott-Popousky, Barbara; Whittington, Jan | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION | 2012 | Journal Article | Large and small businesses in Seattle, Washington, as in most urban centers across the United States, increasingly rely on telecom hotels and related telecommunications centers to conduct business operations. What would be the economic impact to these businesses if a natural or man-made disaster were to make this infrastructure unavailable for a significant period of time? How long would it take for the owners of small businesses, which provide the foundation for economic recovery, to give up and move away? Are metropolitan regions prepared for this risk? This paper draws on publicly available reports of telecom hotel investments to examine the economic risks that such telecommunications hubs pose at the regional scale. New York City and Seattle are two urban areas that depend on key investments in telecom hotels. In the Pacific Northwest, these assets are located downtown, primarily in the center of the urban real estate market of Seattle. Although the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 were directed at the World Trade Center in Lower Manhattan, collateral damage to a major telecommunications hub brought outages during and after the attacks that highlighted the serious risk posed to small- and mid-sized businesses from disruptions in telecommunications service. The Seattle case study illustrates the potential to learn from the experience in Lower Manhattan and apply this knowledge across the United States. Regional economic analysis of the benefits of and the means to protect small- and mid-sized businesses can provide the basis for strategic investments that minimize economic loss and reduce the recovery time. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. | Telecommunications hubs; Telecom hotels; Business continuity; Risk | ||
| Threats to municipal information systems posed by aging infrastructure | Armbruster, Ginger; Endicott-Popovsky, Barbara; Whittington, Jan | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION | 2013 | Journal Article | State and local governments across the United States are leveraging the Internet and associated technologies to dramatically change the way they offer public services. While they are motivated to capture efficiencies, the public entities increasingly rely on information systems that are dependent on energy and related civil structures. This reliance is incongruous with the widespread awareness of aging infrastructure - decaying for lack of investment - in cities across the United States. Important questions that come up in this environment of persistent expansion of the use of digital assets are the following: What threat does aging infrastructure pose to governmental reliance on computing infrastructures? How are local governments responding to this threat? Are the solutions posed appropriate to the problem, or do they pose new and different threats? This paper uses a case involving the disruption of a local government data center due to the failure of an electrical bus to illustrate how the threats of aging infrastructure grow, quietly and steadily, into emergencies, on par with the catastrophic events encountered in the context of critical infrastructure protection. The decisions precipitating the disruption are routine, borne of circumstances shared by agencies that are pressed to maintain services with scarce resources. Patterns of capital investment and management explain the emergence of crises in routine operations. If, as in the case described in this paper, deferred maintenance motivates public agents to explore private cloud services, then governments may solve several problems, but may also be exposed to new risks as they enter into arrangements from which they are unable to exit. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. | Aging infrastructure; Municipal data center; Capital improvement; Interdependence | ||
| Households' immediate Responses to the 2009 American Samoa Earthquake and Tsunami | Lindell, Michael K.; Prater, Carla S.; Gregg, Christopher E.; Apatu, Emma J. I.; Huang, Shih-Kai; Wu, Hao Che | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION | 2015 | Journal Article | This study used variables from the Protective Action Decision Model to guide data collection about 262 residents' responses to the 2009 Samoa M8.1 earthquake and tsunami. The results show that earthquake shaking, combined with knowledge that this can cause a tsunami, was the most common source of first awareness about a possible tsunami and that broadcast media were the most common first social sources of warnings. Radio was an important source of additional information, as were face-to-face contacts and phone calls. Contrary to previous research, few of the recommended elements of a warning message were communicated to those at risk and none of these message elements was significantly correlated with evacuation. Nonetheless, two thirds of coastal residents and half of inland residents began evacuations within 15 min after the earthquake. Those who had participated in earthquake hazard awareness meetings had higher risk perceptions but were no more likely to evacuate to higher ground or evacuate promptly. This study's results are broadly consistent with previous findings on disaster response but raise a number of unresolved questions about behavioral response to rapid onset disasters. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | EVACUATION; DISSEMINATION; PREPAREDNESS; INFORMATION; INDONESIA; EVENTS | Tsunami; Earthquake; Environmental cues; Warning response; Evacuation | |
| Perceptions of earthquake early warnings on the US West Coast | Dunn, Peter T.; Ahn, Alicia Y. E.; Bostrom, Ann; Vidale, John E. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION | 2016 | Journal Article | Earthquake early warning systems can provide seconds to minutes of lead time by alerting people that an earthquake has started and shaking is coming, enabling them to take protective action. To examine how earthquake early warnings might be received on the U.S. West coast, we conducted surveys of residents in the west coast states of Washington, Oregon and California (N=2595) through Google paywall intercept surveys administered in three rounds between September 2014 and September 2015. A majority of residents in all states (61% WA, 54% OR, 70% CA) have personally experienced an earthquake. Those who have experienced an earthquake perceive higher risk and greater potential for effectively reducing that risk with earthquake early warning. Although respondents feel that federal and local government should pay for earthquake early warning, almost two-thirds report being willing to pay something for an Earthquake Early Alert app on [their] smartphone or personal computer. Median willingness to pay per month is $1. Perceived risk, perceived effectiveness of earthquake early warning, and anticipated or experienced emotional responses to earthquakes influence judgments of and preferences for earthquake early warning, although personal experience of earthquakes conditions these influences. Further, highly visible mass media communications such as the New Yorker article The Really Big One and the movie San Andreas increase earthquake risk perceptions. Overall, interest in and support for earthquake early warning on the U.S. West Coast appears strong. | FEAR APPEALS; HAZARD; MODEL; RISK; PREPAREDNESS; INFORMATION; ADJUSTMENT; CONTEXT | Earthquake early warning; Risk perception; Risk communication; Hazard preparation; Willingness to pay | |
| Perceptions and reactions to tornado warning polygons: Would a gradient polygon be useful? | Jon, Ihnji; Huang, Shih-Kai; Lindell, Michael K. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION | 2018 | Journal Article | To better understand people's interpretations of National Weather Service's tornado warning polygons, 145 participants were shown 22 hypothetical scenarios in one of four displays-deterministic polygon, deterministic polygon + radar image, gradient polygon, and gradient polygon + radar image. Participants judged each polygon's numerical strike probability (p(s)) and reported the likelihood of taking seven different response actions. The deterministic polygon display produced p(s) that were highest at the polygon's centroid and declined in all directions from there. The deterministic polygon + radar display, the gradient polygon display, and the gradient polygon + radar display produced p(s) that were high at the polygon's centroid and also at its edge nearest the tornadic storm cell. Overall, p(s) values were negatively related to resuming normal activities, but positively correlated with expectations of resuming normal activities, seeking information from social sources, seeking shelter, and evacuating by car. These results replicate the finding that participants make more appropriate p(s) judgments when polygons are presented in their natural context of radar images than when the polygons are presented in isolation and that gradient displays appear to provide no appreciable benefit. The fact that p(s) judgments had moderately positive correlations with both sheltering (a generally appropriate response) and evacuation (a generally inappropriate response) provides experimental confirmation that people threatened by actual tornadoes are conflicted about which protective action to take. | PROTECTIVE ACTION; UNCERTAINTY; RISK; PSYCHOLOGY; CASUALTIES | Tornado warning polygons; Risk perceptions; Protective actions | |
| Motivations to prepare after the 2013 Cook Strait Earthquake, N.Z | Doyle, Emma E. H.; McClure, John; Potter, Sally H.; Becker, Julia S.; Johnston, David M.; Lindell, Michael K.; Johal, Sarbjit; Fraser, Stuart A.; Coomer, Maureen A. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION | 2018 | Journal Article | We investigated responses to the 2013 Cook Strait earthquake sequence, New Zealand. This included two foreshocks (M5.7 and M5.8) and a mainshock doublet pair: M6.5 Cook Strait (CS) earthquake on 21st July and M6.6 Lake Grassmere (LG) earthquake on Friday 16th August. We examined relationships between preparedness, experience and beliefs during the earthquakes, as well as concern and subsequent preparedness actions. Results indicate that earthquake characteristics (e.g., time, location) influence the types of preparedness actions. While there was a reduction in new actions from the first mainshock doublet earthquake (CS) to the second (LG), there were a large number of participants who reviewed or revisited their prior actions, related to their beliefs about impacts, in a form of problem-focused targeted action. Females took more actions than did males, and had a higher rate of immediate aftershock concern. For all participants, concern was greater after the CS earthquake than after the full earthquake sequence, supporting the findings of McClure et al. (2016) that there is a limited window after an event to maximise the opportunity for effective preparedness initiatives. Findings additionally suggest that such post-earthquake preparedness initiatives should consider the impacts that elicited the highest rate of concern in an event, and should tailor messages towards them. While this earthquake sequence resulted in low levels of impact and damage, it presents interesting findings regarding how disruption (in lieu of major damage) influences earthquake preparedness actions, which is particularly important to understand in highly active regions often exposed to smaller impact events. | SEISMIC HAZARD ADJUSTMENTS; RISK COMMUNICATION; DECISION-MAKING; NATURAL HAZARDS; UNREALISTIC OPTIMISM; DIFFERENT REGIONS; VOLCANIC CRISIS; PERCEPTION; DISASTER; BEHAVIOR | Earthquakes; Preparedness; Beliefs; Concern; Actions; Gender | |
| Immediate behavioral response to the June 17, 2013 flash floods in Uttarakhand, North India | Lindell, Michael K.; Arlikatti, Sudha; Huang, Shih-Kai | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION | 2019 | Journal Article | The 2013 Uttarakhand flash flood was such a surprise for those at risk that the predominant source of information for their risk was environmental cues and, secondarily, peer warnings rather than official warnings. Of those who received warnings, few received information other than the identity of the flood threat. A survey of 316 survivors found that most people's first response was to immediately evacuate but some stayed to receive additional information, confirm their warnings, or engage in evacuation preparations. Unfortunately, engaging in these milling behaviors necessarily delayed their final evacuations. Mediation analysis revealed that psychological reactions mediated the relationship between information sources and behavioral responses. Further analyses revealed that immediate evacuation and evacuation delay were both predicted best by information search and positive affect, but correlation analyses indicated that a number of other models were also plausible. Final evacuation was best predicted by immediate evacuation and, to a significantly lesser extent, household together. Overall, results suggest that the Protective Action Decision Model (PADM) should be considered a useful framework for examining household responses to flash floods in developing countries like India. It supports the conclusion that a household's first warning source is a function of two distinct detection and dissemination systems within a community-an official system and an informal system. However, it fails to capture what pre-impact emergency preparedness entails for rapid onset events in a developing country context. Further research is needed to determine the relative importance of situational and cultural characteristics in producing these observed differences. | RISK PERCEPTION; MENTAL MODELS; WARNINGS; EVACUATION; DISASTER; TSUNAMI; COMMUNICATION; EARTHQUAKE; BELIEFS; HAZARD | Flash flood; Warning; Evacuation; Psychological reactions; India | |
| Analyzing investments in flood protection structures: A real options approach | Gomez-Cunya, Luis-Angel; Fardhosseini, Mohammad Sadra; Lee, Hyun Woo; Choi, Kunhee | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION | 2020 | Journal Article | The soaring number of natural hazards in recent years due largely to climate change has resulted in an even higher level of investment in flood protection structures. However, such investments tend to be made in the aftermath of disasters. Very little is known about the proactive planning of flood protection investments that account for uncertainties associated with flooding events. Understanding the uncertainties such as when to invest on these structures to achieve the most optimal cost-saving amount is outmost important. This study fills this large knowledge gap by developing an investment decision-making assessment framework that determines an optimal timing of flood protection investment options. It combines real options with a net present value analysis to examine managerial flexibility in various investment timing options. Historical data that contain information about river water discharges were leveraged as a random variable in the modeling framework because it may help investors better understand the probability of extreme events, and particularly, flooding uncertainties. A lattice model was then used to investigate potential alternatives of investment timing and to evaluate the benefits of delaying investments in each case. The efficacy of the proposed framework was demonstrated by an illustrative example of flood protection investment. The framework will be used to help better inform decision makers. | DECISION-MAKING | Flood protection; Real options theory; Investment decision-making | |
| Interpretations of aftershock advice and probabilities after the 2013 Cook Strait earthquakes, Aotearoa New Zealand | Doyle, Emma E. H.; McClure, John; Potter, Sally H.; Lindell, Michael K.; Becker, Julia S.; Fraser, Stuart A.; Johnston, David M. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION | 2020 | Journal Article | Probabilistic statements can be a valuable tool for natural hazard risk communication, including forecasts. However, individuals often have a poor understanding of such probabilistic forecasts caused by them distorting their interpretations of event likelihoods towards the end of the time window and discounting the risk today. We investigated the use of an 'anchoring' time statement to mitigate this bias via an opportunistic survey run after the 2013 Cook Strait earthquakes, near Wellington, New Zealand. Participants rated their interpretations of likelihoods for an immediate aftershock forecast, and for an earthquake in the future. We explored the influence of aftershock and information concern, emotions and felt shaking, gender and education, as well as preparedness actions. The anchoring time window statement mitigated the skew in interpretations for the short (24 h to within 1 week) aftershock forecast statement. However, the skew still existed for the longer future earthquake forecast (7 days to within 1 year). We also found that heightened sensory experience (felt shaking) or emotional reactions (nervousness, fear, alertness) during the earthquakes was associated with an increase in the perceived likelihoods of future events. Gender was found to significantly influence results, with females rating higher levels of information concern and anxiety, and recording higher perceived likelihoods for the immediate aftershock forecast. Findings, including the importance of 'anchoring' time windows within a forecast to encourage immediate preparedness actions, support recommendations for effective crafting of these forecasts and warnings. | FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; RISK PERCEPTIONS; NATURAL HAZARDS; COMMUNICATION; UNCERTAINTY; MODEL; PREPAREDNESS; INFORMATION; EXPERIENCES; INTENTIONS | Likelihood; Probabilities; Forecasts; Earthquakes; Emotions; Concern; Gender; Actions | |
| Multi-hazard perceptions at Long Valley Caldera, California, USA | Peers, Justin B.; Lindell, Michael K.; Gregg, Christopher E.; Reeves, Ashleigh K.; Joyner, Andrew T.; Johnston, David M. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION | 2021 | Journal Article | Caldera systems such as Long Valley Caldera, California; Taupo, New Zealand; and Campi Flegrei, Italy, experience centuries to millennia without eruption, but have the potential for large eruptions. This raises questions about how local residents' behavioral responses to these low-probability high-consequence events differ from their responses to events, such as wildfires and earthquakes, that have higher probabilities. To examine this issue, a multi-hazard mail survey of 229 households explored perceptions of-and responses to-volcano, earthquake and wildfire hazards in the Long Valley Volcanic Region. Response efficacy was the only significant predictor of emergency preparedness, which suggests that hazard managers can increase household emergency preparedness by emphasizing this attribute of protective actions. In addition to response efficacy, expected personal consequences, hazard intrusiveness, and affective responses were all significantly related to information seeking. This indicates that hazard managers can also increase households' information seeking about local hazards and appropriate protective actions by communicating the certainty and severity of hazard impacts (thus increasing expected personal consequences) and that they communicate this information repeatedly (thus increasing hazard intrusiveness) to produce significant emotional involvement (thus increasing affective response). | HOUSEHOLDS EXPECTED RESPONSES; RISK INFORMATION-SEEKING; VOLCANIC RISK; EARTHQUAKE; MODEL; ADJUSTMENT; MITIGATION; COMMUNICATION; PREPAREDNESS; PREDICTORS | Volcano hazard perception; Earthquake hazard perception; Wildfire hazard perception; Emergency preparedness; Information seeking | |
| Tsunami preparedness and resilience in the Cascadia Subduction Zone: A multistage model of expected evacuation decisions and mode choice | Chen, Chen; Lindell, Michael K.; Wang, Haizhong | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION | 2021 | Journal Article | Physical scientists have estimated that the Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) has as much as a 25% chance to produce a M9.0 earthquake and tsunami in the next 50 years, but few studies have used survey data to assess household risk perceptions, emergency preparedness, and evacuation intentions. To understand these phenomena, this study conducted a mail-based household questionnaire using the Protective Action Decision Model (PADM) as a guide to collect 483 responses from two coastal communities in the CSZ: Crescent City, CA and Coos Bay, OR. We applied multistage regression models to assess the effects of critical PADM variables. The results showed that three psychological variables (risk perception, perceived hazard knowledge, and evacuation mode efficacy) were associated with some demographic variables and experience variables. Evacuation intention and evacuation mode choice are associated with those psychological variables but not with demographic variables. Contrary to previous studies, location and experience had no direct impact on evacuation intention or mode choice. We also analyzed expected evacuation mode compliance and the potential of using micro-mobility during tsunami response. This study provides empirical evidence of tsunami preparedness and intentions to support interdisciplinary evacuation modeling, tsunami hazard education, community disaster preparedness, and resilience plans. | FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; AMERICAN-SAMOA; EARTHQUAKE; WASHINGTON; BEHAVIOR; OREGON; WELLINGTON; RESPONSES | Disaster; Tsunami evacuation; Cascadia subduction zone; Risk perception | |
| Impact of energy benchmarking and disclosure policy on office buildings. | Shang, Luming; Lee, Hyun Woo; Dermisi, Sofia; Choe, Youngjun | Journal of Cleaner Production | 2020 | Journal Article | Building energy benchmarking policies require owners to publicly disclose their building's energy performance. In the US, the adoption of such policies is contributing to an increased awareness among tenants and buyers and is expected to motivate the owners of less efficient buildings to invest in energy efficiency improvements. However, there is a lack of studies specifically aimed at investigating the impact of such policies on office buildings among major cities through quantitative analyses. In response, this study evaluated the effectiveness of the benchmarking policy on energy efficiency improvements decision-making and on real estate performances, by applying two interrupted time series analyses to office buildings in downtown Chicago. The initial results indicate a lack of statistically strong evidence that the policy affected the annual vacancy trend of the energy efficient buildings (represented by ENERGY STAR labeled buildings). However, the use of interrupted time series in a more in-depth analysis shows that the policy is associated with a 6.7% decrease in vacancy among energy efficient buildings. The study proposed a method to quantitatively evaluate the impact of energy policies on the real estate performance of office buildings, and the result confirms the positive impact of energy-efficient retrofits on the real estate performance. The study findings support the reasoning behind the owners' decision in implementing energy efficiency improvements in their office buildings to remain competitive in the market. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/impact-energy-benchmarking-disclosure-policy-on/docview/2400526925/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Dynamic production scheduling model under due date uncertainty in precast concrete construction | Kim, Taehoon; Kim, Yong-woo; Cho, Hunhee | JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION | 2020 | Journal Article | Precast concrete structures (PCs) are widely used in the construction industry to reduce project delivery times and improve quality. On-time delivery of PCs is critical for successful project completion because the processes involving precast concrete are the critical paths in most cases. However, existing models for scheduling PC production are not adequate for use in dynamic environments where construction projects have uncertain construction schedules because of various reasons such as poor labor productivity, inadequate equipment, and poor weather. This research proposes a dynamic model for PC production scheduling by adopting a discrete-time simulation method to respond to due date changes in real time and by using a new dispatching rule that considers the uncertainty of the due dates to minimize tardiness. The model is validated by simulation experiments based on various scenarios with different levels of tightness and due date uncertainty. The results of this research will contribute to construction project productivity with a reliable and economic precast concrete supply chain. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | MULTIPLE PRODUCTION; DEMAND VARIABILITY; SUPPLY CHAIN; SHOP; MANAGEMENT; MINIMIZE; LINES | Precast concrete production; Dynamic simulation; Uncertainty; Production scheduling; Dispatching rule | |
| A simulation-based dynamic scheduling model for curtain wall production considering construction planning reliability | Kim, Taehoon; Kim, Yong-Woo; Cho, Hunhee | Journal of Cleaner Production | 2021 | Journal Article | Appropriate production scheduling of curtain wall systems is essential for the successful completion of construction projects. The construction process of the curtain wall system is mainly on the critical path and accounts for 10-15% of the total construction cost. Should curtain wall products not be timeously delivered to the construction site, construction projects are likely to fall behind schedule with most relevant activities on curtainwall installation on a critical path. However, due-date uncertainty caused by a contractor's lack of planning reliability causes the curtain wall production schedule to become complex and changes the due date after the initial order. In this regard, this study proposes a discrete event simulation-based dynamic scheduling model for curtain wall production to deliver products on time to the construction site by considering each construction project's planning reliability. Through simulation experiments, the validity and effectiveness of the proposed model were tested. The results of this study will help the successful completion of construction projects by ensuring the progress of the curtain wall system construction and follow-up activities following the construction schedule. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | CM | ||
| Between fixities and flows: Navigating place attachments in an increasingly mobile world | Di Masso, Andres; Williams, Daniel R.; Raymond, Christopher M.; Buchecker, Matthias; Degenhardt, Barbara; Devine-Wright, Patrick; Hertzog, Alice; Lewicka, Maria; Manzo, Lynne; Shahrad, Azadeh; Stedman, Richard; Verbrugge, Laura; von Wirth, Timo | Journal of environmental psychology | 2019 | Journal Article | This paper develops a theoretical argument for how place attachments are forged and become dynamically linked to increasingly common mobility practices. First, we argue that mobilities, rather than negating the importance of place, shift our understanding of place and the habitual ways we relate to and bond with places as distinct from a conception of place attachment premised on fixity and stability. Second, we document how the body of research on place attachment has both reinforced and contested 'sedentaristic' assumptions criticized within the so-called 'mobilities turn' in the social sciences. Third, we present a conceptual framework, built around different modes of interrelation between fixity and flow, as a way to re-theorize, link and balance the various studies of place attachment that have grappled with mobility. Finally, we sketch out the main research implications of this framework for advancing our understanding of place attachment in a mobile world. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/between-fixities-flows-navigating-place/docview/2253192941/se-2 | ||
| Pan coefficient sensitivity to environment variables across China. | Wang, Kaiwen; Liu, Xiaomang; Tian, Wei; Li, Yanzhong; Liang, Kang; Liu, Changming; Li, Yuqi; Yang, Xiaohua | Journal of Hydrology | 2019 | Journal Article | Data of open water evaporation (E-ow), such as evaporation of lake and reservoir, have been widely used in hydraulic and hydrological engineering projects, and water resources planning and management in agriculture, forestry and ecology. Because of the low-cost and maneuverability, measuring the evaporation of a pan has been widely regarded as a reliable approach to estimate E-ow through multiplying an appropriate pan coefficient (K-p). K-p is affected by geometry and materials of a pan, and complex surrounding environment variables. However, the relationship between K-p and different environment variables is unknown. Thus, this study chose China D20 pan as an example, used meteorological observations from 767 stations and introduced the latest PenPan model to analyze the sensitivity of K-p to different environment variables. The results show that, the distribution of annual K-p had a strong spatial gradient. For all the stations, annual K-p ranged from 0.31 to 0.89, and decreased gradually from southeast to northwest. The sensitivity analysis shows that for China as a whole, K-p was most sensitive to relative humidity, followed by air temperature, wind speed and sunshine duration. For 767 stations in China, K-p was most sensitive to relative humidity for almost all the stations. For stations north of Yellow River, wind speed and sunshine duration were the next sensitive variables; while for stations south of Yellow River, air temperature was the next sensitive variable. The method introduced in this study could benefit estimating and predicting K-p under future changing environment. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/pan-coefficient-sensitivity-environment-variables/docview/2237500127/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Deriving a long-term pan evaporation reanalysis dataset for two Chinese pan types. | Wang, Kaiwen; Liu, Xiaomang; Li, Yuqi; Yang, Xiaohua; Bai, Peng; Liu, Changming; Chen, Fei | Journal of Hydrology | 2019 | Journal Article | A long-term continuous and consistent pan evaporation (E-pan) reanalysis dataset will augment the analysis of E-pan distributions when the observation network is discontinuous or inconsistent, and assist in the evaluation of the outputs of General Circulation Models (GCMs) and Land Surface Models (LSMs). From the 1950s to early 2000s, China had a continuous observation of the D20 pan, but this was replaced by the 601B pan across China around 2002, and thus the E-pan observation network became discontinuous and inconsistent. This study developed a long-term monthly, 0.05 degrees, continuous and consistent reanalysis dataset for both D20 and 6018 pans covering mainland China throughout 1960-2014, based on meteorological data homogenization and interpolation and E-pan assimilation. The PenPan-V3 model used inE(pan) assimilation was successfully validated by observations at 767 and 591 stations for D20 and 601B pans, respectively. Comprehensively considering the physical influence of elevation, radiation, wind speed, humidity, and air temperature, the average annual and seasonal gridded E-pan reanalyses show significant spatial dependent on proximity to the ocean and latitude, consistent with previous studies. The reanalysis dataset can be used to analyze E-pan distributions across China, including the areas without observations, and to estimate the representativeness of E-pan to atmospheric evaporative demand. The dataset has been released in two cloud servers in China and the United States, and it will continue to be maintained and updated. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/deriving-long-term-pan-evaporation-reanalysis/docview/2400452234/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Environmental benefits of using hybrid CLT structure in midrise non-residential construction: An LCA based comparative case study in the U.S. Pacific Northwest | Pierobon, Francesca; Huang, Monica; Simonen, Kathrina; Ganguly, Indroneil | JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING | 2019 | Journal Article | In this study, the cradle-to-gate environmental impact of a hybrid, mid-rise, cross-laminated timber (CLT) commercial building is evaluated and compared to that of a reinforced concrete building with similar functional characteristics. This study evaluates the embodied emissions and energy associated with building materials, manufacturing, and construction. Two alternative designs are considered for fire protection in the hybrid CLT building: 1) a 'fireproofing design', where gypsum wallboard is applied to the structural wood; and 2) a 'charring design', where two extra layers of CLT are added to the panel. The life cycle environmental impacts are assessed using TRACI 2.1 and the total primary energy is evaluated using the Cumulative Energy Demand impact method. Results show that an average of 26.5% reduction in the global warming potential is achieved in the hybrid CLT building compared to the concrete building, excluding biogenic carbon emissions. Except ozone depletion, where the difference in impact between scenarios is < 1%, replacing fireproofing with charring is beneficial for all impact categories. The embodied energy assessment of the building types reveals that, on average, the total primary energy in the hybrid CLT buildings and concrete building are similar. However, the non-renewable energy (fossil-based) use in the hybrid CLT building is 8% lower compared to that of the concrete building. As compared to the concrete building, additional 1,556 tCO(2)(e) and 2,567 tCO(2e) are stored in the wood components of the building (long-term storage of biogenic carbon) in the scenario with fireproofing and with charring, respectively. | WOOD; CONCRETE; ENERGY; BUILDINGS; IMPACTS | Cross-laminated timber; U.S. Pacific Northwest; Life cycle assessment; Cumulative energy demand; Biogenic carbon; Carbon storage | |
| Life-cycle cost and carbon footprint analysis for light-framed residential buildings subjected to tornado hazard | Adhikari, Pramodit; Mahmoud, Hussam; Xie, Aiwen; Simonen, Kathrina; Ellingwood, Bruce | JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING | 2020 | Journal Article | Light-frame wood building construction dominates the single-family residential home market in the United States. Such buildings are susceptible to damage from extreme winds due to hurricanes in coastal areas and tornados in the Midwest. The consequences of extreme winds on the built environment and on social and economic institutions within the community can be severe and are likely to increase in the coming decades as a result of increases in urbanization and economic development and the potential impacts of changing climate in hazard prone areas. Current building practices provide minimum standards for occupant safety and health, including structural integrity, water and sanitation, lighting, ventilation, means of egress and fire protection. However, they generally do not consider building resilience, which includes robustness and an ability to recover following extreme natural hazard events. Nor do they address sustainability, the notion that building design, construction and rehabilitation should not adversely impact the environment. In this paper, we establish a generalized cost and carbon footprint life-cycle analysis methodology for examining the benefits of different building practices for residential light-frame wood construction subjected to tornado hazards. A multiobjective approach is used to reveal tradeoffs between resilient and sustainable practices for typical residential construction. We show that when the life cycle of a typical residence is considered, a balance between resilience, sustainability and cost might be achieved in design and rehabilitation of residential building construction for tornado hazards. | PERFORMANCE; RISK | Fragility; Residential buildings; Life-cycle analysis; Resilience; Optimal decisions; Sustainable construction; Tornadoes | |
| Built environment effects on bike crash frequency and risk in Beijing. | Chen, Peng; Sun, Feiyang; Wang, Zhenbo; Gao, Xu; Jiao, Junfeng; Tao, Zhimin | Journal of Safety Research | 2018 | Journal Article | Introduction: Building a safe biking environment is crucial to encouraging bicycle use. In developed areas with higher density and more mixed land use, the built environment factors that pose a crash risk may vary. This study investigates the connection between biking risk factors and the compact built environment, using data for Beijing. Method: In the context of China, this paper seeks to answer two research questions. First, what types of built environment factors are correlated with bike-automobile crash frequency and risk? Second, how do risk factors vary across different types of bikes? Poisson lognormal random effects models are employed to examine how land use and roadway design factors are associated with the bike-automobile crashes. Results: The main findings are: (1) bike-automobile crashes are more likely to occur in densely developed areas, which is characterized by higher population density, more mixed land use, denser roads and junctions, and more parking lots; (2) areas with greater ground transit are correlated with more bike-automobile crashes and higher risks of involving in collisions; (3) the percentages of wider streets show negative associations with bike crash frequency; (4) built environment factors cannot help explain factors contributing to motorcycle-automobile crashes. Practical Applications: In China's dense urban context, important policy implications for bicycle safety improvement drawn from this study include: prioritizing safety programs in urban centers, applying safety improvements to areas with more ground transit, placing bike-automobile crash countermeasures at road junctions, and improving bicycle safety on narrower streets. (C) 2018 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/built-environment-effects-on-bike-crash-frequency/docview/2077580643/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Identifying high-risk built environments for severe bicycling injuries | Chen, Peng; Shen, Qing | Journal of Safety Research | 2019 | Journal Article | Introduction: This study is aimed at filling part of the knowledge gap on bicycling safety in the built environment by addressing two questions. First, are built environment features and bicyclist injury severity correlated; and if so, what built environment factors most significantly relate to severe bicyclist injuries? Second, are the identified associations varied substantially among cities with different levels of bicycling and different built environments? Methods: The generalized ordered logit model is employed to examine the relationship between built environment features and bicyclist injury severity. Results: Bicyclist injury severity is coded into four types, including no injury (NI), possible injury (PI), evident injury (El), and severe injury and fatality (SIF). The findings include: (a) higher percentages of residential land and green space, and office or mixed use land are correlated with lower probabilities of El and SIF; (b) land use mixture is negatively correlated with El and SIF; (c) steep slopes are positively associated with bicyclist injury severity; (d) in areas with more transit routes, bicyclist injury is less likely to be severe; (e) a higher speed limit is more likely to correlate with SIF; and (f) wearing a helmet is negatively associated with SIF, but positively related to PI and El. Practical applications: To improve bicycle safety, urban planners and policymakers should encourage mixed land use, promote dense street networks, place new bike lanes in residential neighborhoods and green spaces, and office districts, while avoiding steep slopes. To promote bicycling, a process of evaluating the risk of bicyclists involving severe injuries in the local environment should be implemented before encouraging bicycle activities. (C) 2018 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/identifying-high-risk-built-environments-severe/docview/2210861867/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Secondary GIS built environment data for health research: Guidance for data development | Stewart, Orion T.; Carlos, Heather A.; Lee, Chanam; Berke, Ethan M.; Hurvitz, Philip M.; Li, Li; Moudon, Anne Vernez; Doescher, Mark P. | JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT & HEALTH | 2016 | Journal Article | Built environment (BE) data in geographic information system (GIS) format are increasingly available from public agencies and private providers. These data can provide objective, low-cost BE data over large regions and are often used in public health research and surveillance. Yet challenges exist in repurposing GIS data for health research. The GIS data do not always capture desired constructs; the data can be of varying quality and completeness; and the data definitions, structures, and spatial representations are often inconsistent across sources. Using the Small Town Walkability study as an illustration, we describe (a) the range of BE characteristics measurable in a GIS that may be associated with active living, (b) the availability of these data across nine U.S. small towns, (c) inconsistencies in the GIS BE data that were available, and (d) strategies for developing accurate, complete, and consistent GIS BE data appropriate for research. Based on a conceptual framework and existing literature, objectively measurable characteristics of the BE potentially related to active living were classified under nine domains: generalized land uses, morphology, density, destinations, transportation system, traffic conditions, neighborhood behavioral conditions, economic environment, and regional location. At least some secondary GIS data were available across all nine towns for seven of the 9 BE domains. Data representing high-resolution or behavioral aspects of the BE were often not available. Available GIS BE data - especially tax parcel data often contained varying attributes and levels of detail across sources. When GIS BE data were available from multiple sources, the accuracy, completeness, and consistency of the data could be reasonable ensured for use in research. But this required careful attention to the definition and spatial representation of the BE characteristic of interest. Manipulation of the secondary source data was often required, which was facilitated through protocols. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; LAND-USE; WALKING; NEIGHBORHOOD; ASSOCIATIONS; DENSITY; DESIGN; ADULTS; TRAVEL | Active travel; Pedestrian; Neighborhood; Urban design; Community health; Rural | |
| Effects of the built environment on automobile-involved pedestrian crash frequency and risk | Chen, Peng; Zhou, Jiangping | JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT & HEALTH | 2016 | Journal Article | This area-based study explores the relationship between automobile-involved pedestrian crash frequency versus risk and various built environment factors such as road network and land use. The methodology involves the use of Bayesian hierarchical intrinsic conditional autoregressive model, which accounts for unobserved heterogeneities and spatial autocorrelations. The city of Seattle is selected for this empirical study, and the geospatial unit of analysis is traffic analysis zone. The primary data were obtained from collision profiles available at the Seattle Department of Transportation. The major findings of this study include: (1) the densities of 4-way intersections and more than 5-way intersections and land use mixture are positively correlated with the pedestrian crash frequency and risk; (2) sidewalk density and the proportion of steep areas are negatively associated with the pedestrian crash frequency and risk; (3) areas with a higher bus stop density are likely to have more pedestrian crashes; (4) areas with a greater proportion of industrial land use have lower pedestrian crash frequency; (5) areas with an averagely higher posted speed limit has higher pedestrian crash risk; (6) areas with a higher employment density has lower pedestrian crash risk; (7) the mode share of walking and the total number of trips are positively correlated with the pedestrian crash frequency, and the total number of trips is negatively correlated with the pedestrian crash risk. These findings provide support for planning policy making and road safety programs. Local authorities should improve walkability by providing more sidewalks and separate travel lanes for motorized traffic and pedestrians in areas with different land use purposes. Compact development should be encouraged to support building a safe walking environment. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; URBAN FORM; LAND-USE; MODEL; COUNTS; TRANSPORTATION; SEVERITY; BICYCLE; SAFETY; TRAVEL | Pedestrian crash frequency; Pedestrian crash risk; Built environment; Spatial autocorrelation; Road network; Land use | |
| Light rail leads to more walking around station areas | Huang, Ruizhu; Moudon, Anne V.; Zhou, Chuan; Stewart, Orion T.; Saelens, Brian E. | JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT & HEALTH | 2017 | Journal Article | Areas around Light Rail Transit (LRT) stations offer ideal conditions for Transit-Oriented Development (TOD). Relatively dense, mixed-use neighborhoods can have positive impacts on mobility, health, and perceptions of neighborhood safety among nearby residents, primarily through walking activity for both transit and other purposes. To examine how station areas may attract new activity, this study analyzed changes in walking around station areas among people living close to an LRT station before and after the opening of a new transit system. This study examined walking behavior among the subset of 214 participants living within one mile of one of 13 LRT stations from among a sample of residents living close or further away from a new LRT line in Seattle. They completed a survey and a travel log and wore an accelerometer and a GPS for 7 days both before (2008) and after the opening of the Seattle area LRT (2010). Walking bouts were derived using a previously developed algorithm. The main outcome was the individual-level change in the proportion of daily walking within one quarter Euclidean mile of an LRT station. Overall walking decreased from before to after the LRT opening while station area walking did not change significantly, indicating a shift in walking activity to the station areas after the introduction of LRT. Increases in the proportion of station area walking were negatively related to participants' distance between home and the nearest LRT station, peaking at <0.25 mile and decaying beyond >.0.75 mile. Male gender, college education, normal weight status, less access to cars, and frequent LRT use were also significantly associated with greater positive changes in the proportion of station area walking. The shift in walking to station areas after the completion of light rail provides evidence that the local proximate population is attracted to station areas, which may potentially benefit both transit use and TOD area economic activity. The residential catchment area for the shift in LRT area walking was < 0.75 mile of the LRT stations. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved. | BODY-MASS INDEX; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BUILT ENVIRONMENT; TRAVEL BEHAVIOR; TRANSIT; STOP | Transit Oriented Development (TOD); Behavior change; Global Positioning Systems; Geographic information systems | |
| Higher residential and employment densities are associated with more objectively measured walking in the home neighborhood | Huang, Ruizhu; Moudon, Anne, V; Zhou, Chuan; Saelens, Brian E. | JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT & HEALTH | 2019 | Journal Article | Introduction: Understanding where people walk and how the built environment influences walking is a priority in active living research. Most previous studies were limited by self-reported data on walking. In the present study, walking bouts were determined by integrating one week of accelerometry, GPS, and a travel log data among 675 adult participants in the baseline sample of the Travel Assessment and Community study at Seattle, Washington in the United State. Methods: Home neighborhood was defined as being within 0.5 mile of each participants' residence (a 10-min walk), with home neighborhood walking defined as walking bout lines with at least one GPS point within the home neighborhood. Home neighborhood walkability was constructed with seven built environment variables derived from spatially continuous objective values (SmartMaps). Collinearity among neighborhood environment variables was analyzed and variables that were strongly correlated with residential density were excluded in the regression analysis to avoid erroneous estimates. A Zero Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) served to estimate associations between home neighborhood environment characteristics and home neighborhood walking frequency. Results: The study found that more than half of participants' walking bouts occurred in their own home neighborhood. Higher residential density and job density were the two neighborhood walkability measures related to higher likelihood and more time walking in the home neighborhood, highest tertile residential density (22.4-62.6 unit/ha) (coefficient= 1.43; 95% CI 1.00-2.05) and highest tertile job density (12.4-272.3 jobs/acre) (coefficient= 1.62; 1.10-2.37). Conclusions: The large proportion of walking that takes place in the home neighborhood highlights the importance of continuing to examine the impact of the home neighborhood environment on walking. Potential interventions to increase walking behavior may benefit from increasing residential and employment density within residential areas. | BODY-MASS INDEX; BUILT ENVIRONMENT; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; LAND USES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SELECTION; LOCATION; OBESITY | Travel assessment and community; SmartMaps; Neighborhood environment; Physical activity; Walking | |
| Beyond the bus stop: Where transit users walk | Eisenberg-Guyot, Jerzy; Moudon, Anne V.; Hurvitz, Philip M.; Mooney, Stephen J.; Whitlock, Kathryn B.; Saelens, Brian E. | JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT & HEALTH | 2019 | Journal Article | Objectives: Extending the health benefits of public-transit investment requires understanding how transit use affects pedestrian activity, including pedestrian activity not directly temporally or spatially related to transit use. In this study, we identified where transit users walked on transit days compared with non-transit days within and beyond 400 m and 800 m buffers surrounding their home and work addresses. Methods: We used data collected from 2008 to 2013 in King County, Washington, from 221 non-physically-disabled adult transit users, who were equipped with an accelerometer, global positioning system (GPS), and travel diary. We assigned walking activity to the following buffer locations: less than and at least 400 m or 800 m from home, work, or home/work (the home and work buffers comprised the latter buffer). We used Poisson generalized estimating equations to estimate differences in minutes per day of total walking and minutes per day of non-transit-related walking on transit days compared with non-transit days in each location. Results: We found that durations of total walking and non-transit-related walking were greater on transit days than on non-transit days in all locations studied. When considering the home neighborhood in isolation, most of the greater duration of walking occurred beyond the home neighborhood at both 400 m and 800 m; results were similar when considering the work neighborhood in isolation. When considering the neighborhoods jointly (i.e., by using the home/work buffer), at 400 m, most of the greater duration of walking occurred beyond the home/work neighborhood. However, at 800 m, most of the greater duration of walking occurred within the home/work neighborhood. Conclusions: Transit days were associated with greater durations of total walking and non-transit related walking within and beyond the home and work neighborhoods. Accordingly, research, design, and policy strategies focused on transit use and pedestrian activity should consider locations outside the home and work neighborhoods, in addition to locations within them. | PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; PUBLIC-TRANSIT; ACCELEROMETER DATA; COMBINING GPS; UNITED-STATES; TRAVEL; TRANSPORTATION; HEALTH; TIME; NEIGHBORHOOD | ||
| Advancing research in transportation and public health: A selection of twenty project ideas from a US research roadmap | Dannenberg, Andrew L.; Rodriguez, Daniel A.; Sandt, Laura S. | JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT & HEALTH | 2021 | Journal Article | Background: Transportation policies and projects have multiple impacts on health. Research on these impacts can help promote positive and reduce adverse health consequences of decisions made by transportation agencies. Methods: In 2019 the U.S. National Cooperative Highway Research Program published a research roadmap for transportation and public health based on an extensive literature search and key informant interviews. The roadmap identified 44 research gaps and 122 research needs on a wide range of relevant topics. From this list, using pre-established criteria including specificity, equity, potential impact, and long-term usefulness, we selected 20 topics suitable for further research especially in academic settings. Results: We present the questions, context, and possible research approach for each of the 20 topics. These topics cover issues ranging from integrating equity into performance measures and developing forecasting models for active travel to incorporating health questions into routine household travel surveys and examining health impacts of autonomous vehicles. We added questions on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on transportation. Discussion: This list will be useful to faculty, researchers, and students as they consider topics for research in transportation and public health. Results of research on these topics could influence transportation decisions in policy making, planning and community participation, capital programming, project design, and implementation. Future leaders of transportation agencies, transportation providers, and advocacy organizations may be more likely to consider transportation policies that incorporate a health perspective if their training includes research findings that increase their awareness of the health impacts of these policies. | Public health; Equity; Research; Public transit; Metrics; Transportation planning | ||
| Paratransit services for people with disabilities in the Seattle region during the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons for recovery planning | Abu Ashour, Lamis; Dannenberg, Andrew L.; Shen, Qing; Fang, Xun; Wang, Yiyuan | JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT & HEALTH | 2021 | Journal Article | Introduction: Along with all public transit services, paratransit services for people with disabilities experienced substantially reduced demand and an increased need to provide equitable services while protecting their clients and staff's safety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Paratransit services provide a lifeline for their clients' essential mobility needs, including access to medical appointments and grocery stores. In the absence of pre-existing pandemic response plans, examining transit agencies' responses to provide paratransit services during the pandemic can help inform planning for post-pandemic recovery and future disruptive events. Methods: In September 2020, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 decision-makers, planners, and drivers working for the primary transit agency in the Seattle region - King County Metro - and its paratransit contractors. Interview questions were designed to identify current services, policy gaps, and critical challenges for recovery planning and post-pandemic paratransit services. Interview transcripts were analyzed using NVivo software to obtain essential themes. Results: The interviewees provided insights about (1) paratransit service changes in response to the pandemic, (2) anticipated impacts of a returning demand on paratransit service efficiency, equity, and quality during the recovery period, and (3) innovative approaches for maintaining post-pandemic equitable paratransit services while balancing safety measures with available resources. Conclusions: Study findings suggest that paratransit service providers should consider (1) developing guidelines for future disruptive events, (2) examining alternative methods for food delivery to clients, (3) planning scenarios for delivering equitable services in the post-pandemic recovery period, and (4) increasing resilience possibly by establishing partnerships with transportation network companies. | Paratransit; Mobility; Equity; COVID19 pandemic; Scenario planning; Recovery | ||
| Improving construction work zone safety using technology: A systematic review of applicable technologies | Nnaji, Chukwuma; Gambatese, John; Lee, Hyun Woo; Zhang, Fan | Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition) | 2020 | Journal Article | Once considered conventional, the construction industry is gradually increasing its reliance on innovations such as the application of technologies in safety management. Given the growing literature on technology applications in safety management and the varying opinions on the utility of applied technologies, a systematic review that streamlines findings from past studies is indispensable to construction stakeholders. Although a number of review studies are available in the building construction sector, the level of fragmentation and uniqueness within the construction industry necessitates a review study specifically targeting the heavy civil sector. In response, the present study applies a three-step approach to identify and review articles pertinent to the safety of highway construction work zones. The factors considered include the number of publications per year, publication locations, and technology types. In addition, the present study proposes to broadly group work zone safety technologies (WZSTs) into three categories based on their primary purpose: speed reduction systems, intrusion prevention and warning systems, and human-machine-interaction detection systems. Key findings include WZST research trends, application of smart work zone systems, and the potential relationship between WZSTs and fatalities. The paper ends with the identification of six additional research areas aimed at deepening the understanding of technology's role in highway safety management. The trend analysis and an in-depth discussion of each technology category alongside the identified research gaps will provide a substantial informative body of knowledge that both benefits current practitioners and directs researchers towards potential future studies. (C) 2019 Periodical Offices of Changan University. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Owner. | CM | ||
| Crime and private investment in urban neighborhoods | Lacoe, Johanna; Bostic, Raphael W.; Acolin, Arthur | JOURNAL OF URBAN ECONOMICS | 2018 | Journal Article | The question of how best to improve neighborhoods that lag behind has drawn considerable attention from policy-makers, practitioners, and academics, yet there remains a vigorous debate regarding the best approaches to accomplish community development. This paper investigates the role crime policy plays in shaping the trajectory of neighborhoods. Much of the existing research on neighborhood crime was conducted in rising-crime environments, and the evidence was clear: high levels of crime have adverse effects on neighborhoods and resident quality of life, This study examines how private investment in neighborhoods in two cities Chicago and Los Angeles changed as the incidence of neighborhood crime changed during the 2000s, a period when crime was declining city-wide in both places. Using detailed blockface-level data on the location of crime and private investments between 2006 and 2011, the analysis answers the question: Do changes in crime affect private development decisions? The results show that private investment, as represented by building permits, decreases on blocks where crime increases in the past year. We also find that the relationship between crime and private investment is not symmetric private investment appears to only be sensitive to crime in rising crime contexts. The result is present in both cities, and robust to multiple definitions of crime and the elimination of outliers and the main commercial district. These results suggest that crime-reduction policies can be an effective economic development tool, but only in certain neighborhoods facing specific circumstances. | ENTERPRISE ZONES | Crime; Investment; Neighborhoods | |
| Factors in the landscape-based greenway: a Mountains to Sound case study | Rottle, ND | LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING | 2006 | Journal Article | This paper describes a case study of the 100 mile x 40 mile (161 km x 64 km) Mountains to Sound Greenway (MTSG) in Washington State, USA, as an example of an emerging greenway model that encompasses contiguous working, dwelling, recreational and protected landscapes and which is structured by an interstate highway. This landscape-based greenway, a large-scale, multi-objective greenway type, is defined and related to established greenway typologies and theory. The paper describes a framework of replicable planning, organizational and implementation factors that have contributed to the success of the MTSG, derived from study of the organization and supported by greenway and land planning literature. It presents methods used by the MTSG Trust to advance realization of this pioneering greenway concept, following the proposed planning, organizational, and implementation framework. Significant results in land acquisition, scenic highway status, trail network development, landscape restoration, cultural and educational resources, and preservation of small-town character, farms and forest resource lands are described, while challenges to the long-term viability of the accomplishments are raised. The author cites variations on the non-profit landscape-based greenway model and the corresponding need for replicative studies to further develop the framework of success factors, and notes its applicability to developing regions worldwide. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. | MANAGEMENT; DESIGN | greenway; land planning; preservation; implementation; collaboration; non-profit | |
| The impact of urban patterns on aquatic ecosystems: An empirical analysis in Puget lowland sub-basins | Alberti, Marina; Booth, Derek; Hill, Kristina; Coburn, Bekkah; Avolio, Christina; Coe, Stefan; Spirandelli, Daniele | LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING | 2007 | Journal Article | Landscape change associated with urbanization poses major challenges to aquatic ecosystems. Extensive studies have shown that the composition of land cover within a watershed can account for much of the variability in water quality and stream ecological conditions. While several studies have addressed the relationship between watershed urbanization and biotic integrity in streams, few have directly addressed the question of how urban patterns influence ecological conditions. These studies typically correlate changes in ecological conditions with simple aggregated measures of urbanization (e.g., human population density or percent impervious surface). We develop an empirical study of the impact of urban development patterns on stream ecological conditions in 42 sub-basins in the Puget Sound lowland region on a gradient of urbanization. We hypothesize that ecological conditions in urbanizing landscapes are influenced through biophysical changes by four urban pattern variables: land use intensity, land cover composition, landscape configuration, and connectivity of the impervious area. Using community measures of benthic macroinvertebrates as indicators of in-stream biotic integrity we examined the relationships between urban development patterns and ecological conditions in these basins. Significant statistical relationships were found between landscape patterns - both amount and configuration of impervious area and forest land-and biotic integrity of streams suggesting that patterns of urban development matter to aquatic ecosystems. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. | LAND-USE CHANGE; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; LANDSCAPE INFLUENCES; WATER-QUALITY; STREAM; URBANIZATION; COMMUNITIES; GRADIENTS; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY | aquatic macroinvertebrates; benthic index ofbiotic integrity; impervious surface; land cover; land use; landscape pattern; spatial metrics; urbanization; watershed function | |
| Carbon consequences of land cover change and expansion of urban lands: A case study in the Seattle metropolitan region | Hutyra, Lucy R.; Yoon, Byungman; Hepinstall-Cymerman, Jeffrey; Alberti, Marina | Landscape and urban planning | 2011 | Journal Article | Understanding the role humans play in modifying ecosystems through changing land cover is central to addressing our current and emerging environmental challenges. In particular, the consequences of urban growth and land cover change on terrestrial carbon budgets is a growing issue for our rapidly urbanizing planet. Using the lowland Seattle Statistical Metropolitan Area (MSA) region as a case study, this paper explores the consequences of the past land cover changes on vegetative carbon stocks with a combination of direct field measurements and a time series of remote sensing data. Between 1986 and 2007, the amount of urban land cover within the lowland Seattle MSA more than doubled, from 1316 km(2) to 2798 km(2), respectively. Virtually all of the urban expansion was at the expense of forests with the forested area declining from 4472 km(2) in 1986 to 2878 km(2) in 2007. The annual mean rate of urban land cover expansion was 1 +/- 0.6% year(-1). We estimate that the impact of these regional land cover changes on aboveground carbon stocks was an average loss of 1.2 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1) in vegetative carbon stocks. These carbon losses from urban expansion correspond to nearly 15% of the lowland regional fossil fuel emissions making it an important, albeit typically overlooked, term in regional carbon emissions budgets. As we plan for future urban growth and strive for more ecologically sustainable cities, it is critical that we understand the past patterns and consequences of urban development to inform future land development and conservation strategies. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/carbon-consequences-land-cover-change-expansion/docview/1720430607/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Protecting the idyll but not the environment: Second homes, amenity migration and rural exclusion in Washington State | Kondo, Michelle C.; Rivera, Rebeca; Rullman, Stan, Jr. | LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING | 2012 | Journal Article | Researchers are beginning to take notice of amenity migration processes and their impacts in exurban areas of the U.S. Our research explores second-home owners as contributors to processes of amenity migration. Using a mixed-method approach combining spatial data and interview analyses, we investigate both the structural and behavioral aspects of amenity migration in San Juan and Okanogan counties of Washington State. Results indicate that second-home owners' desire for privacy and escape is reflected in patterns of spatial isolation among second homes in the study area. These patterns have potentially significant ecological effects. Second-home owners also seek to protect their investments by supporting regulations which support their version of a rural idyll. Therefore, policy-makers should be wary of strategies to promote regulations which promote aesthetic rather than social and ecological function. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. | LAND-USE; COLORADO MOUNTAINS; POLITICAL ECOLOGY; LANDSCAPE CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; GENTRIFICATION; RESIDENTS; ATTITUDES; GROWTH; WEST | Amenity migration; Second homes; Mixed-method research | |
| Six fundamental aspects for conceptualizing multidimensional urban form: A spatial mapping perspective | Wentz, Elizabeth A.; York, Abigail M.; Alberti, Marina; Conrow, Lindsey; Fischer, Heather; Inostroza, Luis; Jantz, Claire; Pickett, Steward T. A.; Seto, Karen C.; Taubenboeck, Hannes | Landscape and urban planning | 2018 | Journal Article | Urbanization is currently one of the most profound transformations taking place across the globe influencing the flows of people, energy, and matter. The urban form influences and is influenced by these flows and is therefore critical in understanding and how urban areas affect and are affected by form. Nevertheless, there is a lack of uniformity in how urban form is analyzed. Urban form analyzed from a continuum of a simple urban versus non-urban classification to highly detailed representations of land use and land cover. Either end of the representation spectrum limits the ability to analyze within-urban dynamics, to make cross-city comparisons, and to produce generalizable results. In the framework of remote sensing and geospatial analysis, we identify and define six fundamental aspects of urban form, which are organized within three overarching components. Materials, or the physical elements of the urban landscape, consists of three aspects (1) human constructed elements, (2) the soil-plant continuum, and (3) water elements. The second component is configuration, which includes the (4) two- and three-dimensional space and (5) spatial pattern of urban areas. Lastly, because of the dynamics of human activities and biophysical processes, an important final component is the change of urban form over (6) time. We discuss how a this urban form framework integrates into a broader discussion of urbanization. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/six-fundamental-aspects-conceptualizing/docview/2131851150/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Rethinking marine infrastructure policy and practice: Insights from three large-scale marina developments in Seattle | Wilson, A. Meriwether W.; Mugerauer, Robert; Klinger, Terrie | MARINE POLICY | 2015 | Journal Article | The global transformation of the marine nearshore is generating profound losses of ecological and geomorphological functions and ecosystem services, as natural environments are replaced with built. With conservation a diminishing option and restoration often unrealistic, there is a need to rethink development and the potential for marine infrastructure to contribute to net environmental gain. Through analysis of 150 years of change associated with the development of three large-scale marinas in the Seattle area, this research identifies the ways in which evolving policy frameworks and ecological understanding determine the nature, efficiency and environmental outcomes of coastal marine developments. Decisions on infrastructure design, mitigation strategies and policy interpretations directly determined the ecological fate of marine biota inhabiting these structures as well as surrounding ecosystems. In spite of increasing evidence of environmental legislation driving mitigation and innovative engineering, the net ecological trajectories remained negative. There were no tested demonstrations of marine mitigation to confirm which measures would succeed. Where scientific understanding existed, the uptake into planning and legislation was slow. More broadly, this research highlights a need and opportunity to consider marine infrastructure as living laboratories to inform a policy shift from a no-net-loss paradigm to net-environmental-gain. This evolution is timely, with sea level rise requiring new approaches to coastal defenses and with marine energy infrastructure increasingly being located offshore, where there is little knowledge of the ecological changes occurring in both time and space. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | COASTAL; RESTORATION; LANDSCAPE; HABITATS; SCIENCE; DRIVER; AREAS; ACT | Marine coastal infrastructure; Ecological mitigation; Novel marine habitats; Environmental governance; Pacific Northwest | |
| Associations between Psychopathic Traits and Readiness for Change: An exploratory analysis | Salcido, Christine Galvan; Ray, James V.; Caudy, Michael; Viglione, Jill; Walter, Rebecca J. | PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES | 2019 | Journal Article | Readiness to change (RTC) indicates an individual's recognition of a problem as well as confidence in their ability to change (Gaume, Bertholet, & Daeppen, 2016), and is hypothesized to play an important role in therapeutic processes aimed at changing offending behaviors (Polaschek & Ross, 2010). However, prior research has generally failed to consider RTC among severe offender subgroups (Hodge & Renwick, 2002; Howells & Day, 2007) such as those with psychopathic personality features whom have often been characterized as resistant to treatment (Harris & Rice, 2006; Salekin, 2002). In the current sample of formerly incarcerated persons (N = 70), we explore the relationship between psychopathic personality traits, as measured by the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM; Patrick, 2010), and the unique components of RTC, as measured by an originally constructed assessment called the Change Readiness Scale (CRS). Each item of the CRS has been empirically supported and combined to form five subscales of change readiness (recognition, action, social bonds, human agency, and self efficacy). Results show unique associations between the subscales of the TriPM and aspects of the RTC construct, yielding it necessary to further explore these relationships to better understand how these factors may contribute to treatment and justice system outcomes. | HIGH-RISK; THERAPEUTIC ALLIANCE; PERSONALITY; VALIDATION; CONSTRUCT; BEHAVIOR | Psychopathy; Readiness to change; Triarchic Psychopathy Measure; Reentry; Offender | |
| Environmental determinants of unscheduled residential outages in the electrical power distribution of Phoenix, Arizona | Maliszewski, Paul J.; Larson, Elisabeth K.; Perrings, Charles | Reliability Engineering & System Safety | 2012 | Journal Article | The sustainability of power infrastructures depends on their reliability. One test of the reliability of an infrastructure is its ability to function reliably in extreme environmental conditions. Effective planning for reliable electrical systems requires knowledge of unscheduled outage sources, including environmental and social factors. Despite many studies on the vulnerability of infrastructure systems, the effect of interacting environmental and infrastructural conditions on the reliability of urban residential power distribution remains an understudied problem. We model electric interruptions using outage data between the years of 2002 and 2005 across Phoenix, Arizona. Consistent with perceptions of increased exposure, overhead power lines positively correlate with unscheduled outages indicating underground cables are more resistant to failure. In the presence of overhead lines, the interaction between birds and vegetation as well as proximity to nearest desert areas and lakes are positive driving factors explaining much of the variation in unscheduled outages. Closeness to the nearest arterial road and the interaction between housing square footage and temperature are also significantly positive. A spatial error model was found to provide the best fit to the data. Resultant findings are useful for understanding and improving electrical infrastructure reliability. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=70872518&site=ehost-live | ||
| Medical facilities in the neighborhood and incidence of sudden cardiac arrest. | Goh, Charlene E.; Mooney, Stephen J.; Siscovick, David S.; Lemaitre, Rozenn N.; Hurvitz, Philip; Sotoodehnia, Nona; Kaufman, Tanya K.; Zulaika, Garazi; Lovasi, Gina S. | Resuscitation | 2018 | Journal Article | Background: Medical establishments in the neighborhood, such as pharmacies and primary care clinics, may play a role in improving access to preventive care and treatment and could explain previously reported neighborhood variations in sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) incidence and survival. Methods: The Cardiac Arrest Blood Study Repository is a population-based repository of data from adult cardiac arrest patients and population-based controls residing in King County, Washington. We examined the association between the availability of medical facilities near home with SCA risk, using adult (age 18-80) Seattle residents experiencing cardiac arrest (n = 446) and matched controls (n = 208) without a history of heart disease. We also analyzed the association of major medical centers near the event location with emergency medical service (EMS) response time and survival among adult cases (age 18+) presenting with ventricular fibrillation from throughout King County (n = 1537). The number of medical facilities per census tract was determined by geocoding business locations from the National Establishment Time-Series longitudinal database 1990-2010. Results: More pharmacies in the home census tract was unexpectedly associated with higher odds of SCA (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.59), and similar associations were observed for other medical facility types. The presence of a major medical center in the event census tract was associated with a faster EMS response time (-53 s, 95% CI: -84, -22), but not with short-term survival. Conclusions: We did not observe a protective association between medical facilities in the home census tract and SCA risk, orbetween major medical centers in the event census tract and survival. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=131199949&site=ehost-live | ||
| Quantification of impervious surface in the Snohomish Water Resources Inventory Area of Western Washington from 1972–2006 | Powell, Scott L.; Cohen, Warren B.; Yang, Zhiqiang; Pierce, John D.; Alberti, Marina | Remote Sensing of Environment | 2008 | Journal Article | A 34 year time series (1972-2006) of Landsat imagery for a portion of Snohomish and King Counties, Washington (the Snohomish Water Resource Inventory Area (WRIA)) was analyzed to estimate the amount of land that was converted into impervious surface as a result of urban and residential development. Spectral unmixing was used to determine the fractional composition of vegetation, open, and shadow for each pixel. Unsupervised and supervised classification techniques were then used to derive preliminary land cover snaps for each time period. Digital orthophotos were used to create agricultural, forest management, high elevation, and riparian masks. In conjunction with established Urban Growth Areas (UGAs), these masks were utilized for the application of spatial rules that identified impervious surface as a surrogate for urban and residential development. Temporal rules, that minimized classification error, were developed based on each pixel's classified trajectory over the time series of imagery. Overall cross-date classification accuracy for impervious v. non-impervious surface was 95%. The results of the analysis indicate that the area of impervious surface in the Snohomish WRIA increased by 255% over 34 years, from 3285 ha in 1972 to 11,652 ha in 2006. This approach demonstrates the unique value of the 35 year Landsat archive for monitoring impervious surface trends in rapidly urbanizing areas. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=31306368&site=ehost-live | ||
| A comparative study on urban underground space planning system between China and Japan | Yuan, Hong; He, Yuan; Wu, Yuanyuan | SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY | 2019 | Journal Article | In China, urban underground space (UUS) planning is still in the exploration stage, and its development is hindered by problems related to local autonomy, systemic deficiency and poor management. This paper compared and analyzed the development status of UUS planning in China and Japan to study the differences in terms of planning objectives, planning structure, and planning content of UUS, and made suggestions for the future development of China's UUS planning system. Since there are many difficulties in underground master planning in China to predict the planning scale of UUS, planning can only serve to provide planning principles and site selections. Instead, the regulatory detailed planning has legal effect in the planning system and becomes the most direct and powerful tool for the government to control and guide the urban land use. Meanwhile, Japan's underground utilization system is guided by urban agglomeration and can provide an important reference for Chinese development in terms of refined design, human concern, regulation, legislation, and coordination. Urgently, China needs to establish a system for UUS planning and management to promote three-dimensional urban development, establish coordination mechanisms for the detailed planning of UUS, and strengthen the planning of underground transportation networks, complexes, and streets. | DEVELOPMENT TRENDS; RESOURCES | Comparison of underground space planningsystem between China and Japan; Land system; UUS master planning; UUS regulatory detailed planning; Three-dimensional intensification; Legalization; Environmental and safety | |
| Research on compactness ratio model of urban underground space and compact development mechanism of rail transit station affected area | Yuan, Hong; He, Yuan; Zhou, Junzheng; Li, You; Cui, Xu; Shen, Zhongwei | SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY | 2020 | Journal Article | In order to assess the impact of underground space development on urban compactness, taking Shenzhen Futian Station and Tokyo Station as empirical cases, this paper uses the comprehensive compactness formula to extract influencing factors and to explore the interaction mechanism between underground space utilization and urban compact development. Previous studies have shown that when urban development reaches a certain threshold, the area compactness will be improved. Otherwise, when the development is below the threshold, the area compactness will be reduced. The compactness we discuss in this study is related to the efficiency of underground space development. The average building distance is a core factor affecting urban compactness and the efficiency of underground space development. Increasing total building area of underground space development of rail stations can significantly increase urban compactness. | CITY | Rail transit station affected area; Underground space compactness ratio; Compactness development mechanism; Threshold of underground space building area; Above-ground and underground integration | |
| Residential property values are associated with obesity among women in King County, WA, USA | Rehm, Colin D.; Moudon, Anne V.; Hurvitz, Philip M.; Drewnowski, Adam | Social Science & Medicine | 2012 | Journal Article | Studies of social determinants of weight and health in the US have typically relied on self-reported education and incomes as the two primary measures of socioeconomic status (SES). The assessed value of one's home, an important component of wealth, may be a better measure of the underlying SES construct and a better predictor of obesity. The Seattle Obesity Study (SOS), conducted in 2008-9, was a cross-sectional random digit dial telephone survey of 2001 adults in King County, Washington State, US. Participants' addresses were geocoded and residential property values for each tax parcel were obtained from the county tax assessor's database. Prevalence ratios of obesity by property values, education, and household income were estimated separately for women and men, after adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, household size, employment status and home ownership. Among women, the inverse association between property values and obesity was very strong and independent of other SES factors. Women in the bottom quartile of property values were 3.4 times more likely to be obese than women in the top quartile. No association between property values and obesity was observed for men. The present data strengthen the evidence for a social gradient in obesity among women. Property values may represent a novel and objective measure of SES at the individual level in the US. Measures based on tax assessment data will provide a valuable resource for future health studies. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=76309863&site=ehost-live | ||
| Small increments in diet cost can improve compliance with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans | Rose, Chelsea M.; Gupta, Shilpi; Buszkiewicz, James; Ko, Linda K.; Mou, Jin; Cook, Andrea; Moudon, Anne Vernez; Aggarwal, Anju; Drewnowski, Adam | SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE | 2020 | Journal Article | Adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) may involve higher diet costs. This study assessed the relation between two measures of food spending and diet quality among adult participants (N = 768) in the Seattle Obesity Study (SOS III). All participants completed socio-demographic and food expenditure surveys and the Fred Hutch food frequency questionnaire. Dietary intakes were joined with local supermarket prices to estimate individual-level diet costs. Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) scores measured compliance with DGA. Multiple linear regressions using Generalized Estimating Equations with robust standard errors showed that lower food spending was associated with younger age, Hispanic ethnicity, and lower socioeconomic status. Even though higher HEI-2015 scores were associated with higher diet costs per 2000 kcal, much individual variability was observed. A positive curvilinear relationship was observed in adjusted models. At lower cost diets, a $100/ month increase in cost (from $150 to $250) was associated with a 20.6% increase in HEI-2015. For higher levels of diet cost (from $350 to $450) there were diminishing returns (2.8% increase in HEI2015). These findings indicate that increases in food spending at the lower end of the range have the most potential to improve diet quality. | HEALTHY EATING INDEX; INCOME INEQUALITY; QUALITY; OBESITY; ADULTS; EXPENDITURE; DISPARITIES; STRATEGY; OUTCOMES; SCORES | Food expenditures; Diet costs; Food shopping; Diet quality; HEI-2015; SES | |
| Human-centric lighting performance of shading panels in architecture: A benchmarking study with lab scale physical models under real skies. | Parsaee, Mojtaba; Demers, Claude M. H.; Lalonde, Jean-Francois; Potvin, Andre; Inanici, Mehlika; Hebert, Marc | Solar Energy | 2020 | Journal Article | This study investigates shading panels' (SPs) impacts on daylighting features in a lab scale model in terms of parameters representing potential human eyes' biological responses identified as image forming (IF) and non-image forming (NIF). IF responses enable vision and NIF responses regulate internal body clocks known as circadian clocks. Human-centric lighting evaluates photopic units, representing IF responses, and melanopic units representing NIF responses, combined with correlated color temperature (CCT) of light for potential biological effects. SPs' impacts on such parameters of daylighting have not yet been studied. Previous research mostly studied panels' impacts on visual comfort and glare related to IF responses. This research explores the impact of SPs' color, reflectance, orientation, and openness on photopic and melanopic units and CCT of daylighting inside a 1:50 physical scale model of a space. Approximately 40 prototypes of SPs were evaluated. An experimental setup was designed under outdoor daylighting conditions to capture high dynamic range (HDR) images inside the model. HDR images were post processed to calculate and render the distribution of photopic and melanopic units, melanopic/photopic (M/P) ratios and CCTs in the captured viewpoint of the model. Results reveal the behavior of SPs' color, reflectance, orientation, and openness in modifying daylighting parameters related to biological responses. Bluish panels, in particular, increase daylighting melanopic units and CCTs whereas reddish panels increase photopic units and reduce CCTs. The research results were discussed to provide an outline for future developments of panels to adapt daylighting to occupants' IF and NIF responses. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/human-centric-lighting-performance-shading-panels/docview/2440683417/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Biophilic photobiological adaptive envelopes for sub-Arctic buildings: Exploring impacts of window sizes and shading panels' color, reflectance, and configuration. | Parsaee, Mojtaba; Demers, Claude M. H.; Potvin, Andre; Lalonde, Jean-Francois; Inanici, Mehlika; Hebert, Marc | Solar Energy | 2021 | Journal Article | Northern building envelopes must provide efficient indoor-outdoor connections based on photobiologicalpsychological needs of occupants for positive relationships with the sub-Arctic nature, particularly daylighting and day/night cycles. Envelope configurations of Northern Canada's buildings have not yet considered such requirements. Potentials of adaptive systems are also still limited. This research develops a fundamental model of adaptive multi-skin envelopes for sub-Arctic buildings based on main biophilic and photobiological indicators which characterize efficient indoor-outdoor connections. Biophilic indicators characterize the state of connections among occupants and outdoors which could stimulate biological-psychological responses. Photobiological indicators determine human-centric lighting adaptation scenarios for hourly lighting qualities and sufficient darkness in relation to local day/night cycles and daylighting. Biophilic performance of the proposed envelope was evaluated through 18 numerical models in terms of impacts of window and shading sizes on occupants' field of views. Photobiological lighting performance was evaluated by experimental methods using 23 physical models at 1:10 scale. Surface characteristics of dynamic shading panels, including color, reflectance, orientation, and inclination, were studied for potential photobiological impacts in terms of melanopic/photopic ratios and color temperatures. Results show that the proposed envelope could (i) offer acceptable direct visual connections with the outdoor nature through efficient window sizes for biophilia, and (ii) modify daylighting qualities to address hourly/seasonal photobiological needs of sub-Arctic occupants. Challenges of the proposed envelope to implement under sub-Arctic climatic conditions are underlined especially in terms of energy issues. The research outcomes help architects and decision-makers to improve occupants' wellbeing and healthy buildings in subArctic climates. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/biophilic-photobiological-adaptive-envelopes-sub/docview/2539937296/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Built environment factors in explaining the automobile-involved bicycle crash frequencies: A spatial statistic approach | Chen, Peng | SAFETY SCIENCE | 2015 | Journal Article | The objective of this study is to understand the relationship between built environment factors and bicycle crashes with motor vehicles involved in Seattle. The research method employed is a Poisson lognormal random effects model using hierarchal Bayesian estimation. The Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) is selected as the unit of analysis to quantify the built environment factors. The assembled dataset provides a rich source of variables, including road network, street elements, traffic controls, travel demand, land use, and socio-demographics. The research questions are twofold: how are the built environment factors associated with the bicycle crashes, and are the TAZ-based bicycle crashes spatially correlated? The findings of this study are: (1) safety improvements should focus on places with more mixed land use; (2) off-arterial bicycle routes are safer than on-arterial bicycle routes; (3) TAZ-based bicycle crashes are spatially correlated; (4) TAZs with more road signals and street parking signs are likely to have more bicycle crashes; and (5) TAZs with more automobile trips have more bicycle crashes. For policy implications, the results suggest that the local authorities should lower the driving speed limits, regulate cycling and driving behaviors in areas with mixed land use, and separate bike lanes from road traffic. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | INJURY CRASHES; RISK ANALYSIS; MODELS; INFRASTRUCTURE; DEPENDENCE; COUNTS; LEVEL | Bicycle crash frequency; Hierarchal Bayesian estimation; Poisson lognormal random effects model; Built environment; Traffic analysis zone | |
| Workforce development: understanding task-level job demands-resources, burnout, and performance in unskilled construction workers. | Lee, Wonil; Migliaccio, Giovanni C.; Lin, Ken-Yu; Seto, Edmund Y. W. | Safety Science | 2020 | Journal Article | This study examines how task demands and personal resources affect unskilled construction worker productivity and safety performance. It extends the job demands-resources (JD-R) burnout model to show how job characteristics interact with burnout to influence performance. A modified model was designed to measure burnout, with exhaustion and disengagement among unskilled construction workers taken into consideration. An observational study was conducted in a laboratory environment to test the research hypotheses and assess the prediction accuracies of outcome constructs. Twenty-two subjects participated in multiple experiments designed to expose them to varying levels of task-demands and to record their personal resources as they performed common construction material-handling tasks. Specifically, both surveys and physiological measurements using wearable sensors were used to operationalize the model constructs. Moreover, partial least squares structural equation modeling was applied to analyze data collected at the task and individual levels. Exhaustion and disengagement exhibited different relationships with productivity and safety performance outcomes as measured by unit rate productivity and ergonomic behavior, respectively. Subjects with high burnout and high engagement showed high productivity but low safety performance. Thus, exhausted workers stand a greater chance of failing to comply with safety. As the sample and the task performed in the experiment do not cover the experience and trade of all construction workers, our findings are limited in their application to entry-level and unskilled workers, whose work is mainly manual material-handling tasks. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/workforce-development-understanding-task-level/docview/2371445580/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Rural households' perceptions and behavior expectations in response to seismic hazard in Sichuan, China. | Hua, Chunlin; Huang, Shih-Kai; Lindell, Michael K.; Yu, Chin-Hsien | Safety Science | 2020 | Journal Article | This study analyzed data from 663 rural households in the city of Jiangyou, Sichuan, China to examine the correlations of expectations of taking nine indoor seismic hazard response actions to a hypothetical earthquake with preparedness efforts, risk perceptions, and information reliance. The results indicate that respondents expect to rely on TV and local authorities as their principal sources of earthquake information. Respondents have greater expectations of infrastructure disruptions than property damage and casualties. In addition, they have greater expectations of taking some alternative actions, such as running outside of the building and helping others, than recommended in-place protective actions such as drop, cover, and hold. However, some erroneous actions, such as protecting property and ignoring the threat, are the least likely. Furthermore, regression analyses indicated that risk perceptions, together with some demographic characteristics and earthquake experience, are significant predictors of recommended in-place protective actions and helping others, whereas evacuation is related to higher risk perceptions. Unsurprisingly, respondents having previous seismic damage experience tend to be concerned about property protection and, similarly, those having fewer years of education are more likely to ignore the threat. This study also found that residents expect to rely on different channels to receive information before and after an earthquake. Nonetheless, respondents expect to engage in similar patterns of behavior during and after an earthquake. The results of this study indicate a need for greater dissemination of earthquake information in such rural areas to increase residents' risk perceptions and, in turn, understanding of appropriate emergency responses. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=142208342&site=ehost-live | ||
| Application of Prevention through Design (PtD) to improve the safety of solar installations on small buildings. | Ho, Chung; Lee, Hyun Woo; Gambatese, John A. | Safety Science | 2020 | Journal Article | As a viable, clean and renewable energy resource, solar energy has gained a significant interest in the US residential sector. Most solar systems are installed on rooftops to take advantage of available space and reduce land use. However, this installation environment also exposes workers to unique safety hazards related to existing roof conditions such as slippery roofing materials, irregular roof layouts, and steep roof slopes. Although Prevention through Design (ND) has been widely considered as an effective way to address safety issues during the design phase, little to no studies have applied ND to improve safety in solar energy installations. To fill this knowledge gap, this research aimed to investigate how, during the design phase, to address the safety concerns of solar workers when installing solar energy systems on residential buildings. Through a series of interviews, four case studies, and a seminar, seven solar ND attributes were identified: roofing materials, roof slopes, roof accessories, panel layouts, fall protection systems, lifting methods and electrical systems. Based on the attributes, a ND protocol was developed that can serve as guidance for implementing ND in solar installations. This paper presents the research activities and findings, and feedback gained from solar contractors through a seminar on the study. The study is expected to contribute to reducing safety hazards by implementing ND, help improve safety performance in solar installations on small residential buildings and support the promotion of safety in sustainable construction. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/application-prevention-through-design-ptd-improve/docview/2438721108/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| The Moving to Health (M2H) approach to natural experiment research: A paradigm shift for studies on built environment and health | Drewnowski, A.; Arterburn, D.; Zane, J.; Aggarwal, A.; Gupta, S.; Hurvitz, P. M.; Moudon, A., V; Bobb, J.; Cook, A.; Lozano, P.; Rosenberg, D. | SSM-POPULATION HEALTH | 2019 | Journal Article | Improving the built environment (BE) is viewed as one strategy to improve community diets and health. The present goal is to review the literature on the effects of BE on health, highlight its limitations, and explore the growing use of natural experiments in BE research, such as the advent of new supermarkets, revitalized parks, or new transportation systems. Based on recent studies on movers, a paradigm shift in built-environment health research may be imminent. Following the classic Moving to Opportunity study in the US, the present Moving to Health (M2H) strategy takes advantage of the fact that changing residential location can entail overnight changes in multiple BE variables. The necessary conditions for applying the M2H strategy to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases and to large longitudinal cohorts are outlined below. Also outlined are significant limitations of this approach, including the use of electronic medical records in lieu of survey data. The key research question is whether documented changes in BE exposure can be linked to changes in health outcomes in a causal manner. The use of geo-localized clinical information from regional health care systems should permit new insights into the social and environmental determinants of health. | BODY-MASS INDEX; NEIGHBORHOOD FOOD ENVIRONMENT; RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY-VALUES; CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK-FACTORS; NEW-YORK-CITY; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; OBESITY RATES; KING COUNTY; WEIGHT-GAIN; LAND-USE | Built environment (BE); Geographic information systems (GIS); Electronic medical records; Natural experiments; Obesity; Diabetes; Residential mobility | |
| Not quite a block party: COVID-19 street reallocation programs in Seattle, WA and Vancouver, BC | Firth, Caislin L.; Baquero, Barbara; Berney, Rachel; Hoerster, Katherine D.; Mooney, Stephen J.; Winters, Meghan | SSM-POPULATION HEALTH | 2021 | Journal Article | The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed mobility inequities within cities. In response, cities are rapidly implementing street reallocation initiatives. These interventions provide space for walking and cycling, however, other mobility needs (e.g., essential workers, deliveries) may be impeded by these reallocation decisions. Informed by mobility justice frameworks, we examined socio-spatial differences in access to street reallocations in Seattle, Washington and Vancouver, British Columbia. In both cities, more interventions occurred in areas where people of color, particularly Black and Indigenous people, lived. In Seattle, more interventions occurred in areas where people with disabilities, on food stamps, and children lived. In Vancouver, more interventions occurred in areas where recent immigrants lived, or where people used public transit or cycled to work. Street reallocations could be opportunities for cities to redress inequities in mobility and access to public spaces. Going forward, it is imperative to monitor how cities use data and welcome communities to redesign these temporary spaces to be corridors for their own mobility. | COVID-19; Equity; Inequalities; Built environment; Mobility; Cities; Mobility justice | ||
| Activity space metrics not associated with sociodemographic variables, diet or health outcomes in the Seattle Obesity Study II | Drewnowski, Adam; Aggarwal, Anju; Rose, Chelsea M.; Gupta, Shilpi; Delaney, Joseph A.; Hurvitz, Philip M. | SPATIAL AND SPATIO-TEMPORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY | 2019 | Journal Article | Background: Activity spaces (AS), captured using GPS tracking devices, are measures of dynamic exposure to the built environment (BE). Methods: Seven days of Global Positioning Systems (GPS) tracking data were obtained for 433 adult participants in the Seattle Obesity Study (SOS II). Heights and weights were measured. Dietary intakes from a food frequency questionnaire were used to calculate Healthy Eating Index (HEI 2010) scores. Linear regression analyses examined associations between AS measures: daily route length, convex hull, and radius of gyration, and diet quality and health outcomes, adjusting for covariates. Results: AS measures did not vary by age, gender, race/ethnicity, or socioeconomic status. AS measures were not associated with diet quality or with self-reported obesity or diabetes. One AS measure, route length (in miles), was associated with being employed, living in the suburbs, and with distance and time commuting to work. Conclusion: Spatial mobility studies based on GPS tracking of environmental exposure need to demonstrate a link to relevant health outcomes. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. | LOCAL FOOD ENVIRONMENT; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; GPS DATA; EXPOSURE; PATTERNS; QUALITY; WOMEN; INDEX | Built environment (BE); Activity space; Route length; HEI 2010; BMI | |
| Incorporating land use in metropolitan transportation planning | Waddell, Paul; Ulfarsson, Gudmundur F.; Franklin, Joel P.; Lobb, John | Transportation Research Part A: Policy & Practice | 2007 | Journal Article | In current practice, very few Metropolitan Planning Agencies attempt to capture the effects of transportation system changes on land use, and the consequent feedback effects on transportation system performance, despite substantial evidence that these effects may be significant. In this paper, we present a case study on the application of UrbanSim, a detailed land use simulation model system, and its integration with a regional travel demand model in the Greater Wasatch Front area of Utah. Like several other metropolitan areas, this region has recently been confronted with legal challenges to proposed highway projects, drawing substantial scrutiny to the land use-transportation connection. We describe the UrbanSim model specification, results from model estimation, and sensitivity analyses conducted with the combined land use and travel model system. The results of the sensitivity analysis suggest that accounting for the land use effects of a regional transportation plan may produce significant shifts in key transportation evaluation measures such as vehicle miles traveled, vehicle hours traveled, and hours of congestion delay. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=23603542&site=ehost-live | ||
| Comparing travel mode and trip chain choices between holidays and weekdays. | Yang, Liya; Shen, Qing; Li, Zhibin | Transportation Research Part A: Policy & Practice | 2016 | Journal Article | Choices of travel mode and trip chain as well as their interplays have long drawn the interests of researchers. However, few studies have examined the differences in the travel behaviors between holidays and weekdays. This paper compares the choice of travel mode and trip chain between holidays and weekdays tours using travel survey data from Beijing, China. Nested Logit (NL) models with alternative nesting structures are estimated to analyze the decision process of travelers. Results show that there are at least three differences between commuting-based tours on weekdays and non-commuting tours on holidays. First, the decision structures in weekday and holiday tours are opposite. In weekday tours people prefer to decide on trip chain pattern prior to choosing travel mode, whereas in holiday tours travel mode is chosen first. Second, holiday tours show stronger dependency on cars than weekday tours. Third, travelers on holidays are more sensitive to changes in tour time than to the changes in tour cost, while commuters on weekdays are more sensitive to tour cost. Findings are helpful for improving travel activity modeling and designing differential transportation system management strategies for weekdays and holidays. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=117556182&site=ehost-live | ||
| Factors affecting car ownership and mode choice in rail transit-supported suburbs of a large Chinese city. | Shen, Qing; Chen, Peng; Pan, Haixiao | Transportation Research Part A: Policy & Practice | 2016 | Journal Article | As Chinese cities continue to grow rapidly and their newly developed suburbs continue to accommodate most of the enormous population increase, rail transit is seen as the key to counter automobile dependence. This paper examines the effects of rail transit-supported urban expansion using travel survey data collected from residents in four Shanghai suburban neighborhoods, including three located near metro stations. Estimated binary logit model of car ownership and nested logit model of commuting mode choice reveal that: (1) proximity to metro stations has a significant positive association with the choice of rail transit as primary commuting mode, but its association with car ownership is insignificant; (2) income, job status, and transportation subsidy are all positively associated with the probabilities of owning car and driving it to work; (3) higher population density in work location relates positively to the likelihood of commuting by the metro, but does not show a significant relationship with car ownership; (4) longer commuting distance is strongly associated with higher probabilities of riding the metro, rather than driving, to work; (5) considerations of money, time, comfort, and safety appear to exert measurable influences on car ownership and mode choice in the expected directions, and the intention to ride the metro for commuting is reflected in its actual use as primary mode for journey to work. These results strongly suggest that rail transit-supported urban expansion can produce important positive outcomes, and that this strategic approach can be effectively facilitated by transportation policies and land use plans, as well as complemented by timely provision of high quality rail transit service to suburban residents. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=119585117&site=ehost-live | ||
| Common ground: Eight factors that influence walking and biking to school | Stewart, Orion; Moudon, Anne Vernez; Claybrooke, Charlotte | Transport Policy | 2012 | Journal Article | The primary goals of Safe Routes to School (SRTS) programs are to increase the number and safety of children walking, biking or using other forms of active travel to school (ATS). This study reviewed quantitative and qualitative research and identified eight common factors that influenced the choice of ATS: distance to school, parental fear of traffic and crime, family schedule constraints and values, neighborhood and family resources and culture, weather, and school characteristics. Suggestions were made as to how these barriers and facilitators of ATS could be integrated into the decision to fund local SRTS programs and to improve their effectiveness. Published by Elsevier Ltd. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=83929447&site=ehost-live | ||
| Cycling and the built environment, a US perspective | Moudon, AV; Lee, C; Cheadle, AD; Collier, CW; Johnson, D; Schmid, TL; Weather, RD | TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT | 2005 | Journal Article | This disaggregate cross-sectional study uses primary data on the cycling behavior of 608 randomly sampled respondents in urbanized King County, Washington, and objective parcel-level GIS measures of land use and infrastructure conditions. Binary logit model findings provide new insights on who bicycles, and on perceived and actual built environmental conditions associated with the likelihood of cycling in neighborhoods, controlling for socio-demographic variables. A high 21% of the respondents report cycling at least once a week in their neighborhood, more often for recreation or exercise than for transportation. Cycling is more popular among male, younger adults, transit users, and those who are physically active and in good health. Both perceived and objective environmental conditions contribute to the likelihood of cycling. Proximity to trails and the presence of agglomerations of offices, clinics/hospitals, and fast food restaurants, measured objectively, are significant environmental variables. Previously researched correlates of cycling, such as the presence of bicycle lanes, traffic speed and volume, slope, block size, and the presence of parks, are found insignificant when objectively measured. A non-linear relationship is found between the odds of cycling and the perception of traffic problems and automobile-oriented facilities. Overall, cycling is only moderately associated with the neighborhood environment. It appears to be an individual choice that is independent from environmental support. This finding likely reflects the limited bicycle infrastructure in the sample frame-an unfortunate condition found in most US metropolitan regions. Policy and intervention programs could increase cycling by improving both actual and perceived environmental conditions. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | LIFE-STYLE; WALKING; INTERVENTIONS | cycling; built environment; land use; infrastructure; GIS | |
| The 3Ds+R: Quantifying land use and urban form correlates of walking | Lee, Chanam; Moudon, Anne Vernez | TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT | 2006 | Journal Article | This paper focuses on objectively measured and individually observable micro-scale environmental variables. The process consists of initial variable screening, variable grouping and selection, variable prioritization, and statistical modeling. Using this method, small subset of correlates is isolated to be strongly associated with walking, that are grouped as destinations, distance, density, and route: the 3Ds + R. Distance measures to routine daily destinations are shown to be simple and effective alternatives to complicated composite measures often used to capture land use mix and street connectivity. The 3Ds + R can serve as the core constructs to quantify neighborhood walkability, and as practical targets for policies and interventions aimed at promoting walkable communities. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | DENSITY | walking; environment; measurement; walkable neighborhood | |
| Residential density and transportation emissions: Examining the connection by addressing spatial autocorrelation and self-selection | Hong, Jinhyun; Shen, Qing | TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT | 2013 | Journal Article | This paper examines the effect of residential density on CO2 equivalent from automobile using more specific emission factors based on vehicle and trip characteristics, and by addressing problems of spatial autocorrelation and self-selection. Drawing on the 2006 Puget Sound Regional Council Household Activity Survey data, the 2005 parcel and building database, the 2000 US Census data, and emission factors estimated using the Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator, we analyze the influence of residential density on road-based transportation emissions. In addition, a Bayesian multilevel model with spatial random effects and instrumental variables is employed to control for spatial autocorrelation and self-selection. The results indicate that the effect of residential density on transportation emissions is influenced by spatial correlation and self-selection. Our results still show, however, that increasing residential density leads to a significant reduction in transportation emissions. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | URBAN FORM; TRAVEL | Transportation emissions; Residential density; Confounding by location; Self-selection | |
| Using the built environment to oversample walk, transit, and bicycle travel. | Stewart, Orion Theodore; Moudon, Anne Vernez | Transportation Research: Part D | 2014 | Journal Article | Characteristics of the built environment (BE) have been associated with walk, transit, and bicycle travel. These BE characteristics can be used by transportation researchers to oversample households from areas where walk, transit, or bicycle travel is more likely, resulting in more observations of these uncommon travel behaviors. Little guidance, however, is available on the effectiveness of such built environment oversampling strategies. This article presents measures that can be used to assess the effectiveness of BE oversampling strategies and inform future efforts to oversample households with uncommon travel behaviors. The measures are sensitivity and specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR+), and positive predictive value (PPV). To illustrate these measures, they were calculated for 10 BE-defined oversampling strata applied post-hoc to a Seattle area household travel survey. Strata with an average block size of <10 acres within a 1/4 mile of household residences held the single greatest potential for oversampling households that walk, use transit, and/or bicycle. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=108296714&site=ehost-live | ||
| What determines rail transit passenger volume? Implications for transit oriented development planning. | Pan, Haixiao; Li, Jing; Shen, Qing; Shi, Cheng | Transportation Research: Part D | 2017 | Journal Article | Transit oriented development (TOD) has been an important topic for urban transportation planning research and practice. This paper is aimed at empirically examining the effect of rail transit station-based TOD on daily station passenger volume. Using integrated circuit (IC) card data on metro passenger volumes and cellular signaling data on the spatial distribution of human activities in Shanghai, the research identifies variations in ridership among rail transit stations. Then, regression analysis is performed using passenger volume in each station as the dependent variable. Explanatory variables include station area employment and population, residents' commuting distances, metro network accessibility, status as interchange station, and coupling with commercial activity centers. The main findings are: (1) Passenger volume is positively associated with employment density and residents' commuting distance around station; (2) stations with earlier opening dates and serving as transfer nodes tend to have positive association with passenger volumes; (3) metro stations better integrated with nearby commercial development tend to have larger passenger volumes. Several implications are drawn for TOD planning: (1) TOD planning should be integrated with rail transit network planning; (2) location of metro stations should be coupled with commercial development; (3) high employment densities should be especially encouraged as a key TOD feature; and (4) interchange stations should be more strategically positioned in the planning for rail transit network. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=126063920&site=ehost-live | ||
| Differences in behavior, time, location, and built environment between objectively measured utilitarian and recreational walking. | Kang, Bumjoon; Moudon, Anne V.; Hurvitz, Philip M.; Saelens, Brian E. | Transportation Research: Part D | 2017 | Journal Article | Objectives: Utilitarian and recreational walking both contribute to physical activity. Yet walking for these two purposes may be different behaviors. We sought to provide operational definitions of utilitarian and recreational walking and to objectively measure their behavioral, spatial, and temporal differences in order to inform transportation and public health policies and interventions. Methods: Data were collected 2008-2009 from 651 Seattle-King County residents, wearing an accelerometer and a GPS unit, and filling-in a travel diary for 7 days. Walking activity bouts were classified as utilitarian or recreational based on whether walking had a destination or not. Differences between the two walking purposes were analyzed, adjusting for the nested structure of walking activity within participants. Results: Of the 4905 observed walking bouts, 87.4% were utilitarian and 12.6% recreational walking. Utilitarian walking bouts were 45% shorter in duration (-12.1 min) and 9% faster in speed (+0.3 km/h) than recreational walking bouts. Recreational walking occurred more frequently in the home neighborhood and was not associated with recreational land uses. Utilitarian walking occurred in areas having higher residential, employment, and street density, lower residential property value, higher area percentage of mixed-use neighborhood destinations, lower percentage of parks/trails, and lower average topographic slope than recreational walking. Conclusion: Utilitarian and recreational walking are substantially different in terms of frequency, speed, duration, location, and related built environment. Policies that promote walking should adopt type-specific strategies. The high occurrence of recreational walking near home highlights the importance of the home neighborhood for this activity. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=126063896&site=ehost-live | ||
| Travel mode choices in small cities of China: A case study of Changting. | Hu, Hong; Xu, Jiangang; Shen, Qing; Shi, Fei; Chen, Yangjin | Transportation Research: Part D | 2018 | Journal Article | The existing literature on urban transportation planning in China focuses primarily on large cities and neglects small cities. This paper aims to fill part of the knowledge gap by examining travel mode choice in Changting, a small city that has been experiencing fast spatial expansion and growing transportation problems. Using survey data collected from 1470 respondents on weekdays and weekends, the study investigates the relationship between mode choice and individuals' socio-economic characteristics, trip characteristics, attitudes, and home and workplace built environments. While more than 35 percent of survey respondents are car owners, walk, bicycle, e-bike, and motorcycle still account for over 85 percent of trips made during peak hours. E-bike and motorcycle are the dominant means of travel on weekdays, but many people shift to walking and cycling on weekends, making non-motorized and semi-motorized travel especially important for non-commuting trips. Results of multinomial logistic regression show that: (1) job-housing balance might exert different effects on mode choice in different types of urban areas; (2) negative attitude towards e-bike and motorcycle is associated with more walking and cycling; and (3) land use diversity of workplace is related to commuting mode choice on weekdays, while land use diversities of both residential and activity places do not significantly affect mode choice on weekends. Our findings imply that planning and design for small cities needs to differentiate land use and transportation strategies in various types of areas, and to launch outreach programs to shift people's mode choice from motorized travel to walking and cycling. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=128166349&site=ehost-live | ||
| Bicycle parking security and built environments. | Chen, Peng; Liu, Qian; Sun, Feiyang | Transportation Research: Part D | 2018 | Journal Article | The lack of secure bicycle parking is a serious but often neglected issue that discourages bicycling. Classical environment criminology theories try to explain the pattern of bicycle theft but provide limited insights into the relationship between crime and the built environment. This study examines the association between built environment factors and bicycle theft using a zero inflated negative binomial model to account for data over-dispersion and excess zeros. The assembled dataset provides variables pertaining to the road network, land use, bicycle travel demand, and socio-demographics. The key findings are as follows: (1) Bicycle theft is more likely to occur in areas for commercial purposes, areas with a high population or employment density, and areas with more bike lanes or sidewalks. (2) Bicycle theft is likely to occur at sites with more bike racks or bus stops. (3) Bicycle theft is more likely to occur at mid-blocks than at intersections. (4) Bicycle theft is more likely to occur in neighborhoods with a greater percentage of socially disadvantaged people and in neighborhoods where residents' median age is lower. (5) The likelihood of losing a bicycle is lower in areas with more bicycle trips. In general, the number of bicycle thefts increases in dense areas with more targets and decreases with greater natural guardianship provided by more passersby. With respect to policy implications, governments and transport planners should implement a geographically-differentiated surveillance strategy, encourage bicycling, improve the visibility of bike racks to the public, and promote surveillance and natural guardianship in densely developed areas. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=130792492&site=ehost-live | ||
| Promoting public bike-sharing: A lesson from the unsuccessful Pronto system. | Sun, Feiyang; Chen, Peng; Jiao, Junfeng | Transportation Research: Part D | 2018 | Journal Article | In 2014, Seattle implemented its own bike-sharing system, Pronto. However, the system ultimately ceased operation three years later on March 17th, 2017. To learn from this failure, this paper seeks to understand factors that encourage, or discourage, bike-sharing trip generation and attraction at the station level. This paper investigates the effects of land use, roadway design, elevation, bus trips, weather, and temporal factors on three-hour long bike pickups and returns at each docking station. To address temporal autocorrelations and the nonlinear seasonality, the paper implements a generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) that incorporates the joint effects of a time metric and time-varying variables. The paper estimates models on total counts of pickups and returns, as well as pickups categorized by user types and by location. The results clarify that effects of hilly terrain and the rainy weather, two commonly perceived contributors to the failure. Additionally, results suggest that users in the University District, presumably mostly university students, tend to use shared bikes in neighborhoods with a higher household density and a higher percentage of residential land use, and make bike-sharing trips regardless workdays or non-workdays. The paper also contributes to the discussion on the relationship between public transportation service and bike-sharing. In general, users tend to use bike-sharing more at stations that have more scheduled bus trips nearby. However, some bike-sharing users may shift to bus services during peak hours and rainy weather. Several strategies are proposed accordingly to increase bike ridership in the future. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=131185420&site=ehost-live | ||
| Dynamic Modal Accessibility Gap: Measurement and Application Using Travel Routes Data. | Guan, Jinping; Zhang, Kai; Shen, Qing; He, Ying | Transportation Research: Part D | 2020 | Journal Article | Accessibility is a key concept in transportation research and an important indicator of people's quality of life. With the development of big data analytics, dynamic accessibility that captures the temporal variations of accessibility becomes an important research focus. Few prior studies focus on comparative measures of dynamic accessibility to Points of Interest (POIs) by alternative travel modes. To fill this research gap, we propose a new index called dynamic modal accessibility gap (DMAG), which draws upon available data on residents' real travel routes using different travel modes, as well as the data on POIs. We study the DMAG in the real-travel covered area, assuming POIs are only useful if it is within someone's real-travel covered area. We then apply this DMAG methodology to Shanghai's central city and peripheral area. In both cases, we measure the accessibility for public and private travel modes. As an example, one-week taxi GPS and metro smart card data, and POIs data are used to generate the DMAG index for 30-minute and 60-minute trip durations for weekdays and holidays. Results show that DMAG can reflect the pattern of temporal variations. The proposed DMAG analytical framework, which can be applied at both the user and the system levels, can support urban and transportation planning, and promote social equity and livability. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=142560800&site=ehost-live | ||
| Community response to hurricane threat: Estimates of household evacuation preparation time distributions | Lindell, Michael K.; Sorensen, John H.; Baker, Earl J.; Lehman, William P. | TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT | 2020 | Journal Article | Household evacuation preparation time distributions are essential when computing evacuation time estimates (ETEs) for hurricanes with late intensification or late changing tracks. Although evacuation preparation times have been assessed by expected task completion times, actual task completion times, and departure delays, it is unknown if these methods produce similar results. Consequently, this study compares data from one survey assessing expected task completion times, three surveys assessing actual task completion times, and three surveys assessing departure delays after receiving a warning. In addition, this study seeks to identify variables that predict household evacuation preparation times. These analyses show that the three methods of assessing evacuation preparation times produce results that are somewhat different, but the differences have plausible explanations. Household evacuation preparation times are poorly predicted by demographic variables, but are better predicted by variables that predict evacuation decisions-perceived storm characteristics, expected personal impacts, and evacuation facilitators. | TRAVEL DEMAND MODEL; DECISION-MAKING; COMMUNICATION; PREDICTION; SIMULATION | Hurricane evacuation models; Preparation time distributions; Mobilization time distributions; Departure delay time distributions; Social milling | |
| Eco-evolutionary dynamics in an urbanizing planet. | Alberti, Marina | Trends in Ecology & Evolution | 2015 | Journal Article | A great challenge for ecology in the coming decades is to understand the role humans play in eco-evolutionary dynamics. If, as emerging evidence shows, rapid evolutionary change affects ecosystem functioning and stability, current rapid environmental change and its evolutionary effects might have significant implications for ecological and human wellbeing on a relatively short time scale. Humans are major selective agents with potential for unprecedented evolutionary consequences for Earth's ecosystems, especially as cities expand rapidly. In this review, I identify emerging hypotheses on how urbanization drives eco-evolutionary dynamics. Studying how human-driven micro-evolutionary changes interact with ecological processes offers us the chance to advance our understanding of eco-evolutionary feedbacks and will provide new insights for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem function over the long term. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=100512651&site=ehost-live | ||
| Urban Landscape Heterogeneity Influences the Relationship between Tree Canopy and Land Surface Temperature | Jung, Meen Chel; Dyson, Karen; Alberti, Marina | Urban forestry & urban greening | 2021 | Journal Article | Urban trees play a key role in alleviating elevated summertime land surface temperatures in cities. However, urban landscape influences the capacity of urban trees to mitigate higher temperatures. We propose that both developed land characteristics and tree cover should be considered to accurately estimate the mitigation effects of canopy cover. We subclassified original land cover based on the canopy cover ratio to capture the within-land cover heterogeneity. We selected two coastal cities with different summertime climatic conditions: Seattle, Washington, USA, and Baltimore, Maryland, USA. We used Landsat-based grid cells (30 m x 30 m) as our spatial analytical unit, with corresponding land surface temperature, canopy area, canopy compactness, population size, and National Land Cover Database (NLCD)-based land cover group. We first used grouped boxplots, Kruskal-Wallis H tests, and post-hoc multiple comparison tests to detect the distribution of land surface temperatures by the land cover group. We then introduced statistical models to test the group effects on the relationship between land surface temperatures and canopy cover variables. We found: (1) land surface temperature increases with level of development, (2) land surface temperature decreases with canopy cover level, (3) the magnitude of the mitigation effects from canopy area differs based on development level and current canopy cover, (4) the differing efficacies of canopy area in decreasing land surface temperature follows a nonlinear threshold relationship, and (5) compactness of canopy cover was not significant in reducing the land surface temperature. These findings suggest the importance of considering heterogeneous canopy cover within developed land cover classes in urban heat island research. Tree planting strategies need to consider the nonlinear relationships between tree canopy cover and land surface temperature alongside environmental equity concerns. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/urban-landscape-heterogeneity-influences/docview/2498234874/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| The built environment and utilitarian walking in small U.S. towns. | Doescher, Mark P.; Lee, Chanam; Berke, Ethan M.; Adachi-Mejia, Anna M.; Lee, Chun-kuen; Stewart, Orion; Patterson, Davis G.; Hurvitz, Philip M.; Carlos, Heather A.; Duncan, Glen E.; Moudon, Anne Vernez | Preventive Medicine | 2014 | Journal Article | Objectives. The role of the built environment on walking in rural United States (U.S.) locations is not well characterized. We examined self-reported and measured built environment correlates of walking for utilitarian purposes among adult residents of small rural towns. Methods. In 2011-12, we collected telephone survey and geographic data from 2152 adults in 9 small towns from three U.S. regions. We performed mixed-effects logistic regression modeling to examine relationships between built environment measures and utilitarian walking (any versus none; high [>= 150 min per week] versus low [<150 min per week]) to retail, employment and public transit destinations. Results. Walking levels were lower than those reported for populations living in larger metropolitan areas. Environmental factors significantly (p < 0.05) associated with higher odds of utilitarian walking in both models included self-reported presence of crosswalks and pedestrian signals and availability of park/natural recreational areas in the neighborhood, and also objectively measured manufacturing land use. Conclusions. Environmental factors associated with utilitarian walking in cities and suburbs were important in small rural towns. Moreover, manufacturing land use was associated with utilitarian walking. Modifying the built environment of small towns could lead to increased walking in a sizeable segment of the U.S. population. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=99802823&site=ehost-live | ||
| How far from home? The locations of physical activity in an urban US setting | Hurvitz, Philip M.; Moudon, Anne V.; Kang, Bumjoon; Fesinmeyer, Megan D.; Saelens, Brian E. | PREVENTIVE MEDICINE | 2014 | Journal Article | Little is known about where physical activity (PA) occurs, or whether different demographic groups accumulate PA in different locations. Method. Objective data on PA and location from 611 adults over 7 days were collected in King County, WA in 2008-2009. The relative amounts of time spent in sedentary-to-low and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) were quantified at three locations: home (<125 m from geocoded home locations); near home (125-1666 m, defining the home neighborhood); and away from home (>1666 m). Differences in MVPA by demographics and location were examined. The percent of daily time in MVPA was estimated using a mixed model adjusted for location, sex, age, race/ethnicity, employment, education, BMI, and income. Results. Most MVPA time occurred in nonhome locations, and disproportionately near home; this location was associated with 16.46% greater time in MVPA, compared to at-home activity (p< 0.001), whereas more time spent at away locations was associated with 3.74% greater time in MVPA (p< 0.001). Location was found to be a predictor of MVPA independent of demographic factors. Conclusion. A large proportion of MVPA time is spent at near locations, corresponding to the home neighborhood studied in previous PA research. Away locations also host time spent in MVPA and should be the focus of future research. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved. | ACCELEROMETER DATA; BUILT ENVIRONMENT; UNITED-STATES; NEIGHBORHOOD WALKABILITY; EXERCISE INTENSITY; TIME USE; LAND-USE; WALKING; HEALTH; BEHAVIOR | Built environment; Physical activity; Objective measurement; GPS; Accelerometry; GIS | |
| Geographic disparities in Healthy Eating Index scores (HEI-2005 and 2010) by residential property values: Findings from Seattle Obesity Study (SOS). | Drewnowski, Adam; Aggarwal, Anju; Cook, Andrea; Stewart, Orion; Moudon, Anne Vernez | Preventive Medicine | 2016 | Journal Article | Background. Higher socioeconomic status (SES) has been linked with higher-quality diets. New GIS methods allow for geographic mapping of diet quality at a very granular level. Objective. To examine the geographic distribution of two measures of diet quality: Healthy Eating Index (HEI 2005 and HEI 2010) in relation to residential property values in Seattle-King County. Methods. The Seattle Obesity Study (SOS) collected data from a population-based sample of King County adults in 2008-09. Socio-demographic data were obtained by 20-min telephone survey. Dietary data were obtained from food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). Home addresses were geocoded to the tax parcel and residential property values were obtained from the King County tax assessor. Multivariable regression analyses using 1116 adults tested associations between SES variables and diet quality measured (HEI scores). Results. Residential property values, education, and incomes were associated with higher HEI scores in bivariate analyses. Property values were not collinear with either education or income. In adjusted multivariable models, education and residential property were better associated with HEI, compared to than income. Mapping of HEI-2005 and HEI-2010 at the census block level illustrated the geographic distribution of diet quality across Seattle-King County. Conclusion. The use of residential property values, an objective measure of SES, allowed for the first visual exploration of diet quality at high spatial resolution: the census block level. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=112240494&site=ehost-live | ||
| Personal, temporal and spatial characteristics of seriously injured crash-involved seat belt non-users in Hawaii | Kim, S; Kim, K | ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION | 2003 | Journal Article | The characteristics of crash-involved seat belt non-users in a high use state (Hawaii) are examined in order to better design enforcement and education programs. Using police crash report data over a 10-year period (1986-1995). we compare belted and unbelted drivers and front seat occupants, who were seriously injured in crashes, in terms of personal (age, gender, alcohol involvement, etc.) and crash characteristics (time, location, roadway factors, etc.). A logistic regression model combined with the spline method is used to analyze and categorize the salient differences between users and non-users. We find that unbelted occupants are more likely to be male, younger, unlicensed, intoxicated and driving pickup trucks versus other vehicles. Moreover, non-users are more likely than users to be involved in speed-related crashes in rural areas during the nighttime. Passengers are 70 times more likely to be unbelted if the driver is also unbelted than passengers of vehicles with belted drivers. While our general findings are similar to other seat belt studies, the contribution of this paper is in terms of a deeper understanding of the relative importance of various factors associated with non-use among seriously injured occupants as well as demonstrating a powerful methodology for analyzing safety problems entailing the categorization of various groups. While the former has implication for seat belt enforcement and education programs, the latter is relevant to a host of other research questions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. | DRIVERS; PREDICTORS | seriously injured occupants; seat belt use; z-tests; logistic regression; spline method; Hawaii | |
| Drawing on the Back of an Envelope: a framework for interacting with application programs by freehand drawing | Gross, MD; Do, EYL | COMPUTERS & GRAPHICS-UK | 2000 | Journal Article | The Back of an Envelope project demonstrates how a calligraphic interface (one that employs a pen or stylus to input freehand drawing marks) can be used in a wide variety of domains, from databases to simulation programs, to 3D modeling, from mostly symbolic diagrams to freeform sketches. The wide variety of drawing types and domains calls for a diverse range of approaches. We describe some of the functionality of our systems, including contextual recognition of symbols and configurations and emergent shape recognition, and some of the calligraphic interfaces we've built. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. | design; diagramming; freehand sketching; human-computer interface; knowledge-based design systems; recognition | ||
| Restoring nature in the city: Puget Sound experiences | Schauman, S; Salisbury, S | LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING | 1998 | Journal Article | Restoring nature within American urban areas seems basic to sustainability both in theory (Hough, 1995) and in practice (Sustainable Seattle, 1993). In addition to applicable science, restoration of urban green areas requires two complementary efforts, (1) a plan or process to locate and to rank potential restoration sites and (2) an understanding of how restoration designs will be accepted, and therefore, maintained by nearby residents. The urban Puget Sound region of Washington state has a 10 year history of stream restoration to improve salmonid habitats. This discussion reports on two regional research studies, one dealing with planning (Liberty Bay), the other with restoration design (Urban Streams). The first project, Liberty Bay, studied the feasibility of combining existing physical and political/social data to locate and rank potential restoration sites using a geographic information system. The study area was a small (<4000 ha) urbanizing watershed surrounding a polluted shellfish bay. The Liberty Bay study demonstrate the feasibility and identified the limits of combining physical data with social and political information. The second study, Urban Streams, is an ongoing, multidisciplinary effort to evaluate the efficacy of regional urban stream restoration as to stream dynamics, biotic conditions and human responses. The human response past of the Urban Streams study has two components. One is to analyze visual preferences for stream restoration engineering techniques. Salisbury (1997) used photo-simulated images of a proposed design to survey preferences. Her results demonstrated that respondents could differentiate various restoration designs based on their visual texture trough to refined) and had clear preferences for the 'refined' scenes in this urban regional context. The other study direction is to identify and evaluate human behavior toward urban streams. Initial results of this effort show that the majority of observed behaviors toward urban streams is negative. This result is disconcerting given the fact that the Puget Sound region has a reputation for a high degree of environmental sensitivity. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. | |||
| The impact of Seoul's subway Line 5 on residential property values | Bae, Chang-Hee Christine; Jun, Myung-Jin; Park, Hyeon | Transport Policy | 2003 | Journal Article | This research investigates the impact of the construction of a new subway line (Line 5) in Seoul on nearby residential property values. A hedonic pricing model shows that distance from a Line 5 subway station had a statistically significant effect on residential prices only prior to the line''s opening. This is consistent with the anticipatory effect observed in other studies. Moreover, accessibility to transit had, in general, less of an impact on house prices than other variables such as the size of the unit, the quality of the school district, proximity to the high-status Kangnam subcenter, and possibly accessibility to recreational resources. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]; Copyright of Transport Policy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=9855152&site=ehost-live | SUBWAYS; SEOUL (Korea); SOUTH Korea; KOREA; Accessibility; Hedonic pricing; Residential property values; Subway stations | |
| Integrating solutions to adapt cities for climate change | Lin, Brenda B.; Ossola, Alessandro; Alberti, Marina; Andersson, Erik; Bai, Xuemei; Dobbs, Cynnamon; Elmqvist, Thomas; Evans, Karl L.; Frantzeskaki, Niki; Fuller, Richard A.; Gaston, Kevin J.; Haase, Dagmar; Jim, Chi Yung; Konijnendijk, Cecil; Nagendra, Harini; Niemela, Jari; McPhearson, Timon; Moomaw, William R.; Parnell, Susan; Pataki, Diane; Ripple, William J.; Tan, Puay Yok | LANCET PLANETARY HEALTH | 2021 | Journal Article | Record climate extremes are reducing urban liveability, compounding inequality, and threatening infrastructure. Adaptation measures that integrate technological, nature-based, and social solutions can provide multiple co-benefits to address complex socioecological issues in cities while increasing resilience to potential impacts. However, there remain many challenges to developing and implementing integrated solutions. In this Viewpoint, we consider the value of integrating across the three solution sets, the challenges and potential enablers for integrating solution sets, and present examples of challenges and adopted solutions in three cities with different urban contexts and climates (Freiburg, Germany; Durban, South Africa; and Singapore). We conclude with a discussion of research directions and provide a road map to identify the actions that enable successful implementation of integrated climate solutions. We highlight the need for more systematic research that targets enabling environments for integration; achieving integrated solutions in different contexts to avoid maladaptation; simultaneously improving liveability, sustainability, and equality; and replicating via transfer and scale-up of local solutions. Cities in systematically disadvantaged countries (sometimes referred to as the Global South) are central to future urban development and must be prioritised. Helping decision makers and communities understand the potential opportunities associated with integrated solutions for climate change will encourage urgent and deliberate strides towards adapting cities to the dynamic climate reality. | URBAN; RESILIENCE; ENERGY; WATER; TRANSFORMATIONS; SUSTAINABILITY; OPPORTUNITIES; CHALLENGES; MITIGATION; KNOWLEDGE | ||
| Characterizing the food environment: pitfalls and future directions. | Moudon, Anne Vernez; Drewnowski, Adam; Duncan, Glen E.; Hurvitz, Philip M.; Saelens, Brian E.; Scharnhorst, Eric | Public Health Nutrition | 2013 | Journal Article | Objective: To assess a county population's exposure to different types of food sources reported to affect both diet quality and obesity rates. Design: Food permit records obtained from the local health department served to establish the full census of food stores and restaurants. Employing prior categorization schemes which classified the relative healthfulness of food sources based on establishment type (i.e. supermarkets v. convenience stores, or full-service v. fast-food restaurants), food establishments were assigned to the healthy, unhealthy or undetermined groups. Setting: King County, WA, USA. Subjects: Full census of food sources. Results: According to all categorization schemes, most food establishments in King County fell into the unhealthy and undetermined groups. Use of the food permit data showed that large stores, which included supermarkets as healthy food establishments, contained a sizeable number of bakery/delis, fish/meat, ethnic and standard quick-service restaurants and coffee shops, all food sources that, when housed in a separate venue or owned by a different business establishment, were classified as either unhealthy or of undetermined value to health. Conclusions: To fully assess the potential health effects of exposure to the extant food environment, future research would need to establish the health value of foods in many such common establishments as individually owned grocery stores and ethnic food stores and restaurants. Within-venue exposure to foods should also be investigated. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/characterizing-food-environment-pitfalls-future/docview/1836627274/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Associations Between Fast-Food Consumption and Body Mass Index: A Cross-Sectional Study in Adult Twins. | Cohen-Cline, Hannah; Lau, Richard; Moudon, Anne V.; Turkheimer, Eric; Duncan, Glen E. | Twin Research & Human Genetics | 2015 | Journal Article | Obesity is a substantial health problem in the United States, and is associated with many chronic diseases. Previous studies have linked poor dietary habits to obesity. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the association between body mass index (BMI) and fast-food consumption among 669 same-sex adult twin pairs residing in the Puget Sound region around Seattle, Washington. We calculated twin-pair correlations for BMI and fast-food consumption. We next regressed BMI on fast-food consumption using generalized estimating equations (GEE), and finally estimated the within-pair difference in BMI associated with a difference in fast-food consumption, which controls for all potential genetic and environment characteristics shared between twins within a pair. Twin-pair correlations for fast-food consumption were similar for identical (monozygotic; MZ) and fraternal (dizygotic; DZ) twins, but were substantially higher in MZ than DZ twins for BMI. In the unadjusted GEE model, greater fast-food consumption was associated with larger BMI. For twin pairs overall, and for MZ twins, there was no association between within-pair differences in fast-food consumption and BMI in any model. In contrast, there was a significant association between within-pair differences in fast-food consumption and BMI among DZ twins, suggesting that genetic factors play a role in the observed association. Thus, although variance in fast-food consumption itself is largely driven by environmental factors, the overall association between this specific eating behavior and BMI is largely due to genetic factors. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=108675701&site=ehost-live | ||
| Microsimulation of Urban Development and Location Choices: Design and Implementation of UrbanSim | Waddell, P.; Borning, A.; Noth, M.; Freier, N.; Becke, M.; Ulfarsson, G. | NETWORKS & SPATIAL ECONOMICS | 2003 | Journal Article | UrbanSim is a new urban simulation model, developed over the past several years, which is now operational in three urban areas in the United States. The model system is designed to address emerging needs to better coordinate transportation and land use planning as a result of recognition of the strong interactions between land use and transportation, increasing pressure from federal transportation and environmental legislation, and growing adoption of state growth management programs. The model system is implemented as a set of interacting model components that represent the major actors and choices in the urban system, including household moving and residential location, business choices of employment location, and developer choices of locations and types of real estate development, all subject to the influence of governmental transportation and land use policy scenarios. The model design is unusual in the degree of disaggregation of space, time, and agents, and in the adoption of a dynamic disequilibrium approach. The objective of this paper is to describe the entire system at a sufficient level of detail to convey the key specification and design choices made in implementing the system. | urban modeling; microsimulation; land use and transportation; location choice | ||
| Seasonal controls on the exchange of carbon and water in an Amazonian rain forest | Hutyra, Lucy R.; Munger, J. William; Saleska, Scott R.; Gottlieb, Elaine; Daube, Bruce C.; Dunn, Allison L.; Amaral, Daniel F.; de Camargo, Plinio B.; Wofsy, Steven C. | JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES | 2007 | Journal Article | [1] The long-term resilience of Amazonian forests to climate changes and the fate of their large stores of organic carbon depend on the ecosystem response to climate and weather. This study presents 4 years of eddy covariance data for CO2 and water fluxes in an evergreen, old-growth tropical rain forest examining the forest's response to seasonal variations and to short-term weather anomalies. Photosynthetic efficiency declined late in the wet season, before appreciable leaf litter fall, and increased after new leaf production midway through the dry season. Rates of evapotranspiration were inelastic and did not depend on dry season precipitation. However, ecosystem respiration was inhibited by moisture limitations on heterotrophic respiration during the dry season. The annual carbon balance for this ecosystem was very close to neutral, with mean net loss of 890 +/- 220 kg C ha(-1) yr(-1), and a range of -221 +/- 453 (C uptake) to +2677 +/- 488 (C loss) kg C ha(-1) yr(-1) over 4 years. The trend from large net carbon release in 2002 towards net carbon uptake in 2005 implies recovery from prior disturbance. The annual carbon balance was sensitive to weather anomalies, particularly the timing of the dry-to-wet season transition, reflecting modulation of light inputs and respiration processes. Canopy carbon uptake rates were largely controlled by phenology and light with virtually no indication of seasonal water limitation during the 5-month dry season, indicating ample supplies of plant-available-water and ecosystem adaptation for maximum light utilization. | EDDY COVARIANCE; TROPICAL FOREST; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; FLUXES; CLIMATE; STORAGE; RESPIRATION; DYNAMICS; DIOXIDE; VARIABILITY | ||
| Validating self-reported food expenditures against food store and eating-out receipts | Tang, W.; Aggarwal, A.; Liu, Z.; Acheson, M.; Rehm, C. D.; Moudon, A. V.; Drewnowski, A. | EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION | 2016 | Journal Article | BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To compare objective food store and eating-out receipts with self-reported household food expenditures. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The Seattle Obesity Study II was based on a representative sample of King County adults, Washington, USA. Self-reported household food expenditures were modeled on the Flexible Consumer Behavior Survey (FCBS) Module from 2007 to 2009 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Objective food expenditure data were collected using receipts. Self-reported food expenditures for 447 participants were compared with receipts using paired t-tests, Bland-Altman plots and.-statistics. Bias by sociodemographics was also examined. RESULTS: Self-reported expenditures closely matched with objective receipt data. Paired t-tests showed no significant differences between receipts and self-reported data on total food expenditures, expenditures at food stores or eating out. However, the highest-income strata showed weaker agreement. Bland-Altman plots confirmed no significant bias across both methods-mean difference: 6.4; agreement limits: -123.5 to 143.4 for total food expenditures, mean difference 5.7 for food stores and mean difference 1.7 for eating out. The kappa-statistics showed good agreement for each (kappa 0.51, 0.41 and 0.49 respectively. Households with higher education and income had significantly more number of receipts and higher food expenditures. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported food expenditures using NHANES questions, both for food stores and eating out, serve as a decent proxy for objective household food expenditures from receipts. This method should be used with caution among high-income populations, or with high food expenditures. This is the first validation of the FCBS food expenditures question using food store and eating-out receipts. | HOUSEHOLD FOOD; SUPERMARKET; OBESITY; ENERGY; PURCHASES; PATTERNS; WOMEN; FAT | ||
| Food environment and socioeconomic status influence obesity rates in Seattle and in Paris. | Drewnowski, A.; Moudon, A. V.; Jiao, J.; Aggarwal, A.; Charreire, H.; Chaix, B. | International Journal of Obesity | 2014 | Journal Article | OBJECTIVE: To compare the associations between food environment at the individual level, socioeconomic status (SES) and obesity rates in two cities: Seattle and Paris. METHODS: Analyses of the SOS (Seattle Obesity Study) were based on a representative sample of 1340 adults in metropolitan Seattle and King County. The RECORD (Residential Environment and Coronary Heart Disease) cohort analyses were based on 7131 adults in central Paris and suburbs. Data on sociodemographics, health and weight were obtained from a telephone survey (SOS) and from in-person interviews (RECORD). Both studies collected data on and geocoded home addresses and food shopping locations. Both studies calculated GIS (Geographic Information System) network distances between home and the supermarket that study respondents listed as their primary food source. Supermarkets were further stratified into three categories by price. Modified Poisson regression models were used to test the associations among food environment variables, SES and obesity. RESULTS: Physical distance to supermarkets was unrelated to obesity risk. By contrast, lower education and incomes, lower surrounding property values and shopping at lower-cost stores were consistently associated with higher obesity risk. CONCLUSION: Lower SES was linked to higher obesity risk in both Paris and Seattle, despite differences in urban form, the food environments and in the respective systems of health care. Cross-country comparisons can provide new insights into the social determinants of weight and health. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=94355120&site=ehost-live | ||
| Health Implications of Adults' Eating at and Living near Fast Food or Quick Service Restaurants | Jiao, J.; Moudon, A. V.; Kim, S. Y.; Hurvitz, P. M.; Drewnowski, A. | NUTRITION & DIABETES | 2015 | Journal Article | BACKGROUND: This paper examined whether the reported health impacts of frequent eating at a fast food or quick service restaurant on health were related to having such a restaurant near home. METHODS: Logistic regressions estimated associations between frequent fast food or quick service restaurant use and health status, being overweight or obese, having a cardiovascular disease or diabetes, as binary health outcomes. In all, 2001 participants in the 2008-2009 Seattle Obesity Study survey were included in the analyses. RESULTS: Results showed eating >= 2 times a week at a fast food or quick service restaurant was associated with perceived poor health status, overweight and obese. However, living close to such restaurants was not related to negative health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Frequent eating at a fast food or quick service restaurant was associated with perceived poor health status and higher body mass index, but living close to such facilities was not. | BODY-MASS INDEX; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; BUILT ENVIRONMENT; OBESITY; ASSOCIATION; CONSUMPTION; WEIGHT; PROXIMITY; OUTLETS; ESTABLISHMENTS | ||
| Does the built environment have independent obesogenic power? Urban form and trajectories of weight gain | Buszkiewicz, James H.; Bobb, Jennifer F.; Hurvitz, Philip M.; Arterburn, David; Moudon, Anne Vernez; Cook, Andrea; Mooney, Stephen J.; Cruz, Maricela; Gupta, Shilpi; Lozano, Paula; Rosenberg, Dori E.; Theis, Mary Kay; Anau, Jane; Drewnowski, Adam | International Journal of Obesity | 2021 | Journal Article | Objective To determine whether selected features of the built environment can predict weight gain in a large longitudinal cohort of adults. Methods Weight trajectories over a 5-year period were obtained from electronic health records for 115,260 insured patients aged 18-64 years in the Kaiser Permanente Washington health care system. Home addresses were geocoded using ArcGIS. Built environment variables were population, residential unit, and road intersection densities captured using Euclidean-based SmartMaps at 800-m buffers. Counts of area supermarkets and fast food restaurants were obtained using network-based SmartMaps at 1600, and 5000-m buffers. Property values were a measure of socioeconomic status. Linear mixed effects models tested whether built environment variables at baseline were associated with long-term weight gain, adjusting for sex, age, race/ethnicity, Medicaid insurance, body weight, and residential property values. Results Built environment variables at baseline were associated with differences in baseline obesity prevalence and body mass index but had limited impact on weight trajectories. Mean weight gain for the full cohort was 0.06 kg at 1 year (95% CI: 0.03, 0.10); 0.64 kg at 3 years (95% CI: 0.59, 0.68), and 0.95 kg at 5 years (95% CI: 0.90, 1.00). In adjusted regression models, the top tertile of density metrics and frequency counts were associated with lower weight gain at 5-years follow-up compared to the bottom tertiles, though the mean differences in weight change for each follow-up year (1, 3, and 5) did not exceed 0.5 kg. Conclusions Built environment variables that were associated with higher obesity prevalence at baseline had limited independent obesogenic power with respect to weight gain over time. Residential unit density had the strongest negative association with weight gain. Future work on the influence of built environment variables on health should also examine social context, including residential segregation and residential mobility. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/does-built-environment-have-independent/docview/2563365143/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Differential associations of the built environment on weight gain by sex and race/ethnicity but not age | Buszkiewicz, James H.; Bobb, Jennifer F.; Kapos, Flavia; Hurvitz, Philip M.; Arterburn, David; Moudon, Anne Vernez; Cook, Andrea; Mooney, Stephen J.; Cruz, Maricela; Gupta, Shilpi; Lozano, Paula; Rosenberg, Dori E.; Theis, Mary Kay; Anau, Jane; Drewnowski, Adam | International Journal of Obesity | 2021 | Journal Article | Objective To explore the built environment (BE) and weight change relationship by age, sex, and racial/ethnic subgroups in adults. Methods Weight trajectories were estimated using electronic health records for 115,260 insured Kaiser Permanente Washington members age 18-64 years. Member home addresses were geocoded using ArcGIS. Population, residential, and road intersection densities and counts of area supermarkets and fast food restaurants were measured with SmartMaps (800 and 5000-meter buffers) and categorized into tertiles. Linear mixed-effect models tested whether associations between BE features and weight gain at 1, 3, and 5 years differed by age, sex, and race/ethnicity, adjusting for demographics, baseline weight, and residential property values. Results Denser urban form and greater availability of supermarkets and fast food restaurants were associated with differential weight change across sex and race/ethnicity. At 5 years, the mean difference in weight change comparing the 3rd versus 1st tertile of residential density was significantly different between males (-0.49 kg, 95% CI: -0.68, -0.30) and females (-0.17 kg, 95% CI: -0.33, -0.01) (P-value for interaction = 0.011). Across race/ethnicity, the mean difference in weight change at 5 years for residential density was significantly different among non-Hispanic (NH) Whites (-0.47 kg, 95% CI: -0.61, -0.32), NH Blacks (-0.86 kg, 95% CI: -1.37, -0.36), Hispanics (0.10 kg, 95% CI: -0.46, 0.65), and NH Asians (0.44 kg, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.78) (P-value for interaction <0.001). These findings were consistent for other BE measures. Conclusion The relationship between the built environment and weight change differs across demographic groups. Careful consideration of demographic differences in associations of BE and weight trajectories is warranted for investigating etiological mechanisms and guiding intervention development. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/differential-associations-built-environment-on/docview/2600109849/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| A global horizon scan of the future impacts of robotics and autonomous systems on urban ecosystems | Goddard, Mark A.; Davies, Zoe G.; Guenat, Solene; Ferguson, Mark J.; Fisher, Jessica C.; Akanni, Adeniran; Ahjokoski, Teija; Anderson, Pippin M. L.; Angeoletto, Fabio; Antoniou, Constantinos; Bates, Adam J.; Barkwith, Andrew; Berland, Adam; Bouch, Christopher J.; Rega-Brodsky, Christine C.; Byrne, Loren B.; Cameron, David; Canavan, Rory; Chapman, Tim; Connop, Stuart; Crossland, Steve; Dade, Marie C.; Dawson, David A.; Dobbs, Cynnamon; Downs, Colleen T.; Ellis, Erle C.; Escobedo, Francisco J.; Gobster, Paul; Gulsrud, Natalie Marie; Guneralp, Burak; Hahs, Amy K.; Hale, James D.; Hassall, Christopher; Hedblom, Marcus; Hochuli, Dieter F.; Inkinen, Tommi; Ioja, Ioan-Cristian; Kendal, Dave; Knowland, Tom; Kowarik, Ingo; Langdale, Simon J.; Lerman, Susannah B.; MacGregor-Fors, Ian; Manning, Peter; Massini, Peter; McLean, Stacey; Mkwambisi, David D.; Ossola, Alessandro; Luque, Gabriel Perez; Perez-Urrestarazu, Luis; Perini, Katia; Perry, Gad; Pett, Tristan J.; Plummer, Kate E.; Radji, Raoufou A.; Roll, Uri; Potts, Simon G.; Rumble, Heather; Sadler, Jon P.; de Saille, Stevienna; Sautter, Sebastian; Scott, Catherine E.; Shwartz, Assaf; Smith, Tracy; Snep, Robbert P. H.; Soulsbury, Carl D.; Stanley, Margaret C.; Van de Voorde, Tim; Venn, Stephen J.; Warren, Philip H.; Washbourne, Carla-Leanne; Whitling, Mark; Williams, Nicholas S. G.; Yang, Jun; Yeshitela, Kumelachew; Yocom, Ken P.; Dallimer, Martin | Nature Ecology & Evolution | 2021 | Journal Article | The future challenges and potential opportunities of robotics and autonomous systems in urban ecosystems, and how they may impact biodiversity, are explored and prioritized via a global horizon scan of 170 experts. Technology is transforming societies worldwide. A major innovation is the emergence of robotics and autonomous systems (RAS), which have the potential to revolutionize cities for both people and nature. Nonetheless, the opportunities and challenges associated with RAS for urban ecosystems have yet to be considered systematically. Here, we report the findings of an online horizon scan involving 170 expert participants from 35 countries. We conclude that RAS are likely to transform land use, transport systems and human-nature interactions. The prioritized opportunities were primarily centred on the deployment of RAS for the monitoring and management of biodiversity and ecosystems. Fewer challenges were prioritized. Those that were emphasized concerns surrounding waste from unrecovered RAS, and the quality and interpretation of RAS-collected data. Although the future impacts of RAS for urban ecosystems are difficult to predict, examining potentially important developments early is essential if we are to avoid detrimental consequences but fully realize the benefits. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/global-horizon-scan-future-impacts-robotics/docview/2485325251/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Thermal conductance between water and nm-thick WS2: extremely localized probing using nanosecond energy transport state-resolved Raman | Zobeiri, Hamidreza; Hunter, Nicholas; Wang, Ridong; Liu, Xinman; Tan, Hong; Xu, Shen; Wang, Xinwei | NANOSCALE ADVANCES | 2020 | Journal Article | Liquid-solid interface energy transport has been a long-term research topic. Past research mostly focused on theoretical studies while there are only a handful of experimental reports because of the extreme challenges faced in measuring such interfaces. Here, by constructing nanosecond energy transport state-resolved Raman spectroscopy (nET-Raman), we characterize thermal conductance across a liquid-solid interface: water-WS2 nm film. In the studied system, one side of a nm-thick WS2 film is in contact with water and the other side is isolated. WS2 samples are irradiated with 532 nm wavelength lasers and their temperature evolution is monitored by tracking the Raman shift variation in the E-2g mode at several laser powers. Steady and transient heating states are created using continuous wave and nanosecond pulsed lasers, respectively. We find that the thermal conductance between water and WS2 is in the range of 2.5-11.8 MW m(-2) K-1 for three measured samples (22, 33, and 88 nm thick). This is in agreement with molecular dynamics simulation results and previous experimental work. The slight differences are attributed mostly to the solid-liquid interaction at the boundary and the surface energies of different solid materials. Our detailed analysis confirms that nET-Raman is very robust in characterizing such interface thermal conductance. It completely eliminates the need for laser power absorption and Raman temperature coefficients, and is insensitive to the large uncertainties in 2D material properties input. | HOT-CARRIER DIFFUSION; SOLID-LIQUID INTERFACES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; HYDROPHILIC NATURE; TEMPERATURE; CONDUCTIVITY; RESISTANCE; MOS2; GOLD; SCATTERING | ||
| The economic value of walkable neighborhoods | Sohn, Dong Wook; Moudon, Anne Vernez; Lee, Jeasun | URBAN DESIGN INTERNATIONAL | 2012 | Journal Article | This study investigated how the benefits of a walkable neighborhood were reflected in the American real estate market by examining the economic values of urban environmental factors supporting walking activities. Property values were used as a proxy measure for economic value and analyzed in relation to land use characteristics that have been known to correlate with walking at the neighborhood scale. Four aspects of the built environment supporting walking were included in the analyses: development density, land use mix, public open space and pedestrian infrastructure. Hedonic models were employed where the property value was regressed on the measures of the four sets of correlates of walking in a neighborhood. Models were estimated for four land use types - single-family residential, rental multi-family residential, commercial and office. The findings did not support previous arguments that increasing density weakens the quality of a neighborhood. To the contrary, the positive association of higher development density with the value of single-family residential properties detected in King County suggested that high development density might increase surrounding property values. The pedestrian infrastructure and land use mix significantly contributed to increases in rental multi-family residential property values. Higher development density with higher street and sidewalk coverage were also favored by retail service uses. In relation to land use mix, mixing retail service uses and rental multi-family residential uses helped make rental housings more attractive. URBAN DESIGN International (2012) 17, 115-128. doi:10.1057/udi.2012.1; published online 4 April 2012 | LAND-USE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; TRAVEL BEHAVIOR; SMART GROWTH; MODE CHOICE; URBAN FORM; WALKING; GIS; TRANSPORTATION; ACCESSIBILITY | walking; mixed land use; neighborhood; urban design | |
| Is construction labor productivity really declining? | Rojas, EM; Aramvareekul, P | JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT | 2003 | Journal Article | Macroeconomics data suggest that labor productivity declined significantly in the construction industry during the 1979-1998 period. However, microeconomic studies indicate the contrary. This paper critically examines the construction labor productivity macroeconomic data in the United States from 1979 to 1998 to determine their validity and reliability. Data collection, distribution, manipulation, analysis, and interpretation are reviewed and problems are identified. The paper also presents a comparison of construction and manufacturing labor productivity during this period. The main conclusion of the study is that the raw data used to calculate construction productivity values at the macroeconomic level and their further manipulation and interpretation present so many problems that the results should be deemed unreliable. The uncertainty generated in the process of computing these values is such that it cannot be determined if labor productivity has actually increased, decreased, or remained constant in the construction industry for the 1979-1998 period. | INDUSTRY PRODUCTIVITY | construction management; productivity | |
| Alternate financing strategies for build-operate-transfer projects | Schaufelberger, JE; Wipadapisut, I | JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE | 2003 | Journal Article | This paper contains a study of build-operate-transfer (BOT) project financing strategies from the perspective of project sponsors. The financing strategy for a BOT project includes the selection of the appropriate mix of equity and debt financing, and the identification of appropriate financing sources. Project sponsors typically wish to minimize their financing costs to ensure their tenders are competitive. Thirteen transportation and power-generation BOT projects in North America and Asia were analyzed. Important considerations and financing strategies were identified and examined. The findings suggest that project risks, project conditions, and availability of financing are the major considerations in selecting a financing strategy. The project risks that were determined to be most significant in financing strategy selection were political, financial, and market risks. Based on the study findings, a decision model was developed that can be used by BOT project sponsors in selecting appropriate financing strategies. | BOT TENDER | financial management; build/operate/tranfer; project management; infrastructure | |
| General-purpose situational simulation environment for construction education | Rojas, EM; Mukherjee, A | JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT | 2005 | Journal Article | The traditional construction education model based on precise well-defined problems and formal definitions is not satisfactorily fulfilling its mission of educating the decision makers of tomorrow. This realization has moved several researchers to explore alternatives where problem solving is carried out in conjunction with the environment, and concepts are embedded in the context promoting learning within the nexus of the activity. Several efforts have been undertaken to develop these environments resulting in a variety of special-purpose situational simulations. However, special-purpose situational simulations exhibit inherent limitations related to their application breadth, flexibility, and promotion of collaborations. These limitations cannot be resolved within the framework of special-purpose learning environments. A general-purpose environment is required to overcome these shortcomings and take full advantage of the situational learning paradigm. This paper describes the conceptual framework and pilot implementation of such an environment called the Virtual Coach. | |||
| Successful delivery of public-private partnerships for infrastructure development | Aziz, Ahmed M. Abdel | JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT | 2007 | Journal Article | Two common approaches have been used by governments for the implementation of public-private partnerships (PPPs): a finance-based approach that aims to use private financing to satisfy infrastructure needs, and a service-based approach that aims to optimize the time and cost efficiencies in service delivery. The implementation of PPPs, however, may suffer from legal, political, and cultural impediments. In the United States, the federal government enabled a number of acts to ease the impediments and promote PPPs for infrastructure development. Based on a detailed analysis of PPPs in the United Kingdom and British Columbia, Canada, this paper describes principles that would characterize the implementation of PPPs at the program level (e.g., whether the implementation is successful). The principles pertain to the: availability of a PPP legal framework and implementation units; perception of the private finance objectives, risk allocation consequences, and value-for-money objectives; maintenance of PPPs process transparency; standardization of procedures; and use of performance specifications. Guidelines for successful implementation are explained and discussed in the context of the United States PPPs experience and impediments. | PROCUREMENT | ||
| Single versus multiple prime contracting | Rojas, Eddy M. | JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT | 2008 | Journal Article | Policies regarding public building construction affect the interests of taxpayers, construction authorities, general contractors, specialty contractors, and other stakeholders. At the state level, the debate as to the optimal form such policies should take has become an ongoing struggle among competing interests. This study presents a systematic analysis of the main issues regarding single versus multiple prime contracting with the purpose of providing objective data to illuminate the debate. A statistical analysis of project bids and final costs from a national sample of state construction projects reveals that public construction projects organized with multiple prime contracts tend to have 5% less direct costs than projects using a single prime contractor. Moreover, approximately 80% of these savings are attributable to lower bid costs for multiple prime projects. The results of this study are in agreement with theoretical bidding models and efficient risk allocation models. Theoretical bidding models suggest that, in the absence of disruptions, multiple prime projects should have lower direct costs than single prime jobs. Efficient cost allocation models suggest that when specialty contractors do not bear the risks associated with the single prime contracting method (e.g., bid shopping and payment delays) they are willing to lower their bids, and forego the premium they would normally charge in response to such risks, as seems to be the case in multiple prime jobs. | |||
| Implementing web-based project management systems in the United States and Japan | Dossick, Carrie Sturts; Sakagami, Makoto | JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE | 2008 | Journal Article | This paper reports on results of research conducted at the University of Washington to investigate the means and methods for overcoming barriers to the implementation of Web-based project management systems (WPMS), and to develop a set of best practices in both the United States and Japanese construction industries. The United States and Japanese economies are high-tech intensive and both cultures have embraced technology. However, a relatively small sector of the construction industry in each country has implemented WPMS. The question posed here is why have these drivers not resulted in the industry's adoption of this new technology, and further, perhaps there are lessons learned from those who have successfully implemented WPMS. This research seeks to broaden our understanding of implementation barriers that are limiting the use of WPMS tools as well as means and methods of overcoming those barriers based on successful implementation in both countries. | CONSTRUCTION; VIEWPOINT; PARADIGM; SITES | ||
| Comparative analysis of project delivery systems cost performance in pacific northwest public schools | Rojas, Eddy M.; Kell, Ian | JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT | 2008 | Journal Article | Alternative project delivery systems such as construction management at risk (CMR) are increasingly used in public school construction in the United States. CMR is expected to benefit owners with a guaranteed maximum price (GMP), decreased change order cost, and increased cost '' certainty.'' This paper empirically compares cost growth performance of the CMR and design-bid-build (DBB) methods in Pacific Northwest public school projects. Data were collected from state records and previous studies on 297 completed schools in Oregon and Washington. The analysis of the data shows no statistically significant difference between CMR and DBB in construction change order costs, school project costs exceeding the GMP in 75% of the cases, and a statistically significant difference in cost growth between CMR and DBB projects during buy out, making CMR projects less efficient at controlling cost growth at buy out. These results counter some of the traditional expectations of the CMR delivery method. | CONSTRUCTION | ||
| Virtual teams: Guide to successful implementation | Chinowsky, PS; Rojas, EM | JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING | 2003 | Journal Article | The successful initiation and execution of a virtual team is gaining increasing attention in the design and construction community. From opportunities to integrate international and multidisciplinary teams to the opportunity to leverage the best resources in an organization on a given project, virtual teams can transform the concept of project planning and execution. However, potential barriers exist in several areas to the successful implementation of virtual teams. The needs of increased management emphasis, social and cultural understanding, and emphasis on common goals are only a few of the nontechnical factors that can turn successful virtual teaming into virtual frustration. When combined with traditional technical challenges including compatibility of systems, security, and the selection of appropriate technologies, the line between leveraging virtual technologies for enhanced solutions and introducing additional complications into the project process is one that can be easily crossed. This paper presents the findings of research that addresses the opportunities and potential barriers to successful virtual teams in the engineering, procurement, and construction industry. Combining results from current research, industry practices, and early results from nonconstruction industries, the research findings provide an initial path to successful virtual team implementation. | DISTANCE MATTERS; WEB | project management; resource management; international factors; construction industry | |
| Modeling the construction management process to support situational simulations | Rojas, EM; Mukherjee, A | JOURNAL OF COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING | 2003 | Journal Article | Construction managers are decision makers who administer nontrivial processes. The replacement of highly experienced construction managers and other construction professionals is a laborious process for the industry. This paper introduces a conceptual framework for the construction management practice that serves as the foundation for the development of situational simulations. Situational simulations are temporally dynamic clinical exercises with the objective of exposing participants to rapidly unfolding events and the pressure of decision making. The application of situational simulations provides construction managers and other decision makers the opportunity of experiencing and responding to risky events without endangering the success of real projects, further enhancing their decision-making skills. The construction management conceptual framework includes a process, a product, and an information model. The analysis of a basic mathematical representation of the process model is the focus of this paper. | construction management; models; simulation; decision making | ||
| Interval temporal logic in general-purpose situational simulations | Rojas, EM; Mukherjee, A | JOURNAL OF COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING | 2005 | Journal Article | The need for contextually rich educational environments in construction engineering and management calls for the development of situational simulations. Situational simulations emulate real processes and provide temporally dynamic clinical exercises that expose participants to rapidly unfolding events and the pressures of decision making. A survey of simulations of construction management processes and construction operations shows that commonly used discrete event simulation paradigms are unsuitable for representing actions and events in interactive general purpose situational simulations for the construction domain. Instead, this paper argues that a definition of the situational environment using the semantics of constraint satisfaction and an interval representation of time is more appropriate for representing activities, events, actions, and situations relevant to the construction domain. This paper also illustrates how this new paradigm facilitates the implementation of a reasoning mechanism that can be used by a software agent to perceive present actions and predict the future evolution of a simulated environment. | |||
| Incorporating domain knowledge and information retrieval techniques to develop an architectural/engineering/construction online product search engine | Lin, Ken-Yu; Soibelman, Lucio | Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering | 2009 | Journal Article | This paper introduces a domain-specific search engine, which was developed to take advantage of the growing online product information for surveying the virtual product market. Knowledge about a product was uniquely incorporated with query expansion operations and the extended Boolean model retrieval approach to handle issues associated with the search engine development. The search engine was designed to (1) represent and utilize the represented knowledge in the product domain; (2) identify online product information; and (3) then evaluate the collected online product information. A prototype search engine for testing was developed and statistically validated with five data sets with each data set being derived from a different type of product according to MasterFormat (Alexandria, Va.) categorization. The validation results indicated that compared with the tested general search engine or aggregated information service, the prototype was able to identify more distinct product manufacturers for procurement-related decision support. | |||
| Bayesian statistical framework to construct probabilistic models for the elastic modulus of concrete | Gardoni, Paolo; Nemati, Kamran M.; Noguchi, Takafumi | JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING | 2007 | Journal Article | The commonly used Pauw's formula to predict elastic modulus of concrete is very general and does not address the complexity of modem concretes, such as high-strength concrete, use of different types of aggregates and admixtures, etc. This paper develops a statistical framework to construct probabilistic models for the elastic modulus of concrete and evaluates the influence of different aggregate types, based on a large number of experimental data. The proposed framework to construct probabilistic models expands upon Pauw's formula and properly accounts for both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. Bayesian updating is used to assess the unknown model parameters based on experimental data. A Bayesian stepwise deletion process is used to identify important explanatory functions and construct parsimonious models. As an application, the approach is used to develop a probabilistic model for concretes made using crushed limestone and crushed quartz schist coarse aggregates. | |||
| Developing a state-of-the-art facility to support construction research and education: A case study | Rojas, Eddy M.; Dossick, Carrie Sturts | Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice | 2008 | Journal Article | The University of Washington's Department of Construction Management is in the process of developing interdisciplinary research and experiential education in construction engineering and management (CEM) with the creation of the 28,000 ft(2) Pacific Northwest Center for construction research and education (PNCCRE). In doing so, the department has identified challenges, limitations, and issues centered on bringing industry experience into the classroom and bringing researchers together from diverse disciplines from across the university. The University of Washington envisions the PNCCRE as a place where learners will experience CEM theory and skills firsthand in an interdisciplinary research environment that will foster innovation. This paper focuses on how the Department of Construction Management at the University of Washington is reenvisioning its research and education activities to take advantage of the new PNCCRE facility. In the education front, this paper introduces the experience learning model, a new paradigm to support active contextual learning in CEM. In the research context, this paper presents the interdisciplinary research model, a new approach to encourage collaborations, as well as appropriate organizational systems and work processes to support researchers and educators with diverse backgrounds, as they work together on mutually intersecting problems. The writers do not see these two models as separate endeavors, but as a coupled program, such that research informs the educational setting, and educational experiences inform research. The writers envision the PNCCRE fulfilling the needs of educators and students, researchers and practitioners, as well as the greater communities of industry and academia, by bringing together interdisciplinary teams to tackle the complex problems we face in CEM-a center where experience fosters curiosity, interdisciplinary collaboration broadens experience, and synergy creates a whirlwind of innovation and education. | |||
| Generalized Economic Modeling for Infrastructure and Capital Investment Projects | Aziz, Ahmed M. Abdel; Russell, Alan D. | JOURNAL OF INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS | 2006 | Journal Article | Economic modeling and risk analysis are important processes for the appraisal of infrastructure and revenue-generating projects such as build-operate-transfer (BOT) projects. These processes have been commonly implemented using spreadsheets in which the analyst would build several models to analyze a project under varying conditions and risk assumptions. For better efficiencies in building economic structures and evaluation of projects, the current paper defines classifications of estimating and cash flow methods, and develops a generalized model. A classification represents a particular domain-construction, revenues, financing, operation and maintenance, or risk analysis, for example-and holds the estimating methods of that domain. The basic building block behind the model structure is a work package/stream that would have its own properties and estimating methods by direct selection from the relevant classification. By integrating the building blocks together a project economic structure is built and various performance measures are formulated. The model was implemented in a prototype software system called Evaluator. A BOT highway project is used to show an application of the concepts and the generalized model. | Economic factors; Build/Operate/Transfer; Project management; Risk management; Probabilistic models | ||
| Using Workforce's Physiological Strain Monitoring to Enhance Social Sustainability of Construction | Gatti, U.(1); Migliaccio, G.(1); Bogus, S.M.(2); Priyadarshini, S.(1); Scharrer, A.(3) | Journal of Architectural Engineering | 2013 | Journal Article | Sustainability is often described in terms of the triple bottom line, which refers to its environmental, economic, and social dimensions. However, the economic and environmental impacts of decisions have been easier to determine than have been the social impacts. One area of social sustainability that is particularly applicable to construction projects is that of construction workforce safety and well-being. This is a critical part of sustainability, and a socially sustainable construction industry needs to consider the safety and well-being of construction workers. However, construction activities are generally physically demanding and performed in harsh environments. Monitoring workers' physical strain may be an important step toward enhancing the social sustainability of construction. Recently introduced physiological status monitors (PSMs) have overcome the past limitations, allowing physical strain to be monitored without hindering workers' activities. Three commercially available PSMs have been selected and tested to assess their reliability in monitoring a construction workforce during dynamic activities. The results show that two of the PSMs are suitable candidates for monitoring the physiological conditions of construction workers. A survey was also conducted among industry practitioners to gain insight into industry needs and challenges for physical strain monitoring. | construction industry - environmental factors - labour resources - occupational safety - socio-economic effects - sustainable development | workforce physiological strain monitoring - social sustainability - socioeconomic impacts - environmental impacts - social impacts - construction projects - construction workforce safety - physical strain | |
| Residential Building Lifespan and Community Turnover | Ianchenko, Alex; Simonen, Kathrina; Barnes, Clayton | JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING | 2020 | Journal Article | Environmental impact studies within the built environment rely on predicting building lifespan to describe the period of occupation and operation. Most life cycle assessments (LCAs) are based on arbitrary lifespan values, omitting the uncertainties of assessing service life. This research models the lifespan of American residential housing stock as a probabilistic survival distribution based on available data from the American Housing Survey (AHS). The log-normal, gamma, and Weibull distributions were fit to demolition data from 1985 to 2009 and these three models were compared with one another using the Bayesian information criterion. Analysis revealed that the estimated average housing lifespan in the United States is 130 years given model assumptions, although a probabilistic approach to lifespan can yield higher accuracy on a case-by-case basis. Parameters for modeling housing lifespan as log-normal, gamma, and Weibull survival functions are published with the intent of further application in LCA. The application of probabilistic housing lifespan models to community-wide turnover and integration with existing simulations of natural disaster are proposed as potential ways to achieve community sustainability and resilience goals. (c) 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers. | ENERGY-CONSUMPTION; SERVICE LIFE; CYCLE; DEMOLITION; EMISSIONS; DESIGN; IMPACT; MODEL | Housing stock lifetime; Residential buildings; Housing turnover; Life cycle assessment; Service life prediction | |
| Research Validation: Challenges and Opportunities in the Construction Domain | Lucko, Gunnar; Rojas, Eddy M. | JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT | 2010 | Journal Article | Validation of the research methodology and its results is a fundamental element of the process of scholarly endeavor. Approaches used for construction engineering and management research have included experiments, surveys and observational studies, modeling and simulation, theory building, case studies, and various subtypes thereof. Some studies use more than one approach. A particular contribution of this paper is that it reviews different types of validation using examples of studies, analyzes the specific challenges that were found to be significant, and presents how they were successfully overcome in each case. Another contribution is that it describes new opportunities for research validation that are emerging at the horizon as well as ongoing collaborative efforts to enhance the access of construction researchers to validation tools. This paper increases the awareness of the paramount role that validation techniques play in scholarly work by providing readers with recommendations to properly validate their own research efforts. | LABOR PRODUCTIVITY; REGRESSION-MODELS; DELIVERY-SYSTEMS; PERFORMANCE; COST; METHODOLOGY; MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK | Control methods; Delphi method; Methodology; Models; Research needs; Sampling design; Statistical analysis; Surveys; Validation; Verification | |
| Organizational Divisions in BIM-Enabled Commercial Construction | Dossick, Carrie S.; Neff, Gina | JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE | 2010 | Journal Article | Proponents claim that the adoption of building information modeling (BIM) will lead to greater efficiencies through increased collaboration. In this paper, we present research that examines the use of BIM technologies for mechanical, electrical, plumbing, and fire life safety systems (often referred to as MEP) coordination and how the introduction of BIM influences collaboration and communication. Using data from over 12 months of ethnographic observations of the MEP coordination process for two commercial construction projects and interviews with 65 industry leaders across the United States, we find that BIM-enabled projects are often tightly coupled technologically, but divided organizationally. This means that while BIM makes visible the connections among project members, it is not fostering closer collaboration across different companies. We outline the competing obligations to scope, project, and company as one cause for this division. Obligations to an individual scope of work or to a particular company can conflict with project goals. Individual leadership, especially that of the MEP coordinator in the teams we studied, often substitutes for stronger project cohesion and organization. Organizational forces and structures must be accounted for in order for BIM to be implemented successfully. | TECHNOLOGY; IMPLEMENTATION; VIEWPOINT | Integrated systems; Construction industry; Leadership; Information systems; Information technology; Communication; Constructability; Mechanical systems; Electrical systems | |
| Optimization Research: Enhancing the Robustness of Large-Scale Multiobjective Optimization in Construction | Kandil, Amr; El-Rayes, Khaled; El-Anwar, Omar | JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT | 2010 | Journal Article | Many construction planning problems require optimizing multiple and conflicting project objectives such as minimizing construction time and cost while maximizing safety, quality, and sustainability. To enable the optimization of these construction problems, a number of research studies focused on developing multiobjective optimization algorithms (MOAs). The robustness of these algorithms needs further research to ensure an efficient and effective optimization of large-scale real-life construction problems. This paper presents a review of current research efforts in the field of construction multiobjective optimization and two case studies that illustrate methods for enhancing the robustness of MOAs. The first case study utilizes a multiobjective genetic algorithm (MOGA) and an analytical optimization algorithm to optimize the planning of postdisaster temporary housing projects. The second case study utilizes a MOGA and parallel computing to optimize the planning of construction resource utilization in large-scale infrastructure projects. The paper also presents practical recommendations based on the main findings of the analyzed case studies to enhance the robustness of multiobjective optimization in construction engineering and management. | OPTIMIZING RESOURCE UTILIZATION; TRADE-OFF; HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION; GENETIC ALGORITHMS; COST; MODEL; NETWORK; DESIGN; COLONY | Optimization models; Parallel processing; Resource management; Housing; Multiple objective analysis; Linear analysis; Algorithms | |
| Maximizing the Sustainability of Integrated Housing Recovery Efforts | El-Anwar, Omar; El-Rayes, Khaled; Elnashai, Amr S. | JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT | 2010 | Journal Article | The large-scale and catastrophic impacts of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005 challenged the efficacy of traditional postdisaster temporary housing methods. To address these challenges, the U.S. Congress appropriated $400 million to the Department of Homeland Security to support alternative housing pilot programs, which encourage innovative housing solutions that will facilitate sustainable and permanent affordable housing in addition to serving as temporary housing. Facilitating and maximizing the sustainability of postdisaster alternative housing is an important objective that has significant social, economic, and environmental impacts. This paper presents the development of a novel optimization model that is capable of (1) evaluating the sustainability of integrated housing recovery efforts under the alternative housing pilot program and (2) identifying the housing projects that maximize sustainability. An application example is analyzed to demonstrate the use of the developed model and its unique capabilities in maximizing the sustainability of integrated housing recovery efforts after natural disasters. | NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE; UNITED-STATES; DISASTERS | Optimization; Postdisaster alternative housing; Sustainability; Housing Recovery | |
| Continuous Quality Improvement Techniques for Data Collection in Asset Management Systems | Migliaccio, G. C.; Bogus, Susan M.; Cordova-Alvidrez, A. A. | Journal of Construction Engineering and Management | 2014 | Journal Article | Transportation infrastructure assets are among the largest investments made by governmental agencies. These agencies use data on asset conditions to make decisions regarding the timing of maintenance activities, the type of treatment, and the resources to employ. To collect and record these data, agencies often utilize trained evaluators who assess the asset either on site or by analyzing photos and/or videos. These visual assessments are widely used to evaluate conditions of various assets, including pavement surface distresses. This paper describes a Data Quality Assessment & Improvement Framework (DQAIF) to measure and improve the performance of multiple evaluators of pavement distresses by controlling for subjective judgment by the individual evaluators. The DQAIF is based on a continuous quality improvement cyclic process that is based on the following main components: (1)assessment of the consistency over timeperformed using linear regression analysis; (2)assessment of the agreement between evaluatorsperformed using inter-rater agreement analysis; and (3)implementation of management practices to improve the results shown by the assessments. A large and comprehensive case study was employed to describe, refine, and validate the framework. When the DQAIF is applied to pavement distress data collected on site by different evaluators, the results show that it is an effective method for quickly identifying and solving data collection issues. The benefit of this framework is that the analyses employed produce performance measures during the data collection process, thus minimizing the risk of subjectivity and suggesting timely corrective actions. The DQAIF can be used as part of an asset management program, or in any engineering program in which the data collected are subjected to the judgment of the individuals performing the evaluation. The process could also be adapted for assessing performance of automated distress data acquisition systems. | |||
| Computing a Displacement Distance Equivalent to Optimize Plans for Postdisaster Temporary Housing Projects | El-Anwar, Omar; Chen, Lei | Journal of Construction Engineering and Management | 2013 | Journal Article | Residence in temporary housing is a critical period for the social, economic, and psychological recovery of displaced families following disasters. Temporary housing locations define the displacement distance between families and their essential needs. The objective of this paper is to develop a novel methodology to capture the specific proximity needs and preferences of displaced families. This paper proposes a displacement distance equivalent as an objective metric to evaluate the performance of temporary housing locations in meeting the needs of displaced families. Moreover, the paper describes the development of an integer programming optimization model capable of optimizing temporary housing assignments to minimize total displacement distance equivalent while meeting budget constraints. The main contribution of this paper to the body of knowledge is in transforming the purpose of temporary housing programs from offering general accommodation to providing customized housing solutions tailored to the individual proximity needs of each household using the proposed displacement metric. In addition, the proposed optimization model enables decision makers to set budget constraints to ensure the economic feasibility of identified temporary housing solutions. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO. 1943-7862.0000601. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. | |||
| Quantifying the Impact of Facilitation on Transactive Memory System Formation in Global Virtual Project Networks | Comu, Semra; Iorio, Josh; Taylor, John E.; Dossick, Carrie Sturts | Journal of Construction Engineering & Management | 2013 | Journal Article | Building strong ties between geographically dispersed project participants is crucial to project success. In global project networks, many firms have adopted virtual collaboration tools to address the challenges imposed by temporal and geographical distance. Some researchers have examined the role of facilitators and found that process facilitation can improve collaboration. Research has also shown that facilitators can be drawn into content interactions, which may negatively impact collaboration effectiveness in virtual workspaces. Research to date has not quantified this negative impact. In this study, the formation and maintenance of transactive memory systems (TMS) in two facilitated and two nonfacilitated global virtual project networks were investigated, each executing a 2-month project. Using TMS formation and cohesive subgroup formation as a proxy for performance, quantitative evidence was found that demonstrates a negative impact on collaboration effectiveness when facilitators engage in content facilitation in virtual project networks. This paper shows that this negative impact restricts the establishment of TMSs. These findings have important implications for understanding and designing appropriate facilitator interactions in global virtual project networks. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000610. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. | |||
| Empirical Assessment of Spatial Prediction Methods for Location Cost-adjustment Factors | Migliaccio, Giovanni C.; Guindani, Michele; D'Incognito, Maria; Zhang, Linlin | Journal of Construction Engineering & Management | 2013 | Journal Article | In the feasibility stage of a project, location cost-adjustment factors (LCAFs) are commonly used to perform quick order-of-magnitude estimates. Nowadays, numerous LCAF data sets are available in North America, but they do not include all locations. Hence, LCAFs for unsampled locations need to be inferred through spatial interpolation or prediction methods. Using a commonly used set of LCAFs, this paper aims to test the accuracy of various spatial prediction methods and spatial interpolation methods in estimating LCAF values for unsampled locations. Between the two regression-based prediction models selected for the study, geographically weighted regression analysis (GWR) resulted the most appropriate way to model the city cost index as a function of multiple covariates. As a direct consequence of its spatial nonstationarity, the influence of each single covariate differed from state to state. In addition, this paper includes a first attempt to determine if the observed variability in cost index values could be at least partially explained by independent socioeconomic variables. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. | |||
| Integrated Urban-Construction Planning Framework for Slum Upgrading Projects | El-Anwar, Omar; Aziz, Tamer Abdel | Journal of Construction Engineering and Management | 2014 | Journal Article | Slums are areas of population concentrations developed in the absence of physical planning and lack access to life essentials. Slums represent major national challenges in countries where they exist, especially developing countries. Various intervention strategies can be adopted to upgrade and/or replace slums, but are often faced with serious construction challenges, such as lack of access to sites and poor terrain conditions. Moreover, during the execution of slum upgrading projects, resident families can experience significant social and economic disruptions. The objective of this paper is present an integrated urban-construction planning framework for slum upgrading projects. This framework incorporates participatory upgrading and is designed to achieve three important objectives, including (1)maximizing the benefits of slum upgrading projects by identifying and accelerating the delivery of urgent projects; (2)providing more accurate and practical estimates of upgrading projects costs and timelines, which enables controlling and minimizing the total projects costs and durations; and (3)minimizing the social and economic disruptions for resident families during construction. An illustrative example is presented to demonstrate the potential of the proposed framework and its core multiobjective optimization process. | |||
| Techniques for Continuous Improvement of Quality of Data Collection in Systems of Capital Infrastructure Management | Migliaccio, G. C.; Bogus, Susan M.; Cordova-Alvidrez, A. A. | JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT | 2014 | Journal Article | oLa infraestructura del transporte es una de las mas grandes inversiones que realizan los gobiernos. Las agencias gubernamentales de transporte administran este capital y utilizan la informacion de las condiciones de este para decidir la programacion y tipo de mantenimiento y recursos a ejercer. Para recolectar la informacion pertinente, las agencias emplean evaluadores adiestrados para evaluar la infraestructura, ya sea en sitio o analizando fotografias y/o videos. Las evaluaciones visuales son empleadas para inspeccionar las condiciones de la infraestructura, incluyendo el desgaste de la superficie de los caminos y carreteras. Este articulo describe un Data Quality Assessment & Improvement Framework (DQAIF) (Sistema de Evaluacion y Mejora de la Calidad de la Informacion) para medir y controlar los datos de los evaluadores del deterioro de carreteras, al controlar el criterio de estos. El DQAIF es en un proceso ciclico de Mejora Continua de Calidad compuesto por: a)la evaluacion del nivel de acuerdo entre evaluadores -por medio del analisis estadistico (inter-rater agreement analysis), b)la evaluacion de la consistencia a traves del tiempo -mediante analisis de regresion lineal, y c)la implementacion de practicas gerenciales para mejorar los resultados mostrados en las evaluaciones anteriores. Se llevo a cabo un estudio de caso para validar el sistema propuesto. Los resultados mostraron que el DQAIF es efectivo para identificar y resolver problemas de la calidad de los datos obtenidos en las inspecciones de infraestructura. Con este sistema se garantiza la reduccion del riesgo de la subjetividad y asi aplicar acciones de mantenimiento mas oportunas. El DQAIF puede ser empleado en un programa de gerencia de infraestructura o en cualquier programa de ingenieria en donde la informacion esta sujeta al juicio o criterio personal de los individuos que realizan la evaluacion. Este proceso puede ser adaptado, incluso, para evaluar el desempeno de sistemas automatizados de evaluacion de pavimentos. | MANUAL PAVEMENT DISTRESS | Quality control; Pavement management; Inspection; Quantitative analysis; Data collection; Assets; Quality control; Pavement management; Inspection; Reliability; Quantitative analysis; Construction materials and methods | |
| Where to Focus for Successful Adoption of Building Information Modeling within Organization | Won, Jongsung; Lee, Ghang; Dossick, Carrie; Messner, John | Journal of Construction Engineering and Management | 2013 | Journal Article | Suggestions abound for successful adoption of building information modeling (BIM); however, a company with limited resources cannot adopt them all. The factors that have top management priority for successful accomplishment of a task are termed critical success factors (CSFs). This paper aims to derive the CSFs for four questions commonly asked by companies in the first wave of BIM adoption: (1)What are the CSFs for adopting BIM in a company? (2)What are the CSFs for selecting projects to deploy BIM? (3)What are the CSFs for selecting BIM services? (4)What are the CSFs for selecting company-appropriate BIM software applications? A list of consideration factors was collected for each question, based on a literature review, and then refined through face-to-face interviews based on experiences of BIM experts. An international survey was conducted with leading BIM experts. From the 206 distributed surveys, 52 responses from four continents were collected. This study used quantitative data analysis to derive a manageable number (4-10) of CSFs for each category from dozens of anecdotal consideration factors. The derived CSFs are expected to be used as efficient metrics for evaluating and managing the level of BIM adoption and as a basis for developing BIM evaluation models in the future. | |||
| Empirical Assessment of Geographically Based Surface Interpolation Methods for Adjusting Construction Cost Estimates by Project Location | Zhang, Su; Migliaccio, Giovanni C.; Zandbergen, Paul A.; Guindani, Michele | Journal of Construction Engineering and Management | 2014 | Journal Article | ||||
| Value Engineering for Roadway Expansion Project over Deep Thick Soft Soils | Kim, Tae-Hyung; Lee, Hyun Woo; Hong, Seok-Woo | Journal of Construction Engineering and Management | 2016 | Journal Article | A roadway expansion that takes place on soft ground is susceptible to differential settlement because of the high consolidation of soft soils. Therefore, steps must be taken to lessen the risk of such settlement; yet, this often only results in costly drainage solutions. In that, applying a systematic value engineering (VE) process can be beneficial to develop cost-effective design alternatives. However, VE studies specifically targeting for this problem are absent from the field. Thus, the goal of this study is to supplement this knowledge gap by applying a systematic VE process to an expansion project on soft ground to demonstrate the benefits of performing VE. A case study was performed on an expansion project over a soft soil layer approximately 50m thick. Through the VE process, the original design was reviewed, problems were discussed, and three alternatives were proposed. Then value analysis techniques were applied to evaluate these alternatives in terms of cost saving, function improvement, and value improvement with respect to the original design. The VE process and design alternatives as applied in this study are expected to serve as a guideline for engineers and decision-makers in roadway expansion projects on soft ground. (C) 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers. | |||
| Environmental, economic, and social implications of highway concrete rehabilitation alternatives | Choi, Kunhee; Lee, Hyun Woo; Mao, Zhuting; Lavy, Sarel; Ryoo, Boong Yeol | Journal of Construction Engineering and Management | 2016 | Journal Article | Currently, there is no comprehensive benchmark of life-cycle assessment for the rigid pavement alternatives for highway rehabilitation. To fill this gap, the major objective of this study is to investigate the environmental, economic, and social impacts of the three most widely adopted rigid pavement choices through a life-cycle assessment approach with custom-built economic input-output life-cycle assessment (EIO-LCA) models. Quantity takeoffs were performed for each alternative assuming a 1-lane-km highway rehabilitation. Subsequently, the construction costs of each alternative were computed in order to determine the present values for a life span of 50years, while at the same time accounting for a different life expectancy for each pavement rehabilitation strategy. The present values were then incorporated into a corresponding EIO-LCA model. The results clearly indicate that continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) is the most sustainable choice and much preferable to the other alternatives for minimizing negative environmental, economic and social impacts from the life-cycle perspective. This finding champions a wider adoption of CRCP for future sustainable transportation infrastructure development projects, as CRCP's relatively high initial construction cost can be recouped by long-term sustained benefits. The results and findings of this study can serve as a solid foundation for industry practitioners and decision-makers to make better-informed project decisions when choosing the most sustainable pavement alternatives from a life-cycle perspective. (C) 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers. | |||
| Time-cost performance effect of change orders from accelerated contract provisions | Choi, Kunhee; Lee, Hyun Woo; Bae, Junseo; Bilbo, David | Journal of Construction Engineering and Management | 2016 | Journal Article | Accelerated contract provisions (ACPs) such as cost-plus-time (A+B) and incentives/disincentives (I/D) are increasingly common, yet very little is known about their pure time-cost performance effects on change orders. To fill this large knowledge gap, a two-stage research methodology drawing on 1,372 highway improvement projects completed in California was adopted for this study. The Stage I study investigated the marginal change-order impacts of two ACPs, pure A+B and I/D combined with A+B. How ACP change orders affect projects' time-cost performance was numerically modeled and successfully validated over the Stage II study. The results clearly showed that both ACPs led to more schedule-change and cost-change orders than conventionally contracted projects, whereas I/D combined with A+B performed significantly better than pure A+B in terms of the magnitude of schedule-change orders. This conveys an important recommendation to state transportation agencies (STAs) that A+B be used with an I/D provision. The results and numerical models of this study would help STAs better assess and justify the impact of change orders on the duration and cost of projects, enabling them to more effectively use contingency amounts. Use of the models can also benefit contractors requesting a change order because the models can provide them with advanced knowledge of the probable time-cost growth rates specifically for the pursued ACP. (C) 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers. | |||
| Deconstructing the construction industry: A spatiotemporal clustering approach to profitability modeling | Choi, Kunhee; Lee, Hyun Woo | Journal of Construction Engineering and Management | 2016 | Journal Article | In spite of the strong influence of the construction industry on the national health of the United States' economy, very little research has specifically aimed at evaluating the key performance parameters and trends (KPPT) of the industry. Due to this knowledge gap, concerns have been constantly raised over lack of accurate measures of KPPT. To circumvent these challenges, this study investigates and models the macroeconomic KPPT of the industry through spatiotemporal clustering modeling. This study specifically aims to analyze the industry in 14 of its subsectors and subsequently, by 51 geographic spatial areas at a 15-year temporal scale. KPPT and their interdependence were firstly examined by utilizing the interpolated comprehensive U.S. economic census data. A hierarchical spatiotemporal clustering analysis was then performed to create predictive models that can reliably determine firm's profitability as a function of the key parameters. Lastly, the robustness of the predictive models was tested by a cross-validation technique called the predicted error sum of square. This study yields a notable conclusion that three key performance parameterslabor productivity, gross margin, and labor wageshave steadily improved over the study period from 1992 to 2007. This study also reveals that labor productivity is the most critical factor; the states and subsectors with the highest productivity are the most profitable. This study should be of value to decision-makers when plotting a roadmap for future growth and rendering a strategic business decisions. | |||
| Alignment between lean principles and practices and worker safety behavior | Gambatese, John A.; Pestana, Catarina; Lee, Hyun Woo | Journal of Construction Engineering and Management | 2017 | Journal Article | Alignment and synergy between the areas of lean construction and safety management are expected because all near misses and injury incidents represent waste from the lean perspective. This paper describes a research study of lean and safety principles and practices with regards to worker behavior and safety practices. Specifically, the study aimed to investigate the extent of alignment between lean construction principles/practices and worker behaviors associated with construction safety. To conduct the study, the researchers used a multistep process involving a comprehensive literature review, document content analyses by an expert panel, and a survey of industry practitioners knowledgeable about lean construction. The findings support the perspective that many similarities exist between the application and impacts of lean and safety principles and practices. Lean practitioners surveyed believe that implementation of the last planner system as a lean practice is most beneficial to the following safety practices: management commitment, preproject planning, and pretask planning. The present study revealed that lean principles and practices can provide a valuable opportunity to further improve construction worker safety; however, the findings show that there is a difference between lean construction and safety management practices, revealing a gap with respect to worker behavior. Understanding and eliminating this gap is important for the industry to realize the full benefit that lean principles and practices can have on worker safety. To do so, the authors suggest expanding lean practices to further directly engage field workers and address worker behavior issues along with carefully communicating the lean message to construction personnel. (C) 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers. | |||
| Estimating Location-Adjustment Factors for Conceptual Cost Estimating Based on Nighttime Light Satellite Imagery | Zhang, Su; Bogus, Susan M.; Lippitt, Christopher D.; Migliaccio, Giovanni C. | Journal of Construction Engineering and Management | 2017 | Journal Article | A fundamental process in construction cost estimation is the appropriate adjustment of costs to reflect project location. Unfortunately, location adjustment factors are not available for all locations. To overcome this lack of data, cost estimators in the United States often use adjustment factors from adjacent locations, referred to as the nearest neighbor (NN) method. However, these adjacent locations may not have similar economic conditions, which limit the accuracy of the NN method. This research proposes a new method of using nighttime light satellite imagery (NLSI) to estimate location adjustment factors where they do not exist. The NLSI method for estimating location adjustment factors was evaluated against an established cost index database, and results show that NLSI can be used to effectively estimate location adjustment factors. When compared with NN and other alternative proximity-based location adjustment methods, the proposed NLSI method leads to a 25-40% reduction of the median absolute error. This work contributes to the body of knowledge by introducing a more accurate method for estimating location adjustment factors which can improve cost estimates for construction projects where location adjustment factors do not currently exist. (C) 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers. | |||
| Developing a Decision-making Framework to Select Safety Technologies for Highway Construction | Nnaji, Chukwuma; Lee, Hyun Woo; Karakhan, Ali; Gambatese, John | Journal of Construction Engineering and Management | 2018 | Journal Article | Highway construction has consistently reported relatively high fatality rates largely because of the considerable exposure of workers to live traffic. To address this anomaly, traffic control planners are tasked with making decisions geared toward reducing hazardous situations caused by transiting vehicles and construction equipment. The growing application of technologies to enhance worker safety should be considered during the traffic control planning process. In certain cases, decisions such as choosing among technology options are made using experiential individual knowledge without the application of scientific and systematic decision-making methods. Use of experience-based decision making in this context is largely the result of sparse literature on scientific methods of selecting between alternatives in highway construction work zones. By applying the Choosing by Advantages (CBA) decision-making method, a process that achieves sound and effective decisions, the current study aims to fill the gap in practice by proposing a decision-making framework that could enhance the value-cost selection process of safety technologies in highway construction work zones. A situation that applied work zone intrusion alert technologies (WZIATs) was selected as a case study. Using a focus group session and case projects as an evaluation study process, the proposed framework based on the CBA decision-making process was applied to evaluate three WZIATs. Findings from the current study will benefit safety professionals and practitioners by providing a step-by-step approach to make sound decisions that can enhance the level of safety in highway construction work zones. | |||
| Temporal Effect of Construction Workforce Physical Strain on Diminishing Marginal Productivity at the Task Level | Lee, Wonil; Migliaccio, Giovanni C. | Journal of Construction Engineering and Management | 2018 | Journal Article | Physiological status and environmental stressors are known to influence workforce performance at the individual worker level. A previous study, which conducted a cross-sectional comparison in repetitive material-handling construction activities, suggested that a U-shaped relationship existed between physical strain and productivity at the group level. This research revisits those findings to further investigate the U-curve relationship between physical strain and productivity at the group level and validate the concept of diminishing marginal productivity. Heart rates were measured as an indicator of subjects' physical strain, whereas task productivity was estimated by work sampling. Eighty person-hour data were converted into panel data sets by dividing each subject's 4-h experimental data into 5-min intervals. These data sets were subsequently used to evaluate the effects of time on physical strain and productivity with 5-min lags. The study found a U-curve relationship between physical strain and task-level productivity at the group level while controlling for individual characteristics. The U-shape relationship was constant in the low-performance and high-performance groups, although the degrees of the polynomials differed. Productive workers will remain more productive than low-productive workers with increased physical strain. | |||
| Stackelberg Game Theory-Based Optimization Model for Design of Payment Mechanism in Performance-Based PPPs | Shang, Luming; Aziz, Ahmed M. Abdel | Journal of Construction Engineering and Management | 2020 | Journal Article | Payment mechanisms lie at the heart of public-private partnership (PPP) contracts. A good design of the payment mechanism should consider the owner's goals in the project, allocate risks appropriately to stakeholders, and assure satisfactory performance by providing reasonable compensation to the private developer. This paper proposes a Stackelberg game theory-based model to assist public agencies in designing payment mechanisms for PPP transportation projects. The interests of both public and private sectors are considered and reflected by a bilevel objective function. The model aims to search for solutions that maximize a project's overall performance for the sake of social welfare while simultaneously maximizing return for the sake of private investment. A variable elimination method and genetic algorithm are used to solve the optimization model. A case study based on a real PPP project is discussed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. The solutions provided by the model reveal that the optimal payment mechanism structure could be established such that it would satisfy owners' requirements for overall project performance while optimizing project total payments to contractors. | CM | ||
| The Practice of Roadway Safety Management in Public-Private Partnerships | Aziz, Ahmed M. Abdel | JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT | 2021 | Journal Article | As a matter of course, the private party in public-private partnerships (PPPs) assumes the responsibility for roadway safety management (RSM). However, because most PPPs are performance-based, public highway agencies must articulate the specifications and methods they develop to enforce RSM practices. Despite the increased interest in PPPs in recent decades, little has been published on developing and propagating the RSM practices used with this delivery system. To fill this research gap and explore RSM practices in PPPs, this work took a synthesis research approach, using content analysis to critically review and analyze 16 PPP agreements in seven states and provinces leading in PPP contracting in North America. The study discovered several methods and organized them under five mechanisms: Mechanism 1, integrating roadway safety into project performance specifications and initiating new tools such as safety compliance orders; Mechanism 2, imposing nonconformance monetary deductions based on point and classification systems; Mechanism 3, regulating safety payments on the basis of crash statistics; Mechanism 4, promoting safety initiative programs; and Mechanism 5, enforcing administrative countermeasures such as work suspension and default/termination triggers for persistent developer noncompliance. Mechanisms 1 and 5 were the default mechanisms in all toll- and availability-based projects, whereas Mechanism 2 was common in availability-only projects. The research reviewed the RSM packages in the PPP agreements, elucidating the particulars of the RSM mechanisms, highlighting RSM design considerations, presenting implementation guidelines, and articulating research needs. The research results were validated against PPP highways in five other states and provinces. This synthesis research provides highway agencies with an extensive practice review to support RSM package design for future PPP projects. | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; INCENTIVES | Public-private partnerships (PPPs); Performance specifications; Roadway safety; Payment mechanisms; Availability payment; Highways | |
| Data Fusion of Real-Time Location Sensing and Physiological Status Monitoring for Ergonomics Analysis of Construction Workers | Cheng, Tao; Migliaccio, Giovanni C.; Teizer, Jochen; Gatti, Umberto C. | Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering | 2013 | Journal Article | Previous research and applications in construction resource optimization have focused on tracking the location of material and equipment. There is a lack of studies on remote monitoring for improving safety and health of the construction workforce. This paper presents a new approach for monitoring ergonomically safe and unsafe behavior of construction workers. The study relies on a methodology that utilizes fusion of data from continuous remote monitoring of construction workers' location and physiological status. To monitor construction workers activities, the authors deployed nonintrusive real-time worker location sensing (RTLS) and physiological status monitoring (PSM) technology. This paper presents the background and need for a data fusion approach, the framework, the test bed environment, and results to some case studies that were used to automatically identify unhealthy work behavior. Results of this study suggest a new approach for automating remote monitoring of construction workers safety performance by fusing data on their location and physical strain. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000222. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. | |||
| Advancing optimization of hybrid housing development plans following disasters: Achieving computational robustness, effectiveness, and efficiency | El-Anwar, Omar | Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering | 2013 | Journal Article | Following disasters, displaced families often face significant challenges to move from temporary to permanent housing. The Federal Emergency Management Agency is exploring alternative housing pilot programs to evaluate the possibility of providing quickly deployable, affordable housing that can serve both as temporary and permanent housing. Because of the complexities and costs associated with these programs, it is impractical to assume that accelerated permanent housing can fully replace the need for traditional temporary housing, especially in cases of large-scale displacements. A novel methodology was developed to evaluate the socioeconomic benefits of candidate configurations of hybrid housing plans, which incorporates both temporary and accelerated permanent housing developments. This paper presents the computational implementation and performance analysis of this novel methodology to offer a practical decision-support tool to emergency planners. To this end, genetic algorithms and integer-programming optimization models are formulated, and their performances are analyzed based on their effectiveness, efficiency, and robustness. In lieu of developing the integer-programming model, the paper also presents a linear formulation that overcomes the need to use logical operations to model fixed and variable cost components for developing housing projects. Results show the superior performance of integer programming, whereas genetic algorithms offer higher modeling flexibility. | |||
| Maximizing the Computational Efficiency of Temporary Housing Decision Support Following Disasters | El-Anwar, Omar; Chen, Lei | Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering | 2014 | Journal Article | Postdisaster temporary housing has long been a challenging problem because of its interlinked socioeconomic, political, and financial dimensions. A significant need for automated decision support was obvious to address this problem. Previous research achieved considerable advancements in developing optimization models that can quantify and optimize the impacts of temporary housing decisions on the socioeconomic welfare of displaced families and total public expenditures on temporary housing as well as other objectives. However, the computational complexity of these models hindered its practical use and adoption by emergency planners. This article analyzes the computational efficiency of the current implementation of the most advanced socioeconomic formulation of the temporary housing problem, which uses integer programming. Moreover, it presents the development of a customized variant of the Hungarian algorithm that has a superior computational performance while maintaining the highest quality of solutions. An application example is presented to demonstrate the unique capabilities of the new algorithm in solving large-scale problems. | |||
| Efficient Optimization of Post-Disaster Reconstruction of Transportation Networks | El-Anwar, Omar; Ye, Jin; Orabi, Wallied | Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering | 2016 | Journal Article | Catastrophes, such as hurricanes, earthquakes, and tsunamis often cause large-scale damage to transportation systems. In the aftermath of these disasters, there is a present challenge to quickly analyze various reconstruction plans and assess their impacts on restoring transportation services. This paper presents a new methodology for optimizing post-disaster reconstruction plans for transportation networks with superior computational efficiency employing mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). The model is capable of optimizing transportation recovery projects prioritization and contractors assignment in order to simultaneously: (1)accelerate networks recovery; and (2)minimize public expenditures. The full methodology is presented in two companion publications, where the focus of this paper is to propose new methods for (1)decomposing traffic analysis; (2)assessing the traffic and cost performance of reconstruction plans; (3)reducing the massive solution search space; and (4)phasing the use of mixed-integer linear programming to optimize the problem. An illustrative example is presented throughout the paper to demonstrate the implementation phases. (C) 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers. | |||
| Innovative Linear Formulation for Transportation Reconstruction Planning | El-Anwar, Omar; Ye, Jin; Orabi, Wallied | Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering | 2016 | Journal Article | Following disasters, the pace of restoring transportation networks can have a significant impact on economic and societal recovery. However, reconstruction and repair efforts are typically faced by budget constraints that require careful selection among competing contractors. This paper presents an innovative formulation to optimize this complex planning problem in order to maximize the rate of transportation network recovery while minimizing the associated reconstruction costs. This study first contributes to the body of knowledge by offering an effective and efficient means of identifying the optimal schedules for reconstruction projects and the optimal contractor assignments. This is achieved by solving the problem using a new mixed-integer linear programming model. However, there are four main formulation challenges to represent this problem using linear equations because of the need to use logical operators. As such, the second contribution of this study is in offering innovative solutions to overcome these formulation challenges, which are generalizable to other construction scheduling and planning problems. This paper is companion to another paper that describes a holistic optimization and traffic assessment methodology for post-disaster reconstruction planning for damaged transportation networks. (C) 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers. | |||
| Automated Community-Based Housing Response: Offering Temporary Housing Solutions Tailored to Displaced Populations Needs | El-Anwar, Omar; Chen, Lei | Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering | 2016 | Journal Article | Following disasters, emergency management agencies are under immense pressure to make quick decisions regarding the provision of temporary housing, including their locations and types. Such decisions can significantly impact the socioeconomic recovery of displaced families and available budgets for other postdisaster activities. To address these challenges, a new holistic temporary housing planning framework is proposed to offer customized housing plans tailored to the specific social, economic, and psychological needs of displaced families while controlling expenditures. This paper presents the theoretical formulation and implementation details of the community-based housing response pool, which is a comprehensive framework that aims at (1)quantifying the specific needs and preferences of each displaced family, (2)evaluating the ability of housing alternatives to meet those needs, (3)computing temporary housing life cycle costs, and (4)optimizing housing decisions accordingly. The paper also presents an application example to demonstrate and evaluate the optimization model capabilities. | |||
| Model for Collecting Replacement Cycles of Building Components: Hybrid Approach of Indirect and Direct Estimations | Kim, Jonghyeob; Lee, Hyun Woo; Bender, William; Hyun, Chang-Taek | Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering | 2018 | Journal Article | Building maintenance, repair, and replacement (MR&R) costs are estimated to be two to three times larger than initial construction costs. Thus, it is important to accurately estimate and manage MR&R costs in the planning phase and/or design phase of a construction project based on life cycle cost analysis (LCCA). However, the nature of LCCA requires making necessary assumptions for the prediction and analysis of MR&R costs, and the reliability of the assumptions greatly impacts LCCA results. In particular, determining reasonable replacement cycles is especially important given that each replacement typically involves a significant amount of capital. However, conventional approaches largely focus on either collecting component-specific replacement cases or surveying expert opinions, both of which reduce the usability and reliability of replacement cycle data at an early stage. To overcome these limitations, this study aims to develop a replacement cycle collection model that can expedite the data collection by combining indirect estimations with direct estimations. The development of the model involves collecting replacement cases, developing replacement cycle and index estimation methods, and developing an algorithm to implement the suggested model. As a validation, the applicability and effectiveness of the model were illustrated and tested by using simulated cases based on 21 real-world facilities. This study makes a theoretical contribution to the body of knowledge by developing a replacement cycle data collection model based on long-term and macro perspectives. The developed model will also be of value to practitioners when they try to improve the reliability of their LCCA. | |||
| Rebaselining Asset Data for Existing Facilities and Infrastructure | Abdirad, Hamid; Dossick, Carrie Sturts | Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering | 2020 | Journal Article | This paper introduces rebaselining as a workflow for collecting reliable and verifiable asset management data for existing facilities and infrastructure. Reporting on two action research case studies with two public owners in the US, this research structures rebaselining in four phases: (1) preparing technology enablers, (2) collecting data from existing documents, (3) conducting field verification, and (4) updating asset management databases. These workflows address some of the common challenges in managing existing assets, including the fast-paced changes in asset data requirements, the inaccuracies in data and documentation of these existing assets portfolios, and the need to update data and documents over their life cycle. The findings set the groundwork for implementing workflow by mapping the rebaselining business processes in each phase, listing the technological requirements for these processes, and explaining the feasibility and examples of customizing building information modeling (BIM) platforms for rebaselining workflows. This customization of BIM platforms aims to offer simplified solutions that reduce the facility management staff's need for advanced BIM software knowledge. | CM | ||
| Teaching Life-Cycle Thinking in Construction Materials and Methods: Evaluation of and Deployment Strategies for Life-Cycle Assessment in Construction Engineering and Management Education | Lin, K. Y.; Levan, A.; Dossick, C. S. | JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ISSUES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION AND PRACTICE | 2012 | Journal Article | SUSTAINABILITY; DESIGN | |||
| Guideline for Building Information Modeling in Construction Engineering and Management Education | Lee, Namhun; Dossick, Carrie S.; Foley, Sean P. | Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice | 2013 | Journal Article | ||||
| Maximizing Temporary Housing Safety after Natural Disasters | El-Anwar, Omar; El-Rayes, Khaled; Elnashai, Amr | JOURNAL OF INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS | 2010 | Journal Article | In the aftermath of large-scale natural disasters, emergency management organizations are expected to provide safe temporary housing for a large number of displaced families and to ensure that these housing arrangements are not located in hazardous areas. Potential postdisaster hazards can take many forms such as earthquake aftershocks, landslides, postearthquake soil liquefaction, flooding, hazardous material releases, etc. This paper presents the development of a multiobjective optimization methodology to support decision-makers in emergency management organizations in optimizing postdisaster temporary housing arrangements. The developed methodology incorporates (1) a safety model to measure and quantify temporary housing safety in the presence of multiple potential postdisaster hazards; (2) a cost model to minimize total public expenditures on temporary housing; and (3) a multiobjective optimization model to simultaneously maximize temporary housing safety and minimize public expenditures on temporary housing. An application to a large region is presented to illustrate the use of the models and demonstrate their capabilities in optimizing postdisaster temporary housing arrangements. | EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDES | Optimization; Temporary housing; Postdisaster hazards; Housing safety; Postdisaster recovery | |
| Contractual Battles for Higher Ground: Case Examples | Ottesen, Jeffery L.; Migliaccio, Giovanni C.; Wulfsberg, H. James | Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and Construction | 2016 | Journal Article | Dispute resolution requires pursuit of mutual agreement and implies accordant resolve between the disputing parties. In truth, mutual agreement stems from acceptable risks and negotiated terms centered upon equity arguments wherein the parties assess, evaluate, negotiate, and battle for high ground. Where the parties clearly understand their respective positions relative to the applicable laws, facts outweigh emotions, and the parties are more likely to avoid disputes. This paper defines high ground based upon legal theory in quantum meruit, which means, as much as he deserves. Equity arguments can trump written contractual provisions. Owners, architects, engineers, and contractors must become wise to these arguments to protect its shareholders' interests. To promote understanding, five different case scenarios are presented using actual disputes experienced on (1) notice provisions, (2) cumulative impact claims, (3) no damages for delay clauses, (4) acceleration, and (5) owner review durations. These case scenarios demonstrate that acquiring high ground requires clear understanding and synchronization of both the contract and the applicable governing laws. Ultimately, the party possessing higher ground will find itself in a more favorable position when disputes occur. (c) 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers. | |||
| Bare Facts and Benefits of Resource-Loaded CPM Schedules | Ottesen, Jeffery L.; Martin, Greta A. | JOURNAL OF LEGAL AFFAIRS AND DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION | 2019 | Journal Article | Forum papers are thought-provoking opinion pieces or essays founded in fact, sometimes containing speculation, on a civil engineering topic of general interest and relevance to the readership of the journal. The views expressed in this Forum article do not necessarily reflect the views of ASCE or the Editorial Board of the journal. | |||
| Management Thinking in the Earned Value Method System and the Last Planner System | Kim, Yong-Woo; Ballard, Glenn | JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING | 2010 | Journal Article | Management theory has been neglected in the construction industry, which has rather focused on best practices. This paper investigates the theories implicit in two prevalent project control systems: the earned value method (EVM) and the last planner system (LPS). The study introduces two fundamental and competing conceptualizations of management: managing by means (MBM) and managing by results (MBR). The EVM is found to be based on MBR. However, project control based on MBR is argued to be inappropriate for managing at the operational level where tasks are highly interdependent. The LPS is found to be based on the MBM view. The empirical evidence from literature and case study suggested that the MBM view is more appropriate to manage works when it is applied to the operation level where each task is highly interdependent. | Last planner system (LPS); Management thinking; Performance measures; Project control | ||
| Study of the Relationship between Procurement Duration and Project Performance in Design-build Projects: Comparison between Water/Wastewater and Transportation Sectors | Bogus, Susan M.; Migliaccio, Giovanni C.; Jin, Ruoyu | Journal of Management in Engineering | 2013 | Journal Article | Previous studies on building, industrial, and transportation projects found that projects delivered using design-build tend to perform better than projects delivered with the traditional design-bid-build method. However, performance of design-build projects is affected by various factors, with procurement-related factors being among the most influential. Whereas other aspects of procurement have been largely investigated, the effect of procurement duration on project performance has been studied only for design-build transportation projects. In addition, few studies have focused specifically on the delivery of water/wastewater projects. This paper includes the results of a study on the relationship between procurement duration and performance of water/wastewater design-build projects. The study methodology was based on regression analysis of data from a sample of water/wastewater design-build projects. The results show that unlike the transportation sector, procurement duration has little effect on either schedule or cost performance in the water/wastewater sector. Likely reasons for this difference were then explored through a content analysis of procurement documents. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. | |||
| Risk Management Strategies for Privatized Infrastructure Projects: Study of the Build-Operate-Transfer Approach in East Asia and the Pacific | Lee, Namhun; Schaufelberger, John E. | Journal of Management in Engineering | 2014 | Journal Article | Private-public partnerships have been adopted for the development of public infrastructure to meet the growing demand for public services. Many Asian countries have used the build-operate-transfer (BOT) approach to develop public infrastructure projects. However, the potential benefits of undertaking a BOT project are accompanied by corresponding risks from the private sector's perspective. The objectives of this study are (1)to identify and discuss major risks inherent in the East Asia and Pacific regions, and (2)to propose risk management strategies for future BOT projects to be successful. This paper reports the results of five case study analyses undertaken to review their primary risks and mitigated methods. In addition, this paper proposes some strategies for future BOT projects. Two main categories of risks were analyzed: general risks and project-specific risks. Risk management strategies were suggested for each category of risk. The main finding of this study indicates that the private sector cannot be the only participant in risk management. The host government's active support is the most essential factor for the profitability and economic viability of a BOT project in the East Asia and Pacific regions. | |||
| Empirical comparison of methods for estimating location cost adjustments factors | Migliaccio, G. C.; Zandbergen, Paul; Martinez, A. A. | Journal of Management in Engineering | 2015 | Journal Article | Location factors are used to adjust conceptual cost estimates by project location. Presently, the construction industry has adopted a simple, proximity-based interpolation method to estimate location factors for missing locations. Although this approach is widely accepted, its validity has not been statistically substantiated. This study assessed the current method of adjusting conceptual cost estimates by project location and compared its performance against two alternative spatial interpolation methods. A Moran's I test was used to confirm the presence of strong spatial autocorrelation, which supports the use of proximity-based methods. Additional statistical evaluations of current and alternative methods were also conducted. Results provided statistical justification for the current method. However, an alternative method was proven to outperform the current method. Moreover, several opportunities for future research were identified as a result of this exploratory study. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. | |||
| Messy Talk in Virtual Teams: Achieving Knowledge Synthesis through Shared Visualizations | Dossick, Carrie Sturts; Anderson, Anne; Azari, Rahman; Iorio, Josh; Neff, Gina; Taylor, John E. | Journal of Management in Engineering | 2015 | Journal Article | Engineering teams collaborating in virtual environments face many technical, social, and cultural challenges. In this paper we focus on distributed teams making joint unanticipated discoveries in virtual environments. We operationalize a definition of messy talk as a process in which teams mutually discover issues, critically engage in clarifying and finding solutions to the discovered issues, exchange their knowledge, and resolve the issue. Can globally distributed teams use messy talk via virtual communication technology? We analyzed the interactions of four distributed student teams collaborating on a complex design and planning project using building information models (BIMs) and the cyber-enabled global research infrastructure for design (CyberGRID), a virtual world specifically developed for collaborative work. Their interactions exhibited all four elements of messy talk, even though resolution was the least common. Virtual worlds support real-time joint problem solving by (1)providing affordances for talk mediated by shared visualizations, (2)supporting team perceptions of building information models that are mutable, and (3)allowing transformations of those models while people were together in real time. Our findings suggest that distributed team collaboration requires technologies that support messy talkand iterative trial and errorfor complex multidimensional problems. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. | |||
| Impact of Measuring Operational-Level Planning Reliability on Management-Level Project Performance | Kim, Sang-Chul; Kim, Yong-Woo; Park, Kun Soo; Yoo, Choong-Yuel | Journal of Management in Engineering | 2015 | Journal Article | The earned value management system (EVMS) and the last planner system (LPS) have been widely used as effective performance measurement tools for construction managers and production units at construction projects. While the EVMS measures project-level costs and scheduling performances, the LPS measures the percent plan complete (PPC), which indicates the level of planning reliability. This paper investigates the relationship between planning reliability at the operational level and project performance at the management level (i.e., the success or failure of a project). Analyzing the empirical data of 23 residential projects of a large construction company, the authors find that, while the production plan in the weekly schedule is correlated rigidly with the daily plan in successful projects, such a rigid correlation is not observed in unsuccessful projects. To understand this finding, the authors further conducted interviews with project stakeholders. Taken together, this study suggests that an emphasis on LPS indices causes subcontractors to engage in myopic behaviors such as modifying operational-level indices. Consequently, management-level production plan rigidity is at risk. The findings in this paper offer valuable insights and help project stakeholders understand the attributes of operational-level and management-level indices and their relationships. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. | |||
| Customer Earned Value: Performance Indicator from Flow and Value Generation View | Kim, Taehoon; Kim, Yong-Woo; Cho, Hunhee | Journal of Management in Engineering | 2016 | Journal Article | The earned value method (EVM) is considered an advanced project control technique that provides a quantitative measure of work performance. However, the EVM is effective only under the assumption that every activity is independent. Literature shows that the EVM lacks the value generation view even working against the reliability of workflow. The goal of this research is to propose a project metric system to supplement the EVM in terms of the workflow and value generation. The researchers suggest a new metric of customer earned value (CEV), which is defined as the budgeted amount of work completed and is used by the successors on a network. Through a hypothetical case study, this research investigates how the work-in-process between trades and schedule performance in each trade behave under different uncertainties. The result suggests that the proposed metrics can provide project managers with more relevant managerial information on project progress as well as on the level of collaboration. The proposed system with the EVM would facilitate collaboration on project planning and control where variability and interdependency are involved. (C) 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers. | |||
| Integration Evaluation Framework for Integrated Design Teams of Green Buildings: Development and Validation | Azari, Rahman; Kim, Yong-Woo | Journal of Management in Engineering | 2016 | Journal Article | Integrated design (ID) process encourages integration of team members in the design phase of green building projects through intense collaborative processes and free exchange of information. Although integration in general and ID in particular have been well theorized by construction management research community, there exists no systematic mechanism in the field to help owners, architects, and managers of green project teams assess the level of integration in their projects' ID team environment in a practical manner. The key objective of the present article is therefore to use a qualitative-quantitative methodology to propose and validate an integration evaluation framework for green project teams and to statistically test the association between integration level and project success. The framework can be used by green project teams for comparison, benchmarking, or educational purposes and for integration evaluation and improvement in ID team environments. This research also provides empirical evidence to anecdotes suggesting positive link between team integration and project success in green projects. | |||
| Fuzzy AHP model for prequalification of engineering consultants in the Iranian public procurement system | Nazari, Ahad; Vandadian, Shaghayegh; Abdirad, Hamid | Journal of Management in Engineering | 2017 | Journal Article | Prequalification of engineering consultants in the Iranian public procurement system is suffering from arbitrary processes and criteria that cannot effectively shortlist the increasing number of potential bidders. This study aims to develop a prequalification model that can serve as the basis for revising the existing regulations and criteria. The authors conducted interviews among experts to localize a framework of prequalification criteria. Fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP), accompanied by a survey among industry participants, was used to determine the importance level of decision criteria. The results confirmed that the existing guidelines cannot meet the expectations of the industry due to the overemphasis on the past performance of consultants and disregarding their current capabilities. For the international audience, this study clarifies that (1)the working culture of industry participants impacts their judgments on the importance level of intangible and tangible criteria used for prequalification processes, (2)short-listing consultants for long-term and fragmented data collection in national registration or project prequalification should be avoided, and (3)researchers must test FAHP models with different fuzzy scales because the success of the widely used fuzzy extent analysis method is highly dependent on the scale of fuzzy functions and judgments of decision makers. | |||
| Stakeholder Management in Long-Term Complex Megaconstruction Projects: The Saemangeum Project | Park, Hyoungbae; Kim, Kyeongseok; Kim, Yong-Woo; Kim, Hyoungkwan | Journal of Management in Engineering | 2017 | Journal Article | This paper identifies 31 critical success factors (CSFs) and suggests a framework for effective stakeholder management in long-term complex megaconstruction (LCM) projects that require more than 10 years for multipurpose development. The results of a survey on the prioritization of these 31 CSFs reveal that LCM projects involve more stakeholders than do general construction projects and require a correspondingly wider range of changes during each project. To identify more systematic and strategic approaches to stakeholder management in LCM projects, a framework was developed through factor analysis and focus-group interviews with project management experts. The framework is composed of the following five agendas: clear understanding of stakeholders, clear definition of the project, effective communication, responding to environmental changes, and social cooperation. The analysis results show that LCM projects require a stronger emphasis on responding to environmental changes and social cooperation. These results, along with the CSF priorities, reveal the necessity of taking customized approaches to LCM projects. The results of this analysis are expected to help LCM project managers effectively manage stakeholders. (C) 2017 American Society of Civil Engineers. | |||
| Exploring the Influence of System Quality, Information Quality, and External Service on BIM User Satisfaction | Song, Jiule; Migliaccio, Giovanni C.; Wang, Guangbin; Lu, Hao | JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING | 2017 | Journal Article | Over the past decade, architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) companies around the world implemented building information modeling (BIM) to enhance their firms' competitiveness and readjust their business processes. Although substantial efforts have been made to implement BIM, previous research highlighted that implementation of BIM tools has not always resulted in satisfaction by users. Grounded in the literature on information systems and enterprise resource planning user satisfaction, this study tries to evaluate the success of BIM in terms of user satisfaction while controlling for the mediating effect of top-management support. The effects of four factors (i.e., system quality, information quality, external service, and top-management support) on BIM user satisfaction in AEC industries were examined through a survey of BIM users from China. Survey responses were analyzed with the partial least-squares method. The major contribution of this work lies in the findings that information quality, external service, and top-management support have a significant influence on BIM user satisfaction, and system quality did not have a significant influence on BIM user satisfaction. Moreover, top-management support acts as a mediating factor between external service and BIM user satisfaction. (C) 2017 American Society of Civil Engineers. | COMPUTING SATISFACTION; PERCEIVED USEFULNESS; ERP SYSTEMS; SUCCESS; MODEL; PERFORMANCE; TECHNOLOGY; ACCEPTANCE; TOOL; DETERMINANTS | BIM user satisfaction; System quality; Information quality; External services; Top-management support | |
| Training of low-literacy and low-english-proficiency hispanic workers on construction fall fatality | Lin, Ken-Yu; Lee, Wonil; Azari, Rahman; Migliaccio, Giovanni C. | Journal of Management in Engineering | 2018 | Journal Article | The construction industry has made extensive efforts to improve the safety of its labor force through various approaches, including training. However, many construction workers in the United States are recent immigrants who lack English proficiency and do not possess sufficient literacy levels in their own language for training comprehension. This reduces the effectiveness of traditional text-dominated translated training materials, which depend on both literacy and proficiency in a language. Thus, in this study, the authors used three-dimensional (3D) visualization to overcome the communication barriers that hinder effective safety training for low-literacy (LL) and low-English-proficiency (LEP) construction workers. This article summarizes the contributions of a study sponsored by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Susan Harwood Training Grant Program; it describes the methodology to develop scenario-based 3D training materials on fall safety for LL and LEP workers and to validate the effectiveness of the materials. The results show that 3D training materials improve interaction between trainer and trainee during safety training, facilitate learning processes, and can overcome some of the communication barriers that hinder effective safety training. (c) 2017 American Society of Civil Engineers. | |||
| Identification and reduction of synchronous replacements in life-cycle cost analysis of equipment | Kim, Jonghyeob; Han, Sangwon; Hyun, Chang-taek | Journal of Management in Engineering | 2019 | Journal Article | Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is a methodology used to calculate the total cost of a project from initial planning to final disposal. In conventional approaches, LCCA assumes that regular and preventive maintenance will be performed according to each replacement cycle for individual components, and replacement for each component is considered independently. However, because the components of equipment used in buildings are installed systemically, replacements of major components may cause unexpected replacements of dependent minor components. Therefore, it is necessary to identify additional replacements based on the associations among these related replacement components to achieve a more reliable LCCA. In response, this study proposes an LCCA model that comprehensively considers the relationships among the maintenance components. The development of the model involves identifying relationships among components using social network analysis (SNA), arranging individual replacement timings of the components that reflect these relationships, and analyzing the life-cycle cost (LCC) based on the arranged timing. To validate the model, its applicability and effectiveness was illustrated and tested using 19 components of a rainwater reuse system. This study makes a theoretical contribution to the body of knowledge by suggesting concepts of synchronous relationships and replacements based on SNA. In addition, the use of the model proposed in this study enables practitioners to analyze LCCs that reflect synchronous replacements, which allows more reasonable decision-making considering hidden costs in conventional LCC. (C) 2018 American Society of Civil Engineers. | CM | ||
| The Impact of Empowering Front-Line Managers on Planning Reliability and Project Schedule Performance | Kim, Yong-Woo; Rhee, Byong-Duk | JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING | 2020 | Journal Article | This study applies empowerment theory to production planning at the level of frontline managers in a construction project. Using structural equation modeling, we investigate how empowering frontline managers impacts their planning performance. In contrast to prior studies, we find that although psychological empowerment of frontline managers has no direct effect on their production planning reliability or scheduling performance, it has an indirect effect on planning reliability and scheduling performance, as long as the organization supports the empowerment structurally during production planning. This implies that a project manager should provide frontline managers at the operational level with proper formal and informal authority over workflow development, shielding, and resource allocation when planning production in order to enhance job performance through psychological empowerment. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on construction management by exploring the impact of psychological and structural empowerment of frontline managers on their performance of production planning reliability and scheduling performance. | PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT; WORK; MODEL; VARIABLES; SYSTEM; JOB | Planning reliability; Production planning; Psychological empowerment; Scheduling performance; Structural empowerment; Structural equation modeling | |
| ACT(2): Time Cost Tradeoffs from Alternative Contracting Methods | Choi, Kunhee; Bae, Junseo; Yin, Yangtian; Lee, Hyun Woo | JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING | 2021 | Journal Article | Incentive/disincentive (I/D) and cost-plus-time (A+B) are two of the most widely used alternative contracting methods (ACMs) for accelerating the construction of highway infrastructure improvement projects. However, little is known about the effects of trade-offs in terms of project schedule and cost performance. This study addresses this problem by creating and testing a stochastic decision support model called accelerated alternative contracting cost-time trade-off (ACT(2)). This model was developed by a second-order polynomial regression analysis and validated by the predicted error sum of square statistic and paired comparison tests. The results of a descriptive trend analysis based on a rich set of high-confidence project data show that I/D is effective at reducing project duration but results in higher cost compared to pure A+B and conventional methods. This cost-time trade-off effect was confirmed by the ACT(2) model, which determines the level of cost-time trade-off for different ACMs. This study will help state transportation agencies promote more effective application of ACMs by providing data-driven performance benchmarking results when evaluating competing acceleration strategies and techniques. (C) 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers. | HIGHWAY; CONSTRUCTION; MODEL | Alternative contracting methods; Cost-plus-time; A plus B; Incentive; Infrastructure trend; Time-cost trade-off | |
| Three Pathways to Highly Energy Efficient Buildings: Assessing Combinations of Teaming and Technology | Homayouni, Hoda; Dossick, Carrie Sturts; Neff, Gina | Journal of Management in Engineering | 2021 | Journal Article | Highly energy efficient (HEE) buildings require a whole-system approach to building design. Scholars have suggested many tools, techniques, and processes to address the cross-disciplinary complexities of such an approach, but how these elements might be best combined to lead to better project outcomes is yet unknown. To address this, we surveyed architects associated with 33 AIA-COTE award-winning projects on the social, organizational, and technological elements of whole-system design (WSD) practices. We then used fuzzy sets-qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to analyze the interdependencies among those elements. We found three distinct pathways for the design and construction of HEE buildings: information-driven, process-driven, or organization-driven. We also found that HEE buildings share some conditions for success, including having shared goals, owners engagement in the design process, and frequent and participatory interorganizational meetings. Our findings can help practitioners strategize and make decisions on incorporating WSD elements associated with their project types. Moreover, these results provide a launchpad for scholars to investigate complementarities among elements facilitating the design and construction process of HEE projects. | CM | ||
| Structural Equation Modeling for the Determinants of International Infrastructure Investment: Evidence from Chinese Contractors | Wang, Yunhong; Lee, Hyun Woo; Tang, Wenzhe; Whittington, Jan; Qiang, Maoshan | JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING | 2021 | Journal Article | International infrastructure investment can effectively accelerate infrastructure development in developing countries and thus support their social and economic progress. However, little is known of the factors that may determine the flow of international infrastructure investment to those countries. This study aims to bridge that knowledge gap, first by identifying the determinants of international infrastructure investment, and then by developing a structural equation model to reveal their underlying interrelationships. The structural equation model is applied to country-level data regarding international infrastructure investment with Chinese contractors in 141 countries worldwide over the 9-year period from 2009 to 2017. The results show that three determinants, namely infrastructure quality, labor supply, and investment interdependency, have a positive relationship with a country's international infrastructure investment inflow. However, another determinant, institutional environment, has a significantly negative impact, which suggests that when making foreign infrastructure investment, Chinese contractors enter countries with a comparatively poor institutional environment with substantial political risks. The results also highlight how much a robust infrastructure development plan can help developing countries avoid the poor-infrastructure trap, a situation in which poor infrastructure quality discourages international infrastructure investment. These research findings may assist international infrastructure investment firms to make informed decisions with regard to financing and managing projects and help policymakers who focus on attracting foreign investment in infrastructure. | FOREIGN DIRECT-INVESTMENT; PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS; ECONOMIC-GROWTH; TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; LABOR PRODUCTIVITY; FIT INDEXES; LOCATION; ENERGY; FIRMS | Infrastructure investment; Institutional environment; Infrastructure quality; Foreign direct investment (FDI) interdependency; Structure equation modeling; Belt and road initiative | |
| Design Management in Design-Build Megaprojects: SR 99 Bored Tunnel Case Study | Gatti, U.C.(1); Migliaccio, G.C.(1); Laird, L.(1) | Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction | 2014 | Journal Article | The increasing use of the design-build project delivery method has resulted in it now being one of the most popular nontraditional methods for delivering road, bridge, mass transit, and rail projects in the United States. However, although the use of design-build is widespread, there remains a substantial lack of information about how to effectively plan and implement design management procedures for design-build transportation projects. In particular, transportation agencies lack information about how to shape appropriate design management roles for various contractual parties and to manage design activities for design-build megaprojects. To fill this gap, this paper presents a case study of the SR 99 Bored Tunnel project in Seattle, Washington. It provides detailed information on how the owner, the Washington State DOT (WSDOT), incorporated design management procedures into its requirements and how the design-builder, Seattle Tunnel Partners, implemented them within its project management processes. | boring - design engineering - project management - tunnels | design-build megaproject - design-build project delivery method - road project - bridge project - mass transit project - rail project - United States - design-build transportation project - transportation agency - SR 99 Bored Tunnel project - Seattle - Washington State DOT - WSDOT - design management - project management process | |
| Advancing Impact of Education, Training, and Professional Experience on Integrated Project Delivery | Hyun Woo Lee(1); Anderson, S.M.(2); Yong-Woo Kim(3); Ballard, G.(4) | Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction | 2014 | Journal Article | With the increased interest in applying integrated forms of project delivery to complex and uncertain construction projects, the building industry has been experiencing an increased demand for integrated project delivery (IPD). With the trend, many empirical studies have examined the collaborative characteristics of IPD and reported that participants must make the necessary transition for its contractual, technological, and cultural requirements. However, little study has been done to investigate relevant education, training, or professional experience that can support the transition. In response, this study used an online survey that was designed to investigate the level and type of education, training, and professional experience of project members and their corresponding level of background knowledge for each IPD requirement. The key survey findings include (1) project members have the highest level of background knowledge on the cultural requirements of IPD, but the lowest level on the technological requirements; (2) the group with more design-build experience has more background knowledge; (3) the group that received an IPD kick-off training has more background knowledge; and (4) having a lean construction class can prepare students for the IPD environment. It is expected that the survey findings will advance the education, training, and levels of background knowledge of IPD participants, which will enhance their IPD experience accordingly. | buildings (structures) - construction industry - contracts - cultural aspects - industrial training - professional aspects - project management | construction project - building industry - integrated project delivery - IPD - contractual requirement - cultural requirement - professional experience - design-build experience - training impact - education impact | |
| Case Study to Evaluate Work-Zone Safety Technologies in Highway Construction | Nnaji, Chukwuma; Karakhan, Ali A.; Gambatese, John; Lee, Hyun Woo | Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction | 2020 | Journal Article | The construction industry is known for its conservative approach toward adopting new, emerging technologies. This conservative approach for adopting technology is caused by multiple factors including the lack of adequate resources to guide construction practitioners in the process of evaluating whether a construction firm should adopt a certain technology or not. Previous studies have already proposed rigorous protocols for evaluating work-zone technologies, but the implementation of such protocols is still unclear to many construction practitioners. The objective of this study is to provide a case study example of how evaluation protocols can be used in practice to determine whether a firm should adopt a certain work-zone technology. The case study focused on assessing the usefulness of commercially available work-zone intrusion alert technologies (WZIATs). The results of the evaluation revealed that some WZIATs could be more attractive to construction organizations and agencies in terms of providing louder alarms, being more mobile, and allowing a higher transmission range. The case study example discussed in this study is expected to provide invaluable practical information to practitioners in the construction industry interested in evaluating and adopting emerging technologies. | CM | ||
| Comparative Environmental Analysis of Seismic Damage in Buildings | Huang, M.; Simonen, K. | JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING | 2020 | Journal Article | In studying the environmental impacts of buildings, earthquake hazards are rarely considered, but their environmental impacts can be significant. This case study paper demonstrates how the US Federal Emergency Management Agency's Performance Assessment Calculation Tool (PACT) can be used to analyze the environmental impacts of buildings using probabilistic seismic hazard assessment. PACT was used to evaluate 10 case study buildings that varied by five types of lateral systems and two risk categories. For each building, PACT generated 1,000 realizations at five earthquake intensities. The resulting environmental impacts were analyzed according to their distribution, median, and average values, and the differences among building component types, risk categories, and lateral force-resisting systems were explored. In this study, building components that were categorized under Exterior Enclosures, Interior Finishes, and Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) produced notably higher environmental impacts in response to seismic damage, and their vulnerability to displacement- or acceleration-induced damage could be attributed to the characteristics of the lateral systems. Although these observations are notable, they should not be taken as universally applicable to all buildings. Instead, these findings exemplify how the environmental impact results from PACT can be analyzed and interpreted to address both the seismic and environmental aspects of building design. (C) 2019 American Society of Civil Engineers. | IMPACT | ||
| Improved Fog Collection Using Turf Reinforcement Mats | Feld, Shara I.; Spencer, Benjamin R.; Bolton, Susan M. | Journal of Sustainable Water in the Built Environment | 2016 | Journal Article | Impoverished communities are particularly vulnerable to increasing water scarcity. The development of low-cost technologies that improve access to unconventional water sources, such as the freshwater contained in fog, is one way to address water scarcity. Passive fog collectors, sited to maximize exposure to orographic and advection fog, are typically constructed using 35% Raschel mesh stretched within a structural frame. To assess improvements to this technology, the fog collection potential of nonwoven turf reinforcement mats ( TRM), underwent preliminary testing in a laboratory fog tunnel and more conclusive testing at a field site in Lima, Peru. In fog tunnel tests, both of the two tested TRM specimens increased fog collection yields over 35% Raschel mesh by 26 and 33% respectively. At one field site, the tested mats increased fog collection yields over 35% Raschel mesh by 62 and 75% respectively. At a second field site, these materials increased collection volumes over the 35% Raschel mesh by 146 and 178% respectively. Differences in TRM performance at different sites were likely due to different orientation to prevailing winds at the two test stations. This work suggests that nonwoven turf reinforcement mats have the potential to improve water access in arid, foggy low income communities. (C) 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers. | WATER; EFFICIENCY | Fresh water; Water resources; Water supply; Peru; Fog capture | |
| The equity impacts of Los Angeles' air quality policies | Bae, CHC | ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING A | 1997 | Journal Article | This research questions whether the imposition of federal clean-air standards in the Los Angeles metropolitan region will improve income equality. In the paper an attempt is made to measure the gains (health benefits, capitalized home price increases, visibility benefits) and losses [unemployment risks, price increases (including rents), and tax impacts] to mean-income households across communities and to households of different income groups within the communities for which sufficiently disaggregated data are available. The net welfare gains are substantial for households Living in low-income (typically polluted) cities and for the less well-off households living in most cities. Thus the Los Angeles case generates substantial pro-poor benefits from air quality improvement. This finding could be an important ingredient in public discussions to strengthen community support for the Clean Air Act. | |||
| Dying epistemologies: an analysis of home death and its critique | Brown, M; Colton, T | ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING A-ECONOMY AND SPACE | 2001 | Journal Article | Within the debate between medical and health geographers there are often calls for methodological and philosophical conciliation. The purpose of this paper is to detail some of the epistemological difficulties in ever achieving that aim. We do so by offering a foundational scientific analysis of home death in Washington State, and then turning to a postmedical deconstruction of that scholarship within the space of a single paper. Although the result is ii reflexive self-critical paper on how we know the geography of home death, it is by no means a resolution of the debate. A key epistemological impasse is identified between the foundationalism in our quantitative analysis and our poststructural critique. This impasse leads to different and irreconcilable aims between the two halves of the paper. In our reflections we stress the need to recognize explicitly this epistemological irreconcilability in order to temper the promise of;ln easy solution to the debate between medical and health geography. We nevertheless suggest that scholarly, ethical, and political insights can be gained from this project. | REFORMED MEDICAL GEOGRAPHY; HOSPICE CANCER-PATIENTS; TERMINAL-CARE; SOUTH-AUSTRALIA; PEOPLE DIE; PLACE; PREFERENCES; HEALTH; INVITATION; POLITICS | ||
| The civics of urban nature: enacting hybrid landscapes. | Karvonen, Andrew; Yocom, Ken | Environment & Planning A | 2011 | Journal Article | Urban nature is typically managed through top-down, bureaucratic, and expert-driven approaches that tend to rationalize and simplify the interactions between humans and their surroundings. In the last few decades, there has been a significant push in cultural geography and the design disciplines to develop a relational ontology of urban nature, a perspective that emphasizes the hybrid connections between humans and nonhumans, built and unbuilt, social and natural. This perspective offers new and exciting ways of conceptualizing urban nature but it has not produced alternatives to conventional governance. In other words, thinking differently about urban nature has yet to produce different ways of interacting with it. In this paper we argue that civic environmentalism can enact a relational ontology by engaging urban residents in processes of democratic deliberation and action in the reworking of urban nature. We illustrate this approach with a case study of a community-led project to construct a pedestrian trail along an urban creek in Seattle, Washington. The example demonstrates how the concept of civic environmentalism embraces a relational perspective of urban nature, while also producing generative forms of political action. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=64166709&site=ehost-live | ||
| Information technology for planners: the gmforum | Bae, CHC; Trumbull, N; Wu, H; Voge, K | ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING B-PLANNING & DESIGN | 2002 | Journal Article | The authors report on web-based communications between professional planners and graduate students in Washington State, focusing on growth management issues. The website gmforum included: solicitations of advice from the planners; a moderated listserv; traditional course materials; statements on growth-management topics with links to other websites; and facilities for personal e-mail communications. A survey of the planners and the students showed a high degree of satisfaction with the outcomes. | INTERNET; WEB; EDUCATION; GROWTH | ||
| Transitions in Dutch environmental planning: New solutions for integrating spatial and environmental policies | deRoo, G; Miller, D | ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING B-PLANNING & DESIGN | 1997 | Journal Article | Environmental planning in the Netherlands is in the process of integrating spatial planning and environmental policy, in an effort to develop and protect physical features which contribute to quality of life in urban areas. This is not an easy task, because spatial planning and environmental policy are often in conflict rather than being complementary. Spatial planning in the Netherlands has traditionally been a responsibility of local governments, while the national government has promulgated environmental policy, which local governments are expected to implement. However the approach to dealing with environmental issues has recently undergone rapid change, as these issues have become increasingly complex and with growing recognition that they are importantly related to public local development objectives. This has given rise to the realization that programmes for resolving environmental conflicts can no longer be solely the responsibility of the national government; that local governments are often in the best position to solve environmental-spatial conflicts that are unique in character. The shift in approach and responsibility is presented here in a policy-approach model. This change of policy is narrowing the previous gap between spatial planning and environmental policy in the Netherlands. | |||
| A behavioral simulation model for metropolitan policy analysis and planning: residential location and housing market components of UrbanSim | Waddell, P | ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING B-PLANNING & DESIGN | 2000 | Journal Article | The growing demand for better coordination of metropolitan land use and transportation planning has led to the need for new analytical tools to examine the potential impacts of land-use and transportation policies and investments. In this paper I report on the residential and market-clearing components of the recently developed UrbanSim land-use model, which is currently being implemented in Hawaii, Oregon, and Utah. The model is based on parcel-level land-use data and simulates the interaction between demand and supply of real estate by using a dynamic behavioral approach that operates on an annual time schedule. The model system is now operational, and in this paper the design and calibration results for the Eugene-Springfield, Oregon metropolitan area are described. | LAND-USE; MOBILITY; CHOICE | ||
| Places for the gods: urban planning as orthopraxy and heteropraxy in China. | Abramson, Daniel Benjamin | Environment & Planning D: Society & Space | 2011 | Journal Article | Among the many revivals of older urban practices in China since the death of Mao and the Reforms of Deng Xiaoping is the resurgence of unofficial folk-religious space. As a national phenomenon, it is an uneven process, but where it has become prevalent, it presents challenges both to official standard urban-planning practice, as well as to the public presentation of planning practice. This paper describes how nonstandard practices can emerge in the current context of rapid urbanization, which itself is a force for standardized urban spatial practices in terms of Chinese domestic cultural and political institutions as well as global capital flows. Both local and translocal actors, navigating among various conflicting standards of practice and discourse, can find room to resist hegemony, maintain identity, and innovate. The political and bureaucratic ritualization of planning practice, however, conceals this fact. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=59617075&site=ehost-live | ||
| Global urban signatures of phenotypic change in animal and plant populations. | Alberti, Marina; Correa, Cristian; Marzluff, John M.; Hendry, Andrew P.; Palkovacs, Eric P.; Gotanda, Kiyoko M.; Hunt, Victoria M.; Apgar, Travis M.; Zhou, Yuyu | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | 2017 | Journal Article | Humans challenge the phenotypic, genetic, and cultural makeup of species by affecting the fitness landscapes on which they evolve. Recent studies show that cities might play a major role in contemporary evolution by accelerating phenotypic changes in wildlife, including animals, plants, fungi, and other organisms. Many studies of ecoevolutionary change have focused on anthropogenic drivers, but none of these studies has specifically examined the role that urbanization plays in ecoevolution or explicitly examined its mechanisms. This paper presents evidence on the mechanisms linking urban development patterns to rapid evolutionary changes for species that play important functional roles in communities and ecosystems. Through a metaanalysis of experimental and observational studies reporting more than 1,600 phenotypic changes in species across multiple regions, we ask whether we can discriminate an urban signature of phenotypic change beyond the established natural baselines and other anthropogenic signals. We then assess the relative impact of five types of urban disturbances including habitat modifications, biotic interactions, habitat heterogeneity, novel disturbances, and social interactions. Our study shows a clear urban signal; rates of phenotypic change are greater in urbanizing systems compared with natural and nonurban anthropogenic systems. By explicitly linking urban development to traits that affect ecosystem function, we can map potential ecoevolutionary implications of emerging patterns of urban agglomerations and uncover insights for maintaining key ecosystem functions upon which the sustainability of human wellbeing depends. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/global-urban-signatures-phenotypic-change-animal/docview/1946434052/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| The association between park facilities and the occurrence of physical activity during park visits | Stewart, Orion Theodore; Moudon, Anne Vernez; Littman, Alyson; Seto, Edmund; Saelens, Brian E. | JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH | 2018 | Journal Article | Prior research has found a positive relationship between the variety of park facilities and park-based physical activity (PA) but has not provided an estimate of the effect that additional different PA facilities have on whether an individual is active during a park visit. Using objective measures of park visits and PA from an urban sample of 225 adults in King County, Washington, we compared the variety of PA facilities in parks visited where an individual was active to PA facilities in parks where the same individual was sedentary. Each additional different PA facility at a park was associated with a 6% increased probability of being active during a visit. Adding different PA facilities to a park appears to have a moderate effect on whether an individual is active during a park visit, which could translate into large community health impacts when scaled up to multiple park visitors. | ACCELEROMETER DATA; BUILT ENVIRONMENT; WALKING; DENSITY; HEALTH; ADULTS; SIZE; GPS; ATTRACTIVENESS; IMPROVEMENTS | Measurement; parks; physical activity; quantitative research; urban planning | |
| Differences in Residential Energy Use between US City and Suburban Households | Estiri, Hossein | Regional Studies | 2016 | Journal Article | This paper applies path analysis to household-level data from the US residential sector to study differences in energy consumption between self-identified city and suburban households. Results show that, on average, suburban households consume more energy in residential buildings than their city-dweller counterparts. This variation in energy consumption is due to differences in: (1) characteristics of the household and the housing unit, independently, and (2) interactions between the household and housing characteristics in the city and suburban households. Findings of this study provide new insights into how regional policies can be implemented differently in suburbs and cities to reduce energy consumption. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/differences-residential-energy-use-between-us/docview/1818405313/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| The effect of impact fees on the price of new single-family housing. | Mathur, S; Waddell, P; Blanco, H | Urban Studies (Routledge) | 2004 | Journal Article | This paper provides new evidence on the effects of impact fees on housing prices, using an inventory of single-family housing sale transactions in the 38 cities and towns within King County, Washington, for the period 1991-2000. Although the effect of impact fees on housing prices has been examined previously, earlier studies have been limited by methodological deficiencies. This paper examines the effect of impact fees on new housing and their differential effect on housing price based on the quality of housing, and finds that the effect of impact fees on the price of new housing is quite significant and elastic, raising new home prices by about 166 per cent of the amount of the fee. The increase is 358 per cent for the higher-quality homes and is statistically insignificant for the lower-quality homes. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=13506757&site=ehost-live | ||
| Urban democracy and the local trap | Purcell, Mark | Urban Studies (Routledge) | 2006 | Journal Article | This paper argues against the local trap-the tendency to assume that the local scale is preferable to other scales. The local trap is an important problem in the recent explosion of research on urban democracy and citizenship. The paper highlights one strain of that literature, the work on 'the right to the city'. It is argued that the right to the city is highly susceptible to the local trap, although it is not inherently so. As we continue to search for innovative new ideas like the right to the city that can help to democratise cities, it is critical to think carefully and strategically about scale. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=22675424&site=ehost-live | ||
| A TAXONOMY OF SUBURBAN OFFICE CLUSTERS - THE CASE OF TORONTO | PIVO, G | URBAN STUDIES | 1993 | Journal Article | Metropolitan plans are commonly based on a system of suburban office clusters. The large variation among recent plans suggests a poor understanding of their nature and impacts. A taxonomy of office clusters could provide a necessary framework. Six hypotheses on the type, frequency, location, employment base and travel characteristics of suburban clusters were tested in a case-study of the Toronto region. Six physical types were identified and found to be associated with certain locations, employment activities and travel mode characteristics. The Toronto metropolitan plan was found to be successful when it conformed with these findings and unsuccessful when it did not. The results lead to provisional guidelines for future metropolitan plans. | |||
| Building Watershed Narratives: An Approach for Broadening the Scope of Success in Urban Stream Restoration | Yocom, Ken | LANDSCAPE RESEARCH | 2014 | Journal Article | The success of urban stream restoration is often measured through biophysical attributes, or the progress towards restoration of a notionally intact section of landscape. What remains understudied is how success can be defined across social, economic, as well as ecological parameters. This research offers a narrative approach for urban restoration research that serves as a chronotope for untangling the biophysical and sociocultural complexities of the contemporary urban environment. The framework of this approach is presented through a case study of a recent stream restoration project in Seattle, Washington. The findings highlight the need for urban stream restoration processes to be grounded within a sociocultural context that is interdependent with biophysical conditions, and recommends measures of project success to include community, educational and participatory goals. | RIVER RESTORATION; LANDSCAPE; MANAGEMENT; CATCHMENT; SYSTEMS; HISTORY; PEOPLE | Restoration; Success; Watershed; Narrative; Urban | |
| Minimum performance bounds for evaluating contractors performance during construction of highway pavement projects | Aziz, Ahmed M. Abdel(1) | Construction Management and Economics | 2008 | Journal Article | For project control during construction, evaluating the performance of contractors is usually established through progress measurement that compares the actual performance to the planned performance. Corrective actions and/or performance penalties are then established as relative measures that judge the actual performance based on current project plans without considering the performance of other similar projects or the lowest performance that projects could reach while still being successful. To establish a generalized benchmark measure and a non-project-specific project control tool, the concept of minimum performance bounds is explained in relation to their development for highway pavement projects. The bounds were developed using constrained-parameters polynomial regression and cluster analysis for a sample of 497 highway pavement projects in Washington State. Minimum bounds for small, medium and large projects were fairly distinguishable signifying the project size effect on the location and shape of performance bounds. Bounds were also developed for projects classified by asphalt quantities, contract values, project duration and project length, being the common criteria used by highway agencies. Owners would use the minimum performance bounds as control tools when requesting corrective actions, establishing incentives, imposing performance penalties, initiating a default clause for substandard performance, and/ or in pre-qualifying contractors for new projects. | Cluster analysis - Contractors - Highway planning - Pavements - Regression analysis | Cash flow forecasting - Constrained-parameters polynomial regression | |
| Multifaceted public outreach and cost-benefit analysis for its effectiveness validation | Choi, Kunhee(1); Lee, Eul-Bum(2); Ibbs, C. William(3); Kim, Yong-Woo(4) | Construction Management and Economics | 2009 | Journal Article | A heavily trafficked 4.5km highway stretch on Interstate 15 east of Los Angeles was rebuilt using two extended closures, each spanning nine days with 24/7 operations. Before and during the closures, a multifaceted, extensive, dynamic public outreach programme was implemented to gain public support for the project and to minimize inconvenience to the public. That outreach programme is described, its overall effectiveness in terms of total net benefit and traffic inconvenience during lane closures is assessed, and changes in public perception of the accelerated construction strategy resulting from the outreach programme is examined. Pre- and post-construction surveys performed using the project website mirrored the findings of the traffic measurement study, indicating that the outreach programme effectively reduced traffic demand. The results of two web-based surveys with a combined total of approximately 400 respondents indicated a dramatic change in public perception of the accelerated construction strategy. The survey results showed that strong initial objection to the accelerated project eventually became supportive of future, accelerated projects. The cost-benefit analysis showed that the additional cost of the outreach programme was outweighed by the savings achieved from reduced road user delay costs. © 2009 Taylor & Francis. | Surveys - Websites | Accelerated constructions - Infrastructure managements - Overall effectiveness - Project strategy - Public outreaches - Public perception - Traffic measurements - Web-based system | |
| A case study of activity-based costing in allocating rebar fabrication costs to projects | Kim, Yong-Woo(1); Han, Seungheon(2); Shin, Sungwon(2); Choi, Kunhee(3) | Construction Management and Economics | 2011 | Journal Article | How to improve cost allocation for reinforced steel bar (rebar) is an ongoing topic of debate among construction manufacturers and contractors. Traditionally, many fabrication shops have used a single overhead-cost pool accounting system. However, a new costing method, activity-based costing (ABC), may provide more advantages than the traditional system. In this case study, a single overhead-cost pool system is compared with the ABC method to demonstrate how ABC improves cost allocation and provides other benefits. The case study findings indicate that ABC provides such benefits as (1) accurate manufacturing costs; (2) cost information on processes; and (3) information on cost drivers. This paper also bridges the construction and cost accounting literature. Our study contributes to the construction management literature by offering a different cost allocation method to refine fabrication costs assigned to projects. The findings are expected to serve as a reference for industry professionals who recognize the shortcomings of a traditional single overheadcost pool system and are in need of a more accurate costing system. © 2011 Taylor & Francis. | Bridges - Costs - Fabrication - Lakes - Project management - Rebar | Accounting system - Activity based costing - Construction management - Fabrication shops - Industry professionals - Manufacturing cost - Overhead costs - Traditional systems | |
| An exploratory study of the relationship between construction workforce physical strain and task level productivity | Gatti, Umberto C.(1); Migliaccio, Giovanni C.(1); Bogus, Susan M.(2); Schneider, Suzanne(3) | Construction Management and Economics | 2014 | Journal Article | The monitoring of construction workforce physical strain can be a valuable management strategy in improving workforce productivity, safety, health, and quality of work. Nevertheless, clear relationships between workforce performance and physical strain have yet to be established. An exploratory investigation of the relationship between task level productivity and physical strain was conducted. Nine participants individually performed a four-hour simulated construction task while a wearable physiological status monitor continuously assessed their physiological condition. Heart rate, relative heart rate, and breathing rate were utilized as predictors of physical strain, and task level-single factor productivity was used as an index of productivity. Numerous regression models were generated using the collected data. This investigation initially unsuccessfully attempted to establish a relationship between physiological condition and productivity at the individual worker level. However, an analysis of the regression models showed that there is a relationship between productivity and either heart rate or relative heart rate at the group level, and that this relationship is parabolic. Breathing rate was proved to not be a significant predictor of productivity. Research results significantly improve understanding of the relationship between work physiology and task productivity. Researchers and practitioners may use the tested monitoring devices, analysis methods, and results to design further applied studies and to improve workforce productivity. © 2013 © 2013 Taylor & Francis. | Heart - Industrial hygiene - Occupational risks - Personnel - Regression analysis | Construction workforces - Management strategies - Occupational health and safety - Operations management - Physiological condition - Physiological status monitors - Work physiology - workforce | |
| Addressing Correctional Staff Stress through Interaction with Nature: A New Role for Occupational Therapy. | Wagenfeld, Amy; Stevens, Julie; Toews, Barb; Jarzembowski, Sarah; Ladjahasan, Nora; Stewart, Jade; Raddatz, Chanel | Occupational Therapy in Mental Health | 2018 | Journal Article | Correctional staff are at risk for high levels of stress, and interaction with nature may buffer this stress. This descriptive study explored a relationship between interaction with nature and self-perception of stress for correctional system staff. Results showed that correctional staff experience stress and, in small numbers, use time outdoors to cope with that stress. The majority of correctional staff surveyed would like an outside decompression area at their institution, especially those who use outdoor time as a coping strategy and those who go outside during work breaks. The implications of these findings for occupational therapy are discussed. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=132082545&site=ehost-live | ||
| UrbanSim - Modeling urban development for land use, transportation, and environmental planning | Waddell, P | JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION | 2002 | Journal Article | Metropolitan areas have come under intense pressure to respond to federal mandates to link planning of land use, transportation, and environmental quality; and from citizen concerns about managing the side effects of growth such as sprawl, congestion, housing affordability, and loss of open space. The planning models used by metropolitan planning organizations were generally not designed to address these issues, creating a gap in the ability of planners to systematically assess them. UrbanSim is a new model system that was developed to respond to these emerging requirements and has now been applied in three metropolitan areas. This article describes the model system and its application to Eugene-Springfield, Oregon. | FUTURES MODEL | ||
| When to Partner for Public Infrastructure? | Whittington, Jan | Journal of the American Planning Association | 2012 | Journal Article | Problem, research strategy, and findings: Public agencies traditionally request bids and award contracts to private firms after infrastructure designs are complete (bid-build). They also increasingly partner with private firms, often by folding capital improvements into a contract to design and build (design-build). The latter involves much more than the mere transfer of design work to the private sector, such as time to completion; the merits or problems of design-build strategies can, thus, be difficult to isolate. This article presents a method for doing so. Together with the development of a theory of contracting, the comparative analysis of two very similar highway overpass projects, one design-build and the other bid-build, demonstrates how so-called transaction cost economics can clarify the details of partnership cost-effectiveness. Takeaway for practice: Transaction cost analysis disaggregates and evaluates the costs of completed projects, accounting for factors typically external to economic analysis. My approach reveals tradeoffs between variables of interest to planners, such as the pace of delivery, public participation, environmental compliance, and the transfer of risk of cost overrun to the private sector. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=79987954&site=ehost-live | ||
| Integrated environmental zoning - An innovative Dutch approach to measuring and managing environmental spillovers in urban regions | Miller, D; deRoo, G | JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION | 1996 | Journal Article | The Dutch development of Integrated Environmental Zoning is an advanced effort to account cumulatively for several environmental spillovers from manufacturing, and to manage their impacts on surrounding residential areas. This national policy initiative involves mapping the spatial patterns of pollution within urban areas, information that informs the development of abatement programs and of land-use regulations to locate manufacturing activities and housing in a sustainable manner. In eleven pilot projects testing this system, it has met with enthusiasm but also aroused public concern over identified cases of acute pollution, and political controversy over the required mitigation measures. | |||
| Field evaluation of permeable pavement systems for improved stormwater management | Booth, DB; Leavitt, J | JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION | 1999 | Journal Article | The contribution of impervious surfaces to the disrupted runoff processes in an urban watershed is overwhelming. Nearly all the problems ultimately result from the loss of the water-retaining function of the soil in the urban landscape. Traditional solutions for stormwater management have not been widely successful; in contrast, permeable pavements can be one element of a more promising alternative approach to reduce the downstream consequences of urban development. We report on a constructed experimental Facility for measuring water quantity and water quality from four different permeable parking surfaces. Preliminary results demonstrate similar runoff performances of the surfaces relative to each other, and significant attenuation of runoff relative to traditional asphalt. | GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; URBANIZATION; RUNOFF | ||
| The aesthetics of city-scale preservation policy in Beijing. | Abramson, Daniel Benjamin | Planning Perspectives | 2007 | Journal Article | Chinese cities today represent a historically important case of the relation between city-scale preservation policy and urban design, and the role they play in the rapid transformation of urban environments. This article reviews Beijing's preservation and urban design policies as they existed in 1990, and as they evolved and responded over the following fifteen years of radical change. Beijing's master plan in the 1990s ambitiously attempted to define the preservation-worthy image of the entire old city, but did so in narrowly picturesque terms. The practice of 'protecting' designated historic structures by clearing the space around them, and the dependence on a totalizing view-from-on-high to define Beijing's overall characteristic form (as opposed to an experience of the city from its myriad public and private spaces), produced a city-wide preservation policy that was particularly handicapped in its ability to accommodate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]; Copyright of Planning Perspectives is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=24404418&site=ehost-live | URBAN planning; URBAN policy; HISTORIC structures; PRESERVATION of historic sites; BEIJING (China); CHINA | |
| Beyond Le Corbusier and the modernist city: reframing Chandigarh's ‘World Heritage’ legacy. | Chalana, Manish; Sprague, Tyler S. | Planning Perspectives | 2013 | Journal Article | The heritage of Chandigarh, India is a complex subject. While widely acknowledged by academic and professional communities worldwide as a significant work of modernist architecture and urban design, Chandigarh's specific temporal, geographical and cultural contexts complicate efforts to get the city inscribed on United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization's World Heritage List. This article outlines the persistent attempts by both local and international organizations to achieve this inscription, efforts that have not yet been successful. Relying on historical scholarship and fieldwork, the authors reassess the value of Chandigarh's heritage both in terms of historical significance and contemporary planning. By addressing the complexity and scope of the design and planning process, embracing the inhabitation and appropriation of the city, and fostering an appreciation of modern architecture, Chandigarh can develop a more localized understanding of heritage yet one that can be appreciated worldwide. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=87479262&site=ehost-live | ||
| The geographic and sociodemographic transformation of multifamily rental housing in the Texas Triangle. | Walter, Rebecca J.; Caine, Ian | Housing Studies | 2019 | Journal Article | This study catalogues the location, clustering and sociodemographic distribution of the development of multifamily rental housing over the last five decades in the Texas Triangle, one of the fastest growing megaregions in the United States. The research reveals prior to the 1970s, apartments clustered in downtown areas; throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the development of apartments expanded to the suburbs and along major interstates; and in the 2000s, apartment growth continued in the peripheral areas while returning downtown. During this time period, apartments were developed most often in majority white, high-income and low-poverty neighbourhoods. These geographic and sociodemographic characteristics challenge widespread conceptions that equate multifamily rental housing with central city locations and low-income populations. The findings suggest that multifamily rental housing offers a powerful tool to increase residential density in downtown and suburban locations, while also accommodating a sociodemographically diverse population. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/geographic-sociodemographic-transformation/docview/2249695111/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| The effect of market conditions on the housing outcomes of subsidized households: the case of the US voucher programme. | Colburn, Gregg | Housing Studies | 2019 | Journal Article | Since being created in the 1970s, housing vouchers have become the primary mode of federal housing support for low-income households in the US. The voucher programme was designed to provide recipients with the mobility needed to secure higher quality housing in neighbourhoods of their choice. Decades of analysis suggest that the programme has failed to produce the favourable outcomes envisioned by policymakers. To add to our understanding of the outcomes of this important federal programme, this paper seeks to underscore the importance of context-dependent policy analysis. In particular, this study analyses the impact of housing market conditions on the outcomes achieved by voucher recipients. Using neighbourhood and housing outcome data from the American Housing Survey, and median rent and rental market vacancy data, this paper demonstrates the important role that market conditions play in programme outcomes. The results from this study suggest that voucher recipients are successful at improving housing unit quality outcomes regardless of market conditions, but the ability to move to a better neighbourhood is a function of vacancy rates. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/effect-market-conditions-on-housing-outcomes/docview/2279758671/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Korean apartment complexes and social relationships of the residents. | Gu, Naeun | Housing Studies | 2020 | Journal Article | Korean apartment housing, where more than half of the population lives, has drawn attention with its spatial, historical, and cultural uniqueness. Among many questions on Korean apartments, this article explains how the socio-spatial characteristics of apartment housing have impacts on the social relationships among the residents. This article first analyses the historical, socio-cultural, and spatial characteristics of Korean apartments, and then synthesizes up-to-date empirical study results to examine how the diverse characteristics can be associated with the residents' social relations. The empirical evidence clarifies the effects of Korean apartments' characteristics on residents' social relations-the exclusive complex design, spatial configurations, shared spaces including community facilities, heights of the units, public/private housing types, social homogeneity, and community programs are all associated with social relations of the residents. Key methodological problems in current studies as well as implications for future apartment planning are highlighted. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/korean-apartment-complexes-social-relationships/docview/2430977298/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| The use of markets in housing policy: a comparative analysis of housing subsidy programs. | Colburn, Gregg | Housing Studies | 2021 | Journal Article | Many countries use demand-side housing subsidies to support low-income households. Unlike public or social housing programs, demand-side subsidies require recipients to enter the private market to use their benefits. The focus of this study is the experiences of assisted households in the private housing market and the outcomes they achieve. Given the link between policy design and program outcomes and because all housing subsidy programs are not created equal, one might expect the experiences and outcomes of recipients to also vary. To examine this relationship, using data from national housing surveys, this study analyzes cross-national variation in housing support programs and compares the housing and neighbourhood outcomes of subsidized households in the US, the UK, and the Netherlands. The findings of this study highlight that market context and policy design are associated with housing outcomes. In particular, the strong tenant supports and favourable design of housing assistance in the Netherlands is associated with favourable outcomes for subsidized households. In the US and the UK, subsidized households, in general, underperform their unsubsidized peers. This article underscores the importance of institutional context and program design when public assistance programs require recipients to enter the private market to use a benefit. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/use-markets-housing-policy-comparative-analysis/docview/2476820385/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| To Inhabit Well: Counterhegemonic Movements and the Right to the City | Purcell, Mark | URBAN GEOGRAPHY | 2013 | Journal Article | A right to the city, understood as a conjoint claim to a right to inhabit urban space well, can be an effective starting point from which diverse urban movements can begin to build broad counterhegemonic coalitions for alternative urban futures. In this article, I argue that the right to the city supports the project of establishing relations of equivalence among members of coalitions--balancing relations of sameness/difference and interdependence/autonomy. | right to the city; urban social movements; autogestion; urban politics | ||
| Phasic metropolitan settlers: a phase-based model for the distribution of households in US metropolitan regions | Estiri, Hossein; Krause, Andy; Heris, Mehdi P. | URBAN GEOGRAPHY | 2015 | Journal Article | In this article, we develop a model for explaining spatial patterns in the distribution of households across metropolitan regions in the United States. First, we use housing consumption and residential mobility theories to construct a hypothetical probability distribution function for the consumption of housing services across three phases of household life span. We then hypothesize a second probability distribution function for the offering of housing services based on the distance from city center(s) at the metropolitan scale. Intersecting the two hypothetical probability functions, we develop a phase-based model for the distribution of households in US metropolitan regions. We argue that phase one households (young adults) are more likely to reside in central city locations, whereas phase two and three households are more likely to select suburban locations, due to their respective housing consumption behaviors. We provide empirical validation of our theoretical model with the data from the 2010 US Census for 35 large metropolitan regions. | RESIDENTIAL-MOBILITY; LIFE-COURSE; HOUSING CONSUMPTION; FAMILY; SATISFACTION; MIGRATION; GEOGRAPHY; CONTEXT; AGE | distribution patterns; US metropolitan regions; housing consumption; household | |
| Planning in the spirit of Deleuze and Guattari? Considering community-based food projects in the United States and Mexico | Purcell, Mark; Born, Branden | URBAN GEOGRAPHY | 2017 | Journal Article | In this article we argue that planning theory and practice should engage more with the normative political vision of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari. They reject the transcendent authority of the State and arguably by extension, planning. As planners we should be concerned: need we reconceptualize, or abandon the planning project? We outline their vision, highlighting key concepts including lines of flight, revolution, the new land, and immanent organization, and use two cases from the United States and Mexico, the Food Commons and Center for Integral Farmer Development in the Mixteca, to show that planning in accordance with Deleuze and Guattari may indeed be possible. We end with questions: is what we describe planning? And what is planning - or what should it be? | Deleuze and Guattari; planning theory; Mexico; food systems | ||
| For John Dewey (and very much also for contemporary critical theory) | Purcell, Mark | URBAN GEOGRAPHY | 2017 | Journal Article | ||||
| The residential segregation of San Antonio, Texas in 1910: an analysis of ethno-racial and occupational spatial patterns with the colocation quotient | Cordoba, Hilton A.; Walter, Rebecca J.; Foote, Nathan S. | URBAN GEOGRAPHY | 2018 | Journal Article | The segregation of cities can be traced to a time when the compartmentalization of space and people was based on factors other than race. In segregation research, one of the limiting factors has always been the geographic scale of the data, and the limited knowledge that exists of segregation patterns when the household is the unit of analysis. Historical census data provides the opportunity to analyze the disaggregated information, and this paper does so with San Antonio during 1910. A spatial analysis of residential segregation based on race, ethnicity, and occupations is carried out with the colocation quotient to map and measure the attraction of residents. Results reveal the presence of residential segregation patterns on different sectors of the city based on households' ethno-racial and occupational attributes; therefore, providing evidence of the existence of residential segregation prior to the commonly cited determinants of segregation of the 20th century. | HOUSING TAX CREDIT; LOCAL INDICATORS; NEW-YORK; ASSOCIATION; INDEXES; CITIES; SCALE; CITY; DIFFERENTIATION; ENVIRONMENT | Residential segregation; colocation quotient; San Antonio; spatial analysis | |
| Parking Policies in China’s Metropolises: Rationales, Consequences, and Implications. | Liu, Qian; Chen, Peng; Sun, Feiyang | Urban Policy & Research | 2018 | Journal Article | Metropolises in China, a rapidly motorizing nation, are confronted with the challenge of managing parking pressures. Given the generally increased affordability of cars, most local authorities are making efforts to provide more parking spaces to accommodate additional cars. Although the worldwide paradigm of managing parking is shifting from a supply-focused approach to a restraint mind-set, China has been slow to follow this trend. To untangle the factors that contribute to delays implementing desirable parking policy reforms, this paper examines the development of parking policies in China. This paper characterizes the challenge of parking in Chinese cities as a spatio-temporal mismatch. In the context of rapid motorization, local authorities are subject to political pressure to cater to the increased parking demand by increasing the minimum parking requirements. However, this approach fails to mitigate parking shortages and results in unintended consequences, including relatively high parking density in central and transit-rich areas and imbalanced parking across neighbourhoods. This paper suggests four strategies, including market-based pricing, geographically differentiated supply regulations, and district-based parking management (Parking management is referred to as various policies and programs that result in more efficient use of parking resources). These strategies represent policy-reform targets to establish more efficient parking systems in rapidly motorizing urban settings worldwide. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/parking-policies-chinas-metropolises-rationales/docview/2082819582/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| ON A CLEAR DAY IN OGUNQUIT, MAINE | SCHAUMAN, S | COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT JOURNAL | 1982 | Journal Article | ||||
| House Price Dynamics and Bank Herding: European Empirical Evidence | Martins, Antonio Miguel; Serra, Ana Paula; Martins, Francisco Vitorino; Stevenson, Simon | JOURNAL OF REAL ESTATE RESEARCH | 2020 | Journal Article | This paper examines house price dynamics, bank herding behavior, and the linkages between them. The analysis presented indicates that prior to the financial crisis, non-fundamental factors played a significant role in several European countries, including the United Kingdom, Spain, Denmark, Sweden, and Ireland. We also provide evidence indicative of herding behavior in the residential mortgage loan market. Finally, Granger causality tests show that non-fundamentally justified price dynamics contributed to the herding displayed by lenders and that this behavior was a response by banks as a group to common information on residential property assets. | BUBBLES; MARKET; BEHAVIOR; FUNDAMENTALS; CONSTRAINTS; POLICY; MODEL | House prices; mortgages; price bubble; herding behavior | |
| The impact of make-ready process on project cost performance in heavy civil construction projects | Kim, Yong-Woo | Production Planning & Control. The Management of Operations | 2019 | Journal Article | The research investigates the relationship between the production plan reliability and the project cost performance using project data in the heavy civil construction sector. The research also investigates the attributes of a make-ready process using the statistical analysis. This study shows that production planning reliability (i.e. Per cent Constraint Removal (PCR) and Per cent Plan Complete (PPC)) and project cost performance (CPI) are significantly correlated in the heavy construction projects. The findings show that there is a more significant correlation between production planning reliability and project cost performance in project-scaled data than in monthly scaled data. They suggest that there is a time-lag between when the variance of workflow occurs and when the workflow variance impacts on the project cost performance. The result of the analysis also shows that the measure of make-ready process, PCR, has a more significant correlation with the project cost performance than the measure of weekly plan reliability, PPC. | CM | ||
| The Determinants of Executive Compensation in US REITs: Performance vs. Corporate Governance Factors | Ascherl, Claudia;Schrand, Liesa;Schaefers, Wolfgang;Dermisi, Sofia | Journal of Property Research | 2019 | Journal Article | The paper examines whether executive compensation packages within the US REIT industry are determined merely by performance or also by CEO power mechanisms that have an essential influence on board-level negotiations. We offer original insights into management compensation arrangements during and after the financial crisis. The relative importance of cash bonuses in CEO compensation contracts has more than halved after the crisis. Simultaneously, after the financial crisis, equity-based compensation became increasingly important. Concerning the pay-for-performance link, our results show no relationship during the financial crisis. However, after the crisis, we find a strong significant link between remuneration packages and corporate success. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/determinants-executive-compensation-us-reits/docview/2324809887/se-2?accountid=14784 | Executive compensation , Chief executive officers , Negotiations , Compensation , Packages , Crises , Economic crisis , Corporate governance , Compensation , United States--US | |
| Neighbourhood design and physical activity | Lee, Chanam; Moudon, Anne Vernez | BUILDING RESEARCH AND INFORMATION | 2008 | Journal Article | Health problems related to physical inactivity have become a global health challenge affecting people from the full spectrum of income, age, and ethnicity. This paper examines if neighbourhood environments are associated with physical activity, especially walking and cycling. It analyses 608 respondent survey data from Washington State in the US and Geographic Information System-derived measures of the neighbourhood environment. Respondents reported traffic volume to be the most significant barrier, and good lighting to be the most important facilitator of walking and cycling. Utilitarian destinations, such as grocery stores, restaurants, retail stores and convenience stores, were significant correlates of walking and moderate-intensity physical activities, while housing type, sports facility and transportation infrastructure were correlated with vigorous physical activities. Active people rated higher for their neighbourhood attributes including safety, visual quality, knowing neighbours, seeing many other people walking and cycling, and the availability of sports facilities, parks, and bike racks. Simple interventions such as street lighting, pavements/sidewalks, street trees, benches, bike lanes or trails, bike racks, and traffic-calming devices appeared to hold some promise in promoting physical activities in neighbourhoods. Long-term solutions should include strategies to enhance overall aesthetics, safety, accessibility, street connectivity, and social interactions among neighbours. | URBAN FORM; BUILT ENVIRONMENT; COMMUNITY DESIGN; UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; WALKING; HEALTH; TRANSPORTATION; TRAVEL; ASSOCIATION | active living; built environment; cycling; design; health; neighbourhood; physical activity; public health; spatial configuration; urban design; walking; well-being | |
| Disruptive information exchange requirements in construction projects: perception and response patterns | Abdirad, Hamid; Dossick, Carrie S.; Johnson, Brian R.; Migliaccio, Giovanni | Building Research and Information | 2021 | Journal Article | The current proliferation of custom information exchange initiatives in projects disrupts information exchange routines of design and construction firms. This paper investigates how firms perceive, interpret, and act upon information exchange requirements that do not align with their existing routines. This case study examines a construction project for which the owner specified highly custom requirements for digital production and delivery of project submittals. Using ethnographic methods, the project parties' existing routines and their patterns of perceiving and responding to the requirements were identified. These patterns showed that the parties perceived disruptions to the existing dispositions and rules that guided their routines and shaped their performance across projects. The project parties used a combination of deductive, inductive, and abductive reasoning mechanisms to interpret the requirements, expose the inefficiencies associated with their workflows, and set new ground rules for action. The grounded propositions in this study hold that the limited opportunities for inductive reasoning and reflective assessment of workflows in projects can press project parties into identifying alternative workflows through cognitive search and abductive reasoning. This, in turn, results in highly situated, temporary, and fragmented workflows that are not durable and effective to contribute to refinement of existing information exchange routines. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/disruptive-information-exchange-requirements/docview/2484699117/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Measuring neighbourhood air pollution: the case of Seattle's international district. | Bassok, Alon; Hurvitz, Phil M.; Bae, C-H. Christine; Larson, Timothy | Journal of Environmental Planning & Management | 2010 | Journal Article | Current US regulatory air quality monitoring networks measure ambient levels of pollutants and cannot capture the effects of mobile sources at the micro-scale. Despite the fact that overall air quality has been getting better, more vulnerable populations (children, the elderly, minorities and the poor) continue to suffer from traffic-related air pollution. As development intensifies in urban areas, more people are exposed to road-related air pollution. However, the only consideration given to air quality, if any, is based on ambient measures. This paper uses an inexpensive, portable Particle Soot Absorption Photometer (PSAP) to measure Black Carbon (BC) emissions, a surrogate for diesel fuels emissions, in Seattle's International District. With the aid of a GPS receiver, street-level BC data were geocoded in real space-time. It was found that pollution levels differed substantially across the study area. The results show the need for street-level air pollution monitoring, revisions in current land use and transportation policies, and air quality planning practice. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=47307271&site=ehost-live | ||
| Case studies in co-benefits approaches to climate change mitigation and adaptation. | Spencer, Benjamin; Lawler, Josh; Lowe, Celia; Thompson, LuAnne; Hinckley, Tom; Kim, Soo-Hyung; Bolton, Susan; Meschke, Scott; Olden, Julian D.; Voss, Joachim | Journal of Environmental Planning & Management | 2017 | Journal Article | Attempts to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions or manage the effects of climate change traditionally focus on management or policy options that promote single outcomes (e.g., either benefiting ecosystems or human health and well-being). In contrast, co-benefits approaches to climate change mitigation and adaptation address climate change impacts on human and ecological health in tandem and on a variety of spatial and temporal scales. The article engages the concept of co-benefits through four case studies. The case studies emphasize co-benefits approaches that are accessible and tractable in countries with human populations that are particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts. They illustrate the potential of co-benefits approaches and provide a platform for further discussion of several interdependent principles relevant to the implementation of co-benefits strategies. These principles include providing incentives across multiple scales and time frames, promoting long-term integrated impact assessment, and fostering multidimensional communication networks. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/case-studies-co-benefits-approaches-climate/docview/1867531183/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Seattle, the Pacific Basin, and the Sources of Regional Modernism | Ochsner, Jeffrey Karl | FABRICATIONS-THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIANS AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND | 2016 | Journal Article | The emergence of mid-twentieth-century architecture that was both modern and regional in Seattle and nearby areas of Washington State presents a singular case study demonstrating an array of influences from Asia and Latin America as well as the Pacific Coast of the United States. This network of influences is evidence of the complexity of a dissemination that gained momentum in the 1930s as the modern movement began to spread globally, as identified by historian William J. R. Curtis. Although awareness of distant sources primarily influenced design vocabularies from the 1930s to the 1950s in the Pacific Northwest, by the early 1960s, as Seattle architects and landscape architects began to travel to Japan, they developed a much deeper understanding from a broader collection of sites, and this, in turn, shaped surprisingly varied local responses from Rich Haag's ideas of non-striving design to Victor Steinbrueck's increasing interest in Pike Place Market. Untangling the array of Pacific Basin influences that helped shape mid-twentieth-century design in Seattle provides one demonstration of the validity of considering the Pacific as an interdependent region. Thus, Seattle offers a foundational case study towards the future project of writing an encompassing account of the interconnected architectural history of the Pacific Basin. | |||
| To move or not to move: Relationships to place and relocation choices in HOPE VI | Kleit, Rachel Garshick; Manzo, Lynne C. | HOUSING POLICY DEBATE | 2006 | Journal Article | As the HOPE VI (Housing Opportunities for People Everywhere) program redevelops public housing, residents must relocate. Little is known about how they make the choice to stay or to go, if they are given one. Survey interviews with 200 residents of Seattle's High Point HOPE VI project provide the data to address four questions about such moves. First, what factors predict residents' initial choice to stay on site during redevelopment or to move permanently away? Second, how does the initial choice predict actual behavior? Third; what is the role of place attachment and place dependence on residents' relocation choices? Fourth, what is the role of other trade-offs in decision making? Findings suggest that family situations and place-dependent considerations shape initial relocation preferences of public housing residents and that their family situations may be a more important influence on the actual move. Implications for the HOPE VI program are discussed. | RESIDENTIAL SATISFACTION | community development and revitalization; low-income housing; mobility | |
| Consolidating ZIP Codes for Small Area Fair Market Rents: A Method for Implementing the New Rule | Walter, Rebecca J. | Housing Policy Debate | 2018 | Journal Article | Fair Market Rents (FMRs), calculated for an entire metropolitan region, are used to establish payment standards for the Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) program. In response to recent criticism that FMRs do not represent rent disparity and restrict households from moving to high-opportunity areas, a new rule introducing Small Area Fair Market Rents (SAFMRs) has been issued. SAFMRs are based on ZIP codes to reflect local market rents and increase the number of payment standards used to administer the HCV program. The purpose of this research is to determine whether the number of payment standards can be reduced by consolidating ZIP codes, while adhering to the primary objectives of the SAFMR rule. The ZIP code grouping process conducted offers one method for reducing the number of payment standards needed to implement the new rule; however, the rent analysis reveals the over- and underestimation of SAFMRs for some ZIP codes. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/consolidating-zip-codes-small-area-fair-market/docview/2043767083/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Accessing Homeownership With Credit Constraints | Acolin, Arthur; Goodman, Laurie; Wachter, Susan M. | Housing Policy Debate | 2019 | Journal Article | The tightening of mortgage credit in the aftermath of the global financial crisis has been identified as a factor in the decline of homeownership in the United States to 50-year lows. In this article, we review findings about the role of borrowing constraints and tightened credit in lowering access to homeownership. We also discuss how institutional changes could hinder or support this access going forward. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/accessing-homeownership-with-credit-constraints/docview/2157718677/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Section 8 Vouchers and Rent Limits: Do Small Area Fair Market Rent Limits Increase Access to Opportunity Neighborhoods? An Early Evaluation | Reina, Vincent; Acolin, Arthur; Bostic, Raphael W. | Housing Policy Debate | 2019 | Journal Article | One critique of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)'s Housing Choice Voucher program is that its maximum rent limit is set at the metropolitan level, making more expensive neighborhoods effectively off limits to households who receive rental assistance. As a result, the design of the program limits a voucher household's access to opportunity neighborhood. In response, HUD created the Small Area Fair Market Rent (SAFMR) demonstration program, which calculates the maximum voucher rent at the zip code level so that HUD's rent limits more closely align with local neighborhood rents. In theory, this program should improve a voucher household's choice set and location outcomes. Looking at changes in the location of beneficiaries in the six sites that participated in the SAFMR demonstration program, we find a significant amount of regional variation in the results. Specifically, introduction of the SAFMR rent calculations results in voucher households living in higher opportunity neighborhoods in Dallas, Texas, in lower opportunity neighborhoods in Chattanooga, Tennessee, and mixed effects in other areas. These mixed results highlight some of the potential incremental benefits of the program and reinforce the importance of viewing this policy over a longer period of time, and in the context of other constraints voucher households face in accessing neighborhood opportunity. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/section-8-vouchers-rent-limits-do-small-area-fair/docview/2157717054/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Transitioning to Homeownership: Asset Building for Low- and Moderate-Income Households | Acolin, Arthur;Ramiller, Alex;Walter, Rebecca J;Thompson, Samantha;Wang, Ruoniu | Housing Policy Debate | 2021 | Journal Article | This article assesses the asset building of households that take part in shared-equity homeownership (SEH) models. The contribution of this article is a comparison of outcomes for households participating in shared-equity programs with other low- and moderate-income households who rent or own properties without restrictions on appreciation. We matched participants in SEH programs to households with similar characteristics from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) over the 1997–2017 period. The findings indicate that in real terms, median SEH homeowners accumulated about $1,700 in housing wealth annually or around $10,000 during their holding period. This amount is lower than the $2,100 median annual gain in home equity experienced by similar PSID owners but statistically and economically significantly larger than the $16 in annual gain experienced by similar PSID renters. The findings provide evidence that households participating in SEH programs experienced positive, but modest, wealth gains that were slightly lower than those of homeowners in unrestricted units but substantially higher than those of renters. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/transitioning-homeownership-asset-building-low/docview/2604997876/se-2?accountid=14784 | Staphylococcal enterotoxin H , Appreciation , Households , Households , Property , Wealth , Income , Wealth , Housing , Housing , Income , Dynamic tests , Home ownership , Households , Assets , Property , Tenants , Equity , Households , Owners , Home ownership , Housing , Equity | |
| Housing Wealth and Consumption Over the 2001–2013 Period: The Role of the Collateral Channel. | Acolin, Arthur | Journal of Housing Research | 2020 | Journal Article | This study estimates changes in the relationship between housing wealth and consumption among homeowners during the recent housing boom and bust in the United States, focusing on the period 2001-2007, during which house prices increased and financial innovations led to an increased availability of products enabling households to extract home equity; and on the period 2007-2013, during which house prices declined and home equity withdrawal products became largely unavailable. The estimated elasticity of consumption with regard to housing wealth increased in 2004 and 2007 (.06) relative to 2001 (.04). The estimated elasticities then decreased in 2010 and 2013 (to below .04). In addition, the increase was larger among borrowing constrained households than unconstrained households. No relationship between housing prices and consumption was found among renters. These additional tests for subpopulations support the hypothesis that the increase in consumption out of housing wealth occurred through the collateral channel. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/housing-wealth-consumption-over-2001-2013-period/docview/2526904487/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Autonomous People: Identity, Agency, and Automated Driving | Dunn, Peter T. | JOURNAL OF URBAN TECHNOLOGY | 2021 | Journal Article | The prevailing discourse on autonomous vehicles (AVs) has not yet developed a sophisticated conceptualization of autonomy and has given insufficient attention to the autonomy of people. In response, this article shifts our attention away from the AV's autonomy and towards that of its user. Autonomy is conceived here as the socially and materially situated capacity of an individual to identify and act on one's own values and desires, a capacity that is desirable for collective political life. This definition is drawn selectively from a survey of thought illustrating the richness of this concept. I then examine how studies of transportation have already made use of certain themes of autonomy in understanding mobility practices beyond dominant utilitarian models. This sets up an examination of AVs, where the existing literature tends to use a narrow conceptualization of autonomy. I then briefly examine two examples of unsettled questions in AV development, discretionary user controls and shared ride systems, in light of autonomy. The goal of this article is both to show how autonomy can be productive in understanding mobility practices, and to argue for personal autonomy as a normative value worth pursuing in the technical, political, and social development of automated mobility systems. | CAR USE; VEHICLES; TRAVEL; ACCIDENTS; POLICY | Autonomy; agency; autonomous vehicles; mobility | |
| Measured and predicted thermal performance of a residential basement | Emery, A. F.; Heerwagen, D. R.; Kippenhan, C. J.; Steele, D. E. | HVAC&R RESEARCH | 2007 | Journal Article | This paper describes the measurement of ground and internal wall temperatures, local surface heat fluxes on the basement walls and floor, and overall heat losses for a concrete wall basement. The heat fluxes were measured with heat flux meters and mimic boxes. Daily and seasonal measured performances are displayed. A portion of the walls was covered with additional insulation. This allowed comparison of insulated and noninsulated basements and showed that a modest amount of insulation could reduce the annual heat loss by approximately 50%. The local fluxes are shown to vary significantly with depth, and the insulation was most effective when applied to the upper wall surface, which communicated with the ambient air through a relatively short path through the earth at near grade level. Temperature stratification effects are shown to be important, especially with respect to floor heat fluxes. | PARTIALLY INSULATED BASEMENTS; HEAT-TRANSFER; SYSTEMS | ||
| ARCHITECTURE DURING WARTIME: The Mostra d'Oltremare and Esposizione Universale di Roma | Mclaren, Brian L. | ARCHITECTURAL THEORY REVIEW | 2014 | Journal Article | This paper examines the architecture and planning of the Mostra d'Oltremare in Naplesa national display of colonial expansion that opened in May 1940and the Esposizione Universale di Romaan Olympics of Civilization that was proposed for 1942. These two major exhibitions will be studied in relation to Italy's violent and racially motivated Imperial politics. In the first case, it will closely examine the Villaggi indigeni (Indigenous village) of Italian East Africa, a scientific re-enactment of native constructions that became a space of violence and political confinement. In the second, it will study the Villaggio operaio (Workers' village), which, just like the larger exhibition grounds, was transformed into a site of military conflict during the war period. | |||
| The Consuming Mob: Bargain Shopping in the City | Iarocci, Louisa | ARCHITECTURAL THEORY REVIEW | 2019 | Journal Article | This paper examines the representation of the crowd as the consuming mob in the American department store in the early twentieth century. In store promotions and popular accounts, urban retail spaces provide the setting for the materialization of the crowd as the driving engine and mutated body of mass consumption. Store owners and their backers employed the image of shopping hordes on their premises as an advertisement for the success of modern trade. The department store served as a model of a rational utopian order in its operations and spaces. But in popular representations the growing assemblies of bodies and goods often appeared as a potentially unruly force that threatened the constraints of their surroundings. This paper will trace the path of the urban crowd as it flowed from the city streets into the inner recesses of the store, mapping narratives of shopping through the lenses of gender and class. | Crowds; department stores; shopping; city; consumption | ||
| Apolitical Interpretation of Islam: Said Nursi's Faith-Based Activism in Comparison with Political Islamism and Sufism | Kuru, Zeynep Akbulut; Kuru, Ahmet T. | ISLAM AND CHRISTIAN-MUSLIM RELATIONS | 2008 | Journal Article | In the aftermath of September 11, 2001, Islam has generally been represented in the media as a political ideology and some academics have over-emphasized this political image of Islam. These are not baseless speculations; there are several political Islamic groups worldwide. However, there are also many apolitical Islamic groups. This article analyzes one of the most influential apolitical Islamic movements in the world, the Nurcus, and its founder, Bediuzzaman Said Nursi. Nursi, the author of the Risale-i Nur collection, emphasized the ascetic aspect of Islam: 'Ninety-nine percent of Islam is about ethics, worship, the hereafter, and virtue. Only one percent is about politics; leave that to the rulers.' He also added, 'I seek refuge in God from Satan and [party] politics.' Through the analysis of Nursi's thought and activism, the article will try to answer the following questions: Was Nursi a Sufi? What are the theological and structural bases of Nursi's apolitical interpretation of Islam? What is the impact of the secular state in Turkey on the development of Nursi's apolitical outlook and activism? What does his apolitical understanding of Islam say to non-Turkish Muslims who do not live in a secular state? | |||
| Diverse approaches to the preservation of built vernacular heritage: case study of post-disaster reconstruction of the Xijie Historic District in Dujiangyan City, China. | Kou, Huaiyun; Chalana, Manish; Zhou, Jian | Journal of Architectural Conservation | 2020 | Journal Article | Preservation of the built vernacular heritage contributes to maintaining a 'sense of place' and cultural diversity; yet, it is often ignored in preservation practices that favour high styled architectures and monumental sites. In China, although the understanding of the value of vernacular expression has shown some progress, technical and methodological efforts are still necessary to address the diversity and complexity of vernacular heritage. In this paper, the Xijie Historic District in Dujiangyan City in China provides an example for the preservation of the built vernacular heritage in the context of neighbourhood revitalization during a post-earthquake reconstruction project. Five types of intervention are examined in this paper, including the repair and restoration of the monuments, restoration of historic buildings, rehabilitation of traditional houses, contextual design of new buildings, and demolition to provide public space and facilities. In particular, the measures implemented to meet the residents' needs while maintaining the diversity of the built vernacular heritage are inspected. This study concludes with three recommendations: the classification of vernacular environments and employment of diverse measures to each type; the adaptation of the vernacular environment to meet residents' expectations and aspirations; and recognition of the development and reasonable control of the changes. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=141822057&site=ehost-live | ||
| Rancière and revolution. | Purcell, Mark | Space & Polity | 2014 | Journal Article | This paper explores what role Rancière's work can play in the struggle for a more democratic world. It highlights the strength of Rancière's conception of democracy, which clearly identifies democracy as a popular disruption of the prevailing police order. This order claims to have assigned a proper role to all parts of society. Democracy for Rancière is when an element emerges that has not been taken account of and demonstrates the police order's claim to be false. Among the many benefits of this way of understanding democracy, it upsets any easy association between hegemony and democracy - as in Laclau & Mouffe - and it refuses utterly the ideological fiising of democracy, capitalism, and the state offered by the liberaldemocratic- capitalist consensus. However, Rancière's approach also introduces significant limits on democracy because it denies that democracy can ever do more than disrupt the prevailing order. It does not allow for the possibility that democracy can grow and spread to the point that it becomes pervasive in the polity. This paper uses the case of the Egyptian uprising to show how this limitation closes off important political possibilities. The paper argues that Deleuze & Guattari's theorisation of revolution, when used carefully, is a necessary corrective to Rancière's too-restricted concept of democracy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]; Copyright of Space & Polity is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=97099908&site=ehost-live | POLITICAL philosophy; DEMOCRACY; HEGEMONY; CAPITALISM; EGYPTIAN revolution, Egypt, 2011-; Deleuze; democracy; Guattari; Ranciere; revolution; RANCIERE, Jacques, 1940- | |
| Haussmann and Le Corbusier in China: Land Control and the Design of Streets in Urban Redevelopment. | ABRAMSON, DANIEL BENJAMIN | Journal of Urban Design | 2008 | Journal Article | This paper discusses China's current phase of large-scale urban redevelopment, using contrasting cases of morphological change and street design to examine the political-economic basis of urban design. The typical, superblock-centred approach is an outgrowth of local land use practices that were shaped by widespread collectivist expropriation of property from the 1950s into the 1970s, and drastic resident relocation policies since the early 1990s. A contrasting case, from a city where such levels of expropriation did not occur, reveals a very different, more street-centred approach to urban design that correlates with a more favourable compensation policy for residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]; Copyright of Journal of Urban Design is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=32069224&site=ehost-live | URBAN planning; URBAN renewal; BEIJING (China); CHINA; HAUSSMANN, Georges Eugene, baron, 1809-1891; LE Corbusier, 1887-1965 | |
| Casa mediterranea, casa araba and primitivism in the writings of Carlo Enrico Rava | McLaren, Brian L. | JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE | 2008 | Journal Article | ||||
| Preservation and tourism in Tunisia: on the colonial past in the neocolonial present. | Coslett, Daniel E. | Journal of North African Studies | 2020 | Journal Article | Historic built environments of the modern colonial era survive in cityscapes of former colonies the world over, often featuring largely in the projected urban identities of cities in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. Tunisia is no exception. The complex relationships between extant architectures of colonialism and current users, designers, and preservationists there are shifting within the context of contemporary globalization. Though ties between Europe, France, and Tunisia are less overt than they once were-now taking the form of international development loans, professional and educational exchanges, tourism programmes, popular culture and the media-they are nonetheless significant in their sustained influence. This article explores the nature and products of neocolonialism in postcolonial heritage management and tourism practices, using several case studies from Tunis including curated medina walking tours, the renovation of the Avenue Bourguiba, and expansion of the renowned Bardo Museum. Rather than dismissing contemporary preservation and tourism management practices, the article invites further debate regarding the influence of foreign actors, conservation approaches, and potential alternatives for the future of heritage management in a rapidly changing Tunisia. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=144667981&site=ehost-live | ||
| Split-Match-Aggregate (SMA) algorithm: integrating sidewalk data with transportation network data in GIS. | Kang, Bumjoon; Scully, Jason Y.; Stewart, Orion; Hurvitz, Philip M.; Moudon, Anne V. | International Journal of Geographical Information Science | 2015 | Journal Article | Sidewalk geodata are essential to understand walking behavior. However, such geodata are scarce, only available at the local jurisdiction and not at the regional level. If they exist, the data are stored in geometric representational formats without network characteristics such as sidewalk connectivity and completeness. This article presents the Split-Match-Aggregate (SMA) algorithm, which automatically conflates sidewalk information from secondary geometric sidewalk data to existing street network data. The algorithm uses three parameters to determine geometric relationships between sidewalk and street segments: the distance between streets and sidewalk segments; the angle between sidewalk and street segments; and the difference between the lengths of matched sidewalk and street segments. The SMA algorithm was applied in urban King County, WA, to 13 jurisdictions' secondary sidewalk geodata. Parameter values were determined based on agreement rates between results obtained from 72 pre-specified parameter combinations and those of a trained geographic information systems (GIS) analyst using a randomly selected 5% of the 79,928 street segments as a parameter-development sample. The algorithm performed best when the distances between sidewalk and street segments were 12m or less, their angles were 25 degrees or less, and the tolerance was set to 18m, showing an excellent agreement rate of 96.5%. The SMA algorithm was applied to classify sidewalks in the entire study area and it successfully updated sidewalk coverage information on the existing regional-level street network data. The algorithm can be applied for conflating attributes between associated, but geometrically misaligned line data sets in GIS. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=102777790&site=ehost-live | ||
| Understanding the motivations of coastal residents to voluntarily purchase federal flood insurance | Brody, Samuel D.; Highfield, Wesley E.; Wilson, Morgan; Lindell, Michael K.; Blessing, Russell | JOURNAL OF RISK RESEARCH | 2017 | Journal Article | Federally-backed flood insurance is the primary mechanism by which residents in the United States (US) prepare for and recover from floods. While there is a growing literature on the general uptake of flood insurance, little work has been done to address the factors motivating residents to voluntarily buy and maintain federally-based insurance policies. We address this issue by conducting a survey of coastal residents in four localities in Texas and Florida. Based on survey responses, we quantitatively examine the factors influencing whether residents located outside of the 100-year floodplain obtain insurance policies when it is not required. Using two-sample t-tests and binary logistic regression analysis to control for multiple contextual and psychological variables, we statistically isolate the factors contributing most to the decision to purchase insurance. Our findings indicate that a resident located outside the 100-year floodplain who has voluntarily purchased federal flood insurance can be characterized, on average, as more highly educated, living in relatively expensive homes, and a long-time resident who thinks about flood hazard relatively infrequently but who, nonetheless, thinks flood insurance is relatively affordable. Unexpectedly, the physical proximity of a respondent to flood hazard areas makes little or no discernible difference in the decision to obtain flood insurance. | ACTION DECISION-MODEL; HAZARD ADJUSTMENTS; RISK; PERCEPTIONS; ADOPTION; FLORIDA; LOSSES; DETERMINANTS; PREFERENCES; RESPONSES | insurance; floodplain; purchase decision; Texas; Florida | |
| Perceptions of protective actions for a water contamination emergency | Lindell, Michael K.; Mumpower, Jeryl L.; Huang, Shih-Kai; Wu, Hao-Che; Samuelson, Charles D.; Wei, Hung-Lung | JOURNAL OF RISK RESEARCH | 2017 | Journal Article | Local authorities who believe their water systems are contaminated need to warn those at risk to take protective actions. In the past, such efforts have often achieved only partial success in preventing people from deciding to continue consumption of contaminated drinking water. To examine the possible antecedents of decisions to comply with water consumption advisories, this study examined 110 Boston residents' actual protective actions and 203 Texas students' expected protective actions; their perceptions of three protective actions on seven attributes; and their risk perceptions, water contamination experience, facilitating conditions, and demographic characteristics. The profiles of the protective actions for the hazard-related and resource-related attributes suggest reasons why people preferred to use bottled water rather than boil or personally chlorinate water. In particular, perceived effectiveness in protecting health was the most important correlate of protective action, which means that a protective action can have a high level of implementation even though it has poor ratings on other attributes such as cost. In addition, this study indicates public health officials may also need to address people's misconceptions about the hazard-related and resource-related attributes of any relevant protective actions. Finally, consistent with an extensive body of previous research, students were similar to residents in many important respects even though were some statistically significant differences. | ACTION DECISION-MODEL; HAZARD ADJUSTMENTS; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; PLANT ACCIDENT; RISKS; METAANALYSIS; TRIVIALITY; ATTITUDES; BEHAVIOR; ADOPTION | water contamination; risk perception; protective action; protective action attributes; student vs; population samples | |
| A CASE STUDY OF THE FAILURE OF DIGITAL COMMUNICATION TO CROSS KNOWLEDGE BOUNDARIES IN VIRTUAL CONSTRUCTION. | Neff, Gina; Fiore-Silfvast, Brittany; Dossick, Carrie Sturts | Information Communication & Society | 2010 | Journal Article | When can digital artefacts serve to bridge knowledge barriers across epistemic communities? There have been many studies of the roles new information and communication technologies play within organizations. In our study, we compare digital and non-digital methods of inter-organizational collaboration. Based on ethnographic fieldwork on three construction projects and interviews with 65 architects, engineers, and builders across the USA, we find that IT tools designed to increase collaboration in this setting instead solidify and make explicit organizational and cultural differences between project participants. Our study suggests that deeply embedded disciplinary thinking is not easily overcome by digital representations of knowledge and that collaboration may be hindered through the exposure of previously implicit distinctions among the team members' skills and organizational status. The tool that we study, building information modelling, reflects and amplifies disciplinary representations of the building by architects, engineers, and builders instead of supporting increased collaboration among them. We argue that people sometimes have a difficult time overcoming the lack of interpretive flexibility in digital coordinating tools, even when those tools are built to encourage interdisciplinary collaboration. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=51377225&site=ehost-live | ||
| Exploring Post-Incarceration Residential Trajectories: Indicators of Housing Stability during the Re-Entry Process. | Walter, Rebecca J.; Caudy, Michael; Galvan Salcido, Christine; Ray, James; Viglione, Jill | Housing, Theory & Society | 2021 | Journal Article | Extant research on housing instability focuses on external housing barriers but limited research exists on individual-level indicators of housing stability for individuals returning to society from incarceration. This study addresses this gap with data collected from 70 individuals recently released from incarceration who returned to Bexar County (San Antonio, Texas) that were not placed in specific housing programmes, leaving them to seek housing independently. The study explores residential trajectories and the utility of individual-level characteristics, specifically readiness for change, in relation to housing stability. The findings reveal the importance of assessing the dynamics of each individual living situation since many of the participants are housed but not in stable housing situations. Furthermore, readiness for change (specifically action, self-sufficiency, and human agency) is found to be a significant indicator of housing stability and may represent an important intervention target for re-entry and reintegration programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]; Copyright of Housing, Theory & Society is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=150497567&site=ehost-live | HOUSING discrimination; HOUSING; SELF-reliant living; housing instability; Housing stability; re-entry; readiness for change; residential trajectories | |
| Use and effectiveness of health impact assessment in the energy and natural resources sector in the United States, 2007 - 2016. | Nkyekyer, Esi W.; Dannenberg, Andrew L. | Impact Assessment & Project Appraisal | 2019 | Journal Article | Decisions made in the energy and natural resources sector can affect public health. This report reviews the characteristics and assesses the effectiveness of health impact assessments (HIAs) conducted in this sector. A total of 30 HIAs conducted in 14 states in the United States were identified using a targeted literature search. Five HIAs illustrative of the different source and sub-sector categories, and with identifiable impacts on decision-making processes were selected for review. An existing conceptual framework (Wismar) was used to assess the effectiveness of the five selected HIAs on decision-making related to non-renewable energy, renewable energy, mining, and energy conservation. The 30 HIAs were performed for a variety of projects and assessed health impacts ranging from metabolic disorders to community livability. Eight of the 30 reports were incorporated into environmental impact assessments. All five selected HIAs were generally effective and raised awareness of the health effects of the projects being assessed; four were directly effective and led to changes in final project decisions. Their variable effectiveness may be related to the extent of community engagement and consideration of equity issues, differences in the details and quality of monitoring and evaluation plans devised as part of the HIA process, and whether the outcomes of monitoring and evaluation are reported. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/use-effectiveness-health-impact-assessment-energy/docview/2139183626/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| On uncertain ground: being at home in the context of public housing redevelopment. | Manzo, Lynne C. | International Journal of Housing Policy | 2014 | Journal Article | The recent global financial crisis increased the volatility of housing markets and furthered the ongoing disinvestment in public sector housing. This disinvestment has been manifest in urban restructuring programmes involving both the privatisation and the wholesale demolition of public/social housing. For example, programmes like HOPE VI in the USA have radically altered the landscape of public housing through the demolition of tens of thousands of housing units nationwide. However, what of the people who occupied this housing, and what of the lives they had built there? In such a context, deliberating on the notion of being at home becomes a pressing task, necessitating serious consideration of the lived experience of place and place attachments among those who have been displaced by such programmes. While research has studied outcomes such as the quality of the new neighbourhood and household economic stability, it does not adequately address the lived experience of place and the disruptions that forced relocation can cause. This paper brings the literature on place attachment into the discussion of urban restructuring programmes and discusses the findings of several empirical studies on place attachment to provide a more complete picture of the impacts of such programmes on poor people. It demonstrates how place attachments in the context of public housing are complicated by poverty, power dynamics, ambivalence, and stigma, underscoring how attachments are formed through the interplay of policy and programme rhetoric, and the active processes of meaning making among residents. Policy implications of considering place attachments in public housing redevelopment efforts are also addressed. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/on-uncertain-ground-being-at-home-context-public/docview/1857766777/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Evaluating a New Suite of Luminance-Based Design Metrics for Predicting Human Visual Comfort in Offices with Daylight | Van Den Wymelenberg, Kevin; Inanici, Mehlika | LEUKOS | 2016 | Journal Article | A new suite of visual comfort metrics is proposed and evaluated for their ability to explain the variability in subjective human responses in a mock private office environment with daylight. Participants (n = 48) rated visual comfort and preference factors, including 1488 discreet appraisals, and these subjective results were correlated against more than 2000 unique luminance-based metrics that were captured using high dynamic range photography techniques. Importantly, luminance-based metrics were more capable than illuminance-based metrics for fitting the range of human subjective responses to data from visual preference questionnaire items. No metrics based upon the entire scene ranked in the top 20 squared correlation coefficients, nor did any based upon illuminance or irradiance data, nor did any of the studied glare indices, luminance ratios, or contrast ratios. The standard deviation of window luminance was the metric that best fit human subjective responses to visual preference on seven of 12 questionnaire items (with r(2) = 0.43). Luminance metrics calculated using the horizontal 40. band (a scene-independent mask) and the window area (a scene-dependent mask) represented the majority of the top 20 squared correlation coefficients for almost all subjective visual preference questionnaire items. The strongest multiple regression model was for the semantic differential rating (too dim-too bright) of the window wall (R-adj(2) = 0.49) and was built upon three variables; standard deviation of window luminance, the 50th percentile luminance value from the lower view window, and mean luminance of the 40. horizontal band. | DISCOMFORT GLARE | controls; daylighting; discomfort glare; visual perception | |
| Syncing with the Sky: Daylight-Driven Circadian Lighting Design | Altenberg Vaz, Nathan; Inanici, Mehlika | LEUKOS | 2021 | Journal Article | The use of daylight in the built environment is often preferred to artificial light sources as its successful application can provide visual comfort and satisfaction along with the potential for significant energy savings. Exposure to daylight is also the primary source for stimulus that establishes a healthy day/night cycle in all living organisms. This is known as circadian rhythm. Newly discovered photoreceptors (intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells - ipRGC) within the mammalian eye, including humans, are specifically linked to the portion of the brain responsible for maintaining a healthy circadian rhythm. This discovery has led to a new subject area in the field of lighting design focused on controlling the spectrum of light that these photoreceptors are sensitive to. Currently, work in the field of circadian lighting design is concentrated on the use of artificial light sources for circadian stimulus. This is largely due to the advent of the widespread use of LED technology, which has proven that it can be a significant source of light that can delay or advance the circadian clock. The use of daylight to provide circadian stimulus has been a given in this field of design, however, there has not been very much research into how the built environment affects our ability to effectively receive this stimulus from daylight. In this research, the groundwork is established to start to create a set of guidelines to help architects and designers maximize the potential for daylight to provide circadian stimulus at the earliest stages of a project. This is accomplished through a series of lighting simulations that explore and test various architectural parameters that affect daylight-driven circadian lighting, with simultaneous consideration given to photopic lighting availability and visual comfort. The architectural parameters tested in this study included window head height, building orientation, shading devices, visual obstructions to the sky, and room depth. The results show that informed design decisions could maximize circadian potential in a given space, while achieving visually satisfactory luminous environments. | ACTION SPECTRUM; MELANOPSIN; ENVIRONMENTS; SENSITIVITY; FRAMEWORK; STIMULUS; ROD | Circadian lighting; daylight; lighting simulation; ALFA | |
| Transportation-Efficient Land Use Mapping Index (TELUMI), a Tool to Assess Multimodal Transportation Options in Metropolitan Regions | Moudon, Anne Vernez; Sohn, D. W.; Kavage, Sarah E.; Mabry, Jean E. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION | 2011 | Journal Article | The Transportation-Efficient Land Use Mapping Index (TELUMI) is a tool to visualize and to quantify micro-level metropolitan land use and development patterns as they affect travel demand. It can assist transportation and urban planning authorities in identifying zones where land use supports multimodal travel and in determining a region's transportation system efficiency. An application of the TELUMI in the Seattle region showed that residential units and employment concentrated in transportation-efficient areas covering less than 20 percent of the region. An interactive, multi-scaled tool, the TELUMI can also support scenario building to simulate land use changes that improve transportation system performance. | URBAN | Geographic Information Systems; land use; mapping index; metropolitan; multimodal travel; transportation efficiency | |
| A GPS data-based analysis of built environment influences on bicyclist route preferences. | Chen, Peng; Shen, Qing; Childress, Suzanne | International Journal of Sustainable Transportation | 2018 | Journal Article | This study examines the effects of built environment features, including factors of land use and road network, on bicyclists' route preferences using the data from the city of Seattle. The bicycle routes are identified using a GPS dataset collected from a smartphone application named CycleTracks. The route choice set is generated using the labeling route approach, and the cost functions of route alternatives are based on principal component analyses. Then, two mixed logit models, focusing on random parameters and alternative-specific coefficients, respectively, are estimated to examine bicyclists' route choice. The major findings of this study are as follows: (1) the bicycle route choice involves the joint consideration of convenience, safety, and leisure; (2) most bicyclists prefer to cycle on shorter, flat, and well-planned bicycle facilities with slow road traffic; (3) some bicyclists prefer routes surrounded by mixed land use; (4) some bicyclists favor routes which are planted with street trees or installed with street lights; and (5) some bicyclists prefer routes along with city features. This analysis provides valuable insights into how well-planned land use and road network can facilitate efficient, safe, and enjoyable bicycling. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=126917548&site=ehost-live | ||
| Curriculum to Prepare AEC Students for BIM-Enabled Globally Distributed Projects. | Anderson, Anne; Dossick, Carrie Sturts; Osburn, Laura | International Journal of Construction Education & Research | 2020 | Journal Article | Globalization and the increasing adoption of BIM and other technologies in the AEC industry have changed the way we prepare graduates for the digital workplace. This paper presents curriculum design where students from five universities worked together to develop design and construction proposals. This paper describes a collaborative project executed in two parts. Part I included the University of Washington in the USA and IIT-Madras in India. Part II included Washington State University in the USA, and National Taiwan University and National Cheng Kung University in Taiwan. Students from these global universities worked on a multi-disciplinary, interdependent project where teams created 3D models and 4D construction simulations. This curriculum addresses ACCE and ABET accreditation requirements regarding multi-disciplinary teams, ethical and professional responsibilities in global, economic, environmental, and societal contexts, and effective teamwork. In this paper, we describe the course design, evaluative criteria, and lessons learned. We found that it was important to emphasize BIM Execution Planning for distributed teams given that communication and coordination can be challenging across time zones and cultural differences. Working through technical challenges of exchanging BIM data, the students learned coordination skills in a globally distributed team environment that simulated real work experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]; Copyright of International Journal of Construction Education & Research is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=146928318&site=ehost-live | COLLEGE curriculum; PROJECT management; DIGITAL technology; WORK environment; GLOBALIZATION; bim; Building information modeling; digital literacy; distributed teams; global collaboration | |
| Barriers to effective implementation of quality management systems in public design projects in Iran. | Abdirad, Hamid; Nazari, Ahad | Architectural Engineering and Design Management | 2015 | Journal Article | The goal of this research is to investigate why architectural design practice in the public domain in Iran has not implemented quality management systems (QMSs) as effectively as expected. Through an in-depth review of the literature and a set of interviews, a framework of challenges is identified and validated, and it served as the basis of a survey among high-ranked design firms active in public projects. This study shows that there are many barriers to reach design excellence, rooted in general policies and standards, characteristics of clients' organizations, and strategies and organizational factors in design firms. Although many design firms and agencies in Iran have certification of accredited QMSs, realities of architectural design practice show that norms in public projects clearly contradict principles of QMSs and make them ineffective. This study reveals a strong need for developing QMSs that address (1) true definition of design quality in standards and guidelines, (2) importance of final users and public community as true customers of public projects, (3) strategies in design firm management and organizational structures, (4) prerequisites of learning cycle in design projects, and (5) modifications in cultures and interactions among parties involved in design decision-making. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=109420820&site=ehost-live | ||
| Metric-based BIM implementation assessment: a review of research and practice. | Abdirad, Hamid | Architectural Engineering and Design Management | 2017 | Journal Article | Building information modeling (BIM) is one of the most significant developments in the construction industry, as it introduces new technologies, processes, and interactions into practice. Prior research shows that there is an increasing interest among practitioners and academics to assess maturity, productivity, and performance of BIM implementation. This suggests that as BIM adoption grows, the need for BIM implementation assessment arises to facilitate monitoring, measuring, and improving BIM practices. However, so far, no single study has comprehensively reviewed and reported the existing approaches, metrics, and criteria used for assessing BIM practices. This study aims to review and analyze the literature and synthesize existing knowledge relevant to the topic. The author develops a thematic framework of BIM aspects, BIM goals, and performance evaluation trends to define grounds for assessing BIM implementation. Based on the framework, this research analyzed a total number of 97 references (selected out of 322 studies) to identify, extract, and classify metrics/criteria used for assessing BIM implementation. This study has practical implications for developing future BIM maturity models and BIM assessment tools as it synthesizes the existing developments on this topic, highlights gaps and limitations in metric-based BIM assessment, and provides recommendations for further research and developments. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=120392270&site=ehost-live | ||
| Motorcycle taxi programme is associated with reduced risk of road traffic crash among motorcycle taxi drivers in Kampala, Uganda. | Muni, Kennedy; Kobusingye, Olive; Mock, Charlie; Hughes, James P.; Hurvitz, Philip M.; Guthrie, Brandon | International Journal of Injury Control & Safety Promotion | 2019 | Journal Article | SafeBoda is a transportation company that provides road safety training and helmets to its motorcycle taxi drivers in Kampala. We sought to determine whether risk of road traffic crash (RTC) was lower in SafeBoda compared to regular (non-SafeBoda) motorcycle taxi drivers during a 6-month follow-up period. We collected participant demographic and behavioural data at baseline using computer-assisted personal interview, and occurrence of RTC every 2 months using text messaging and telephone interview from a cohort of 342 drivers. There were 85 crashes (31 in SafeBoda and 54 in regular drivers) during follow-up. Over the 6-month follow-up period, SafeBoda drivers were 39% less likely to be involved in a RTC than regular drivers after adjusting for age, possession of a driver's license, and education (RR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39-0.97, p = .04). These findings suggest that the SafeBoda programme results in safer driving and fewer RTCs among motorcycle taxi drivers in Kampala. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/motorcycle-taxi-programme-is-associated-with/docview/2261199349/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Beyond bodegas: affordable groceries through an innovative store format. | Born, Branden; Bassok, Alon | Journal of Urbanism | 2009 | Journal Article | Low-income areas often face a “grocery gap” whereby residents lack accessible grocery stores and must spend disproportionate resources to shop outside their neighborhood or purchase food at less desirable stores. Traditional grocery stores will not locate in these neighborhoods for market-based reasons. An alternative model appears feasible based on a literature review of current grocery industry practices and their theoretical application on a study neighborhood. The alternative store could be a satellite of a larger chain, stock a select product mix, and combine technology and customer service to provide groceries and community development. This model is promising: each part works profitably under market conditions, and planners are beginning to understand the need to work creatively with industry and communities to bring stores to underserved areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]; Copyright of Journal of Urbanism is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=43429214&site=ehost-live | FOOD; URBAN planning; INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics); COMMUNITY development; CITIES & towns; disadvantaged communities; grocery gap; teleshopping; urban food systems | |
| Visual openness and visual exposure analysis models used as evaluation tools during the urban design development process. | Shach-Pinsly, Dalit | Journal of Urbanism | 2010 | Journal Article | This paper reports on the preliminary development of visibility analysis models used as evaluation tools during the urban design development process. This paper proposes a measurable morphological approach that can contribute to the planning and design process as a control and evaluation model. The models are applied to an urban case study that is based on the garden city theory. The complex being evaluated is the Bat-Galim neighborhood, located on the northern shore of Haifa, Israel that was constructed in the middle of the last century. The goal is to try to overcome the problematic results and to suggest other spatial morphological configurations that support better results. Doing so improves the quality of the environment with respect to visual permeability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]; Copyright of Journal of Urbanism is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=52889109&site=ehost-live | URBAN planning; URBANIZATION; URBAN growth; GARDEN cities; HAIFA (Israel); ISRAEL; comparative evaluation; sustainable urban environment; visual analysis; visual exposure; visual openness | |
| Managing change: Seattle's 21st century urban renaissance. | Idziorek, Katherine; Chalana, Manish | Journal of Urbanism | 2019 | Journal Article | Evolution of the urban planning and historic preservation disciplines has resulted in an “uneasy alliance” in practice, one further complicated by the back-to-the-city movement and increased development pressure in older urban neighbourhoods. In Seattle, as in other U.S. cities, the pace, intensity and scale of redevelopment has caused dramatic spatial and social transformations. Although research has shown that older built fabric provides economic and social benefit for cities, neither regulations created by planners for guiding redevelopment nor strategies created by preservationists for retaining urban heritage have been successful in reconciling these different, yet interconnected, sets of values. We engage three Seattle neighbourhood case studies to clarify and evaluate policies, programs and strategies used by planners and preservationists for reimagining neighbourhood transformations. This work suggests a need for more creative, integrative collaboration between the two fields to simultaneously engage – and reconcile – social and economic tensions caused by urban redevelopment. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/managing-change-seattle-s-21-sup-st-century-urban/docview/2249875369/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Do home buyers value the New Urbanist neighborhood? The case of Issaquah Highlands, WA. | Kim, Jinyhup; Bae, Chang-Hee Christine | Journal of Urbanism | 2020 | Journal Article | This study compares Issaquah Highlands’ home prices with those of traditional suburban single-family homes in the city of Issaquah. Issaquah Highlands is a community that was developed using New Urbanism principles. The null hypothesis is that the sale prices of houses in Issaquah Highlands are not different from the conventional suburban neighborhood in the city of Issaquah. The principal database consists of US Census Washington State Geospatial Data Archive, and the King County Tax Assessments. The final dataset contains 1,780 single family homes over the seven-year period from 2012 to 2018 based on sale records throughout the city of Issaquah. This study uses the hedonic pricing technique to assess the impact of New Urbanism on the value of single-family residences. The findings suggest that people are willing to pay a $92,700–96,800 premium (approximately 7.1–12.0 percent of the sales prices) for houses in Issaquah Highlands. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/do-home-buyers-value-new-urbanist-neighborhood/docview/2433999001/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Landscapes of industrial excess: A thick sections approach to Gas Works Park | Way, Thaisa | JOURNAL OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE | 2013 | Journal Article | Gas Works Park in Seattle, WA, designed by Richard Haag Associates and recently listed on the National Register of Historic Landmarks, serves as one of the earliest post-industrial sites to be transformed into a public park through remediation and reclamation. The radical nature of the park lies in its adaptive reuse of waste landscapes, not merely ameliorating contaminated land but transforming it to serve the public. Although officials and residents called for the remains of the industrial plant to be removed, Haag convinced the public to retain elements of the industrial apparatus and, more importantly, to retain and treat the polluted soils. Previous scholarship focuses primarily on the architectural elements, leaving the landscape as mere setting. This article proposes a site narrative as read through the landform. It suggests an alternative reading that gives voice to the site's toxic history. | Gas Works Park; polluted landscapes; post-industrial landscape; Richard Haag; thick sections | ||
| The urban university's hybrid campus | Way, Thaisa | JOURNAL OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE | 2016 | Journal Article | With the growth of urban campuses in the twenty-first century, how can landscape architecture foster the innovation associated with cities and urban neighbourhoods? In Seattle, West Campus at the University of Washington serves as a good urban neighbour while engaging the traditional experiences of a campus. Additionally, the design suggests how an urban campus might generate the culture of an urban innovation district. The contribution of landscapes to innovation districts has rarely been considered in campus design because the focus has been on the architecture of the buildings and the culture of collaboration as social phenomena. This paper explores how the public landscapes of parks, courtyards, and streets shape the experience of an innovation district and contribute to fostering creativity and serendipity. As an extension, the paper suggests the importance of universities in the creation and stewardship of vibrant, creative, and resilient cities. | City planning; innovation district; student residential planning; university landscape design; urban campus | ||
| GlareShade: a visual comfort-based approach to occupant-centric shading systems | Hashemloo, Alireza; Inanici, Mehlika; Meek, Christopher | JOURNAL OF BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION | 2016 | Journal Article | This paper presents a novel method for designing of an occupant-centric shading algorithm that utilizes visual comfort metric as the form-generating criteria. Based on the premise of previous studies that demonstrate glare as the most important factor for operating shading devices, GlareShade is introduced as a simulation-based shading methodology driven by occupant's visual comfort. GlareShade not only responds to changing outdoor conditions such as the movement of the sun and the variation of cloud cover, but it also accounts for building specific local conditions. GlareShade draws its strength and flexibility from an occupant-centric approach that is based on the visual field of view of each occupant as the occupant is performing common visual tasks in a given environment, and the developed shading system is linked to a distributed sensing network of multiple occupants. ShadeFan is demonstrated as a proof-of-concept dynamic shading system utilizing the GlareShade method. | CONTROL STRATEGIES; DESIGN TOOL; DAYLIGHT; PATTERNS; OFFICES; BLINDS; MODEL | occupant-centric shading system; glare; daylighting; visual comfort | |
| Deep neural network approach for annual luminance simulations | Liu, Yue; Colburn, Alex; Inanici, Mehlika | JOURNAL OF BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION | 2020 | Journal Article | Annual luminance maps provide meaningful evaluations for occupants' visual comfort and perception. This paper presents a novel data-driven approach for predicting annual luminance maps from a limited number of point-in-time high-dynamic-range imagery by utilizing a deep neural network. A sensitivity analysis is performed to develop guidelines for determining the minimum and optimum data collection periods for generating accurate maps. The proposed model can faithfully predict high-quality annual panoramic luminance maps from one of the three options within 30 min training time: (i) point-in-time luminance imagery spanning 5% of the year, when evenly distributed during daylight hours, (ii) one-month hourly imagery generated during daylight hours around the equinoxes; or (iii) 9 days of hourly data collected around the spring equinox, summer and winter solstices (2.5% of the year) all suffice to predict the luminance maps for the rest of the year. The DNN predicted high-quality panoramas are validated against Radiance renderings. | SCATTERING DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; DAYLIGHT PERFORMANCE; GLARE; MODEL; PREDICTION | Daylighting simulation; luminance maps; machine learning; neural networks; HDR imagery; panoramic view | |
| Geospatial and contextual approaches to energy balance and health. | Berrigan, David; Hipp, J. Aaron; Hurvitz, Philip M.; James, Peter; Jankowska, Marta M.; Kerr, Jacqueline; Laden, Francine; Leonard, Tammy; McKinnon, Robin A.; Powell-Wiley, Tiffany M.; Tarlov, Elizabeth; Zenk, Shannon N.; the TREC Spatial and Contextual Measures and Modeling Work Group | Annals of GIS | 2015 | Journal Article | In the past 15 years, a major research enterprise has emerged that is aimed at understanding associations between geographic and contextual features of the environment (especially the built environment) and elements of human energy balance, including diet, weight and physical activity. Here we highlight aspects of this research area with a particular focus on research and opportunities in the United States as an example. We address four main areas: (1) the importance of valid and comparable data concerning behaviour across geographies; (2) the ongoing need to identify and explore new environmental variables; (3) the challenge of identifying the causally relevant context; and (4) the pressing need for stronger study designs and analytical methods. Additionally, we discuss existing sources of geo-referenced health data which might be exploited by interdisciplinary research teams, personnel challenges and some aspects of funding for geospatial research by the US National Institutes of Health in the past decade, including funding for international collaboration and training opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]; Copyright of Annals of GIS is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=102748176&site=ehost-live | BIOENERGETICS; GEOSPATIAL data; CONTEXTUAL analysis; PHYSICAL activity; OBESITY; contextual; energy balance; geospatial; obesity; physical activity; spatial | |
| Anthropotechnology: Sloterdijk on Environmental Design and the FoamWorlds of Co-Isolation | Mugerauer, Robert | ARCHITECTURE AND CULTURE | 2016 | Journal Article | The paper has two primary goals. The first is to reexamine the dynamics of cultural change by applying the innovative interpretations of German theorist and cultural historian Peter Sloterdijk, who contends that the ways we traditionally have made and understood our built environment are grossly inadequate in our contemporary media-saturated, war-weary, biotechnological world. The second is to show how such a reinterpretation of space, architecture, and culture could help us to learn to design better and act by way of an anthropotechnology (Sloterdijk's word) that is simultaneously developmental and threatening - that might enable us to find an orientation in a world of complexity, and thus more positively shape our lives and future world. Sloterdijk's intriguing concepts - spheres of immunization (bubbles, globes, foams), co-isolation, dyads, tensegrity - hold great promise for the next pulse of architectural, planning, and construction theory. | Peter Sloterdijk; anthropotechnology; spheres of immunization (bubbles, globes, foams); co-isolation; housing | ||
| Whither the "Hindoo Invasion"? South Asians in the Pacific Northwest of the United States, 1907-1930. | Chalana, Manish | International Journal of Regional & Local History | 2021 | Journal Article | The first decade of the twentieth century saw several thousand men migrate from India to the North American West Coast. While most settled in British Columbia or California, a smaller number moved to the US Pacific Northwest states of Washington and Oregon. A series of violent riots in 1907-8 drove many from the region. The basic contours of this population in the region after this time remain unclear. I uncover evidence that Indians persisted for a longer time period, and in more varied locations and occupations than some previous research suggests, but that ultimately violent exclusion led them to disappear almost entirely from the region. I investigate the conditions in which these men lived and toiled, and the ways in which they were viewed by the larger society, particularly in terms of evolving concepts of race and assimilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]; Copyright of International Journal of Regional & Local History is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=151224932&site=ehost-live | immigration; Indians; Oregon; Pacific Northwest; Punjabis; Sikh; South Asians; Washington | |
| Urban structure and its influence on trip chaining complexity in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area | Bautista-Hernández, Dorian | Urban, Planning and Transport Research | 2020 | Journal Article | This project studies the relationship between the urban structure of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) and two aspects of commuter travel patterns: (1) number of stops in a tour and (2) complexity of trip chaining. Two regression models were explored, one for each dependent variable of interest. The analysis was applied for car drivers, transit users and travelers with mixed transportation separately. Covariates include individual, household, travel and urban form variables, which showed differential effects according to the transportation mode. According to the number of significant covariates, it can be said that there is less impact of urban form on trip generation and complexity of travel for car drivers (only mixed land use at destination being significant for complexity of travel) and mixed transportation (being only significant job access for complexity of travel) than for transit users (being significant job access, population density, mixed land use at origin for extra trip, number of trips and complexity of travel). The directions of these effects vary according to the transportation mode and are discussed in terms of reported literature. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/urban-structure-influence-on-trip-chaining/docview/2465704014/se-2 | Trip generation , Urban structures , Chaining , Drivers , Population density , Land use , Population density , Regression analysis , Regression models , Population density , Land use , Transportation , Travel , Land use , Regression analysis , Complexity , Automobile drivers , Travel , Metropolitan areas , Travel , Travel patterns , Urban areas , Dependent variables , Mexico | |
| Resilience and 'technicity': challenges and opportunities for new knowledge practices in disaster planning | Jon, Ihnji | RESILIENCE-INTERNATIONAL POLICIES PRACTICES AND DISCOURSES | 2019 | Journal Article | With increasing exposure to environmental catastrophes and natural hazards, the terminology of 'resilience' is becoming ubiquitous in the planning field. As a part of this continuing discussion, this paper examines how the concept of resilience has been used in disaster planning, especially with a focus on the creation and use of knowledge to 'build resilience' in response to potential future natural hazard events. In discussing the practice of creating and using knowledge in disaster planning, I draw insights from the interdisciplinary critical studies of science and technology literature, which has been developing rich discussions on the challenges we face in producing geographical knowledge. I demonstrate in this paper how resilience theory can be linked with the concept of 'technicity' used in the virtual geography literature, and how that association can have meaningful implications for the production and application of knowledge in disaster planning. | COMMUNITY RESILIENCE; ADAPTIVE CAPACITY; VULNERABILITY; HAZARD; RISK; SUSTAINABILITY; PARTICIPATION; GEOGRAPHIES; UNCERTAINTY; COMPLEXITY | Resilience; technicity; disaster planning; virtual geography; knowledge practice | |
| Efficiency index for fiber-reinforced concrete lining at ultimate limit state | Fantilli, Alessandro P.; Nemati, Kamran M.; Chiaia, Bernardino | SUSTAINABLE AND RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE | 2016 | Journal Article | The fiber contribution to the ultimate limit state capacity of precast and cast-in situ tunnel linings is analytically investigated. By means of a numerical model, capable of computing the interaction curves of reinforced concrete cross sections subjected to combined compressive and bending actions, the mechanical performances of plain and fiber-reinforced concrete are compared. As a result, a new index is introduced to quantify the effectiveness of fiber addition. The higher the efficiency index, the higher the amount of steel reinforcing bar that can be removed from a plain concrete cross section. The application to real concrete linings, where shear resistance is ensured without shear reinforcement, shows that a large volume of rebar can be saved by the presence of steel fibers. This gives significant advantages in terms of durability and rapidity of tunnel construction. | Fiber-reinforced concrete; efficiency index; ultimate limit state; cast-in situ concrete lining; precast tunnel segments | ||
| The Anthropocene Generalized: Evolution of Exo-Civilizations and Their Planetary Feedback. | Frank, A.; Carroll-Nellenback, Jonathan; Alberti, M.; Kleidon, A. | Astrobiology | 2018 | Journal Article | We present a framework for studying generic behaviors possible in the interaction between a resource-harvesting technological civilization (an exo-civilization) and the planetary environment in which it evolves. Using methods from dynamical systems theory, we introduce and analyze a suite of simple equations modeling a population which consumes resources for the purpose of running a technological civilization and the feedback those resources drive on the state of the host planet. The feedbacks can drive the planet away from the initial state the civilization originated in and into domains that are detrimental to its sustainability. Our models conceptualize the problem primarily in terms of feedbacks from the resource use onto the coupled planetary systems. In addition, we also model the population growth advantages gained via the harvesting of these resources. We present three models of increasing complexity: (1) Civilization-planetary interaction with a single resource; (2) Civilization-planetary interaction with two resources each of which has a different level of planetary system feedback; (3) Civilization-planetary interaction with two resources and nonlinear planetary feedback (i.e., runaways). All three models show distinct classes of exo-civilization trajectories. We find smooth entries into long-term, sustainable steady states. We also find population booms followed by various levels of die-off. Finally, we also observe rapid collapse trajectories for which the population approaches n=0. Our results are part of a program for developing an Astrobiology of the Anthropocene in which questions of sustainability, centered on the coupled Earth-system, can be seen in their proper astronomical/planetary context. We conclude by discussing the implications of our results for both the coupled Earth system and for the consideration of exo-civilizations across cosmic history. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=129750283&site=ehost-live | ||
| Critique and Contribute: A Practice-Based Framework for Improving Critical Data Studies and Data Science | Neff, Gina; Tanweer, Anissa; Fiore-Gartland, Brittany; Osburn, Laura | BIG DATA | 2017 | Journal Article | What would data science look like if its key critics were engaged to help improve it, and how might critiques of data science improve with an approach that considers the day-to-day practices of data science? This article argues for scholars to bridge the conversations that seek to critique data science and those that seek to advance data science practice to identify and create the social and organizational arrangements necessary for a more ethical data science. We summarize four critiques that are commonly made in critical data studies: data are inherently interpretive, data are inextricable from context, data are mediated through the sociomaterial arrangements that produce them, and data serve as a medium for the negotiation and communication of values. We present qualitative research with academic data scientists, data for good projects, and specialized cross-disciplinary engineering teams to show evidence of these critiques in the day-to-day experience of data scientists as they acknowledge and grapple with the complexities of their work. Using ethnographic vignettes from two large multiresearcher field sites, we develop a set of concepts for analyzing and advancing the practice of data science and improving critical data studies, including (1) communication is central to the data science endeavor; (2) making sense of data is a collective process; (3) data are starting, not end points, and (4) data are sets of stories. We conclude with two calls to action for researchers and practitioners in data science and critical data studies alike. First, creating opportunities for bringing social scientific and humanistic expertise into data science practice simultaneously will advance both data science and critical data studies. Second, practitioners should leverage the insights from critical data studies to build new kinds of organizational arrangements, which we argue will help advance a more ethical data science. Engaging the insights of critical data studies will improve data science. Careful attention to the practices of data science will improve scholarly critiques. Genuine collaborative conversations between these different communities will help push for more ethical, and better, ways of knowing in increasingly datum-saturated societies. | BIG; COMMUNICATION; POLITICS | critical data studies; data for good; data science; ethics; qualitative methods; theory | |
| Dynamic Life Cycle Assessment: A Review of Research for Temporal Variations in Life Cycle Assessment Studies. | Su, Shu; Li, Xiaodong; Zhu, Chen; Lu, Yujie; Lee, Hyun Woo | Environmental Engineering Science | 2021 | Journal Article | Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a comprehensive and important environmental management tool around the world. However, lacking temporal information has been a major challenge. In the past decade, dynamic LCA (DLCA), which incorporates temporal variations into assessment, has been an emerging research topic with increasing publications. A timely comprehensive review is needed to present current progress and discuss future directions. This article reviews 144 DLCA articles quantitatively and qualitatively. A bibliometric approach is adopted to conduct co-occurrence analysis and cluster analysis of DLCA studies. The research progress, approaches, and limitations of three temporal variation types (i.e., dynamic life cycle inventory, dynamic characterization factors, and dynamic weighting factors) in DLCA studies are systematically analyzed and discussed. It is concluded that: (1) dynamic inventory analysis is usually conducted by collecting time-differentiated data at each time step. Field monitoring, simulation, scenario analysis, and prediction based on historical data are common approaches. (2) Dynamic characterization studies primarily focus on two impact categories: global warming and toxicity. More studies are in need. (3) Various methods and indicators (i.e., dynamic pollution damage cost, temporal environmental policy targets, and discount rates) are used to solve the dynamic weighting issue, and they have specific limitations. Finally, three interesting topics are discussed: comparison between dynamic and static results, the large data amount issue, and the trend of tools development. This review offers a holistic view on temporal variations in DLCA studies and provides reference and directions for future dynamic studies. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=153438980&site=ehost-live | ||
| The Relationship Between Objectively Measured Walking and Risk of Pedestrian--Motor Vehicle Collision. | Quistberg, D. Alex; Howard, Eric J.; Hurvitz, Philip M.; Moudon, Anne V.; Ebel, Beth E.; Rivara, Frederick P.; Saelens, Brian E. | American Journal of Epidemiology | 2017 | Journal Article | Safe urban walking environments may improve health by encouraging physical activity, but the relationship between an individual's location and walking pattern and the risk of pedestrian-motor vehicle collision is unknown. We examined associations between individuals' walking bouts and walking risk, measured as mean exposure to the risk of pedestrian-vehicle collision. Walking bouts were ascertained through integrated accelerometry and global positioning system data and from individual travel-diary data obtained from adults in the Travel Assessment and Community Study (King County, Washington) in 2008-2009. Walking patterns were superimposed onto maps of the historical probabilities of pedestrian-vehicle collisions for intersections and midblock segments within Seattle, Washington. Mean risk of pedestrian-vehicle collision in specific walking locations was assessed according to walking exposure (duration, distance, and intensity) and participant demographic characteristics in linear mixed models. Participants typically walked in areas with low pedestrian collision risk when walking for recreation, walking at a faster pace, or taking longer-duration walks. Mean daily walking duration and distance were not associated with collision risk. Males walked in areas with higher collision risk compared with females, while vehicle owners, residents of single-family homes, and parents of young children walked in areas with lower collision risk. These findings may suggest that pedestrians moderate collision risk by using lower-risk routes. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=122824343&site=ehost-live | ||
| The Complexity of Urban Eco-evolutionary Dynamics. | Alberti, Marina; Palkovacs, Eric P.; Des Roches, Simone; De Meester, Luc; Brans, Kristien, I; Govaert, Lynn; Grimm, Nancy B.; Harris, Nyeema C.; Hendry, Andrew P.; Schell, Christopher J.; Szulkin, Marta; Munshi-South, Jason; Urban, Mark C.; Verrelli, Brian C. | BioScience | 2020 | Journal Article | Urbanization is changing Earth's ecosystems by altering the interactions and feedbacks between the fundamental ecological and evolutionary processes that maintain life. Humans in cities alter the eco-evolutionary play by simultaneously changing both the actors and the stage on which the eco-evolutionary play takes place. Urbanization modifies land surfaces, microclimates, habitat connectivity, ecological networks, food webs, species diversity, and species composition. These environmental changes can lead to changes in phenotypic, genetic, and cultural makeup of wild populations that have important consequences for ecosystem function and the essential services that nature provides to human society, such as nutrient cycling, pollination, seed dispersal, food production, and water and air purification. Understanding and monitoring urbanization-induced evolutionary changes is important to inform strategies to achieve sustainability. In the present article, we propose that understanding these dynamics requires rigorous characterization of urbanizing regions as rapidly evolving, tightly coupled human-natural systems. We explore how the emergent properties of urbanization affect eco-evolutionary dynamics across space and time. We identify five key urban drivers of change-habitat modification, connectivity, heterogeneity, novel disturbances, and biotic interactions-and highlight the direct consequences of urbanization-driven eco-evolutionary change for nature's contributions to people. Then, we explore five emerging complexities-landscape complexity, urban discontinuities, socio-ecological heterogeneity, cross-scale interactions, legacies and time lags-that need to be tackled in future research. We propose that the evolving metacommunity concept provides a powerful framework to study urban eco-evolutionary dynamics. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/complexity-urban-eco-evolutionary-dynamics/docview/2476153413/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Advancing Urban Ecology toward a Science of Cities. | McPhearson, Timon; Pickett, Steward T. A.; Grimm, Nancy B.; Niemela, Jari; Alberti, Marina; Elmqvist, Thomas; Weber, Christiane; Haase, Dagmar; Breuste, Juergen; Qureshi, Salman | BioScience | 2016 | Journal Article | Urban ecology is a field encompassing multiple disciplines and practical applications and has grown rapidly. However, the field is heterogeneous as a global inquiry with multiple theoretical and conceptual frameworks, variable research approaches, and a lack of coordination among multiple schools of thought and research foci. Here, we present an international consensus on how urban ecology can advance along multiple research directions. There is potential for the field to mature as a holistic, integrated science of urban systems. Such an integrated science could better inform decisionmakers who need increased understanding of complex relationships among social, ecological, economic, and built infrastructure systems. To advance the field requires conceptual synthesis, knowledge and data sharing; cross-city comparative research, new intellectual networks, and engagement with additional disciplines. We consider challenges and opportunities for understanding dynamics of urban systems. We suggest pathways for advancing urban ecology research to support the goals of improving urban sustainability and resilience, conserving urban biodiversity, and promoting human well-being on an urbanizing planet. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=113586366&site=ehost-live | ||
| Planning for the Future of Urban Biodiversity: A Global Review of City-Scale Initiatives. | Nilon, Charles H.; Aronson, Myla F. J.; Cilliers, Sarel S.; Dobbs, Cynnamon; Frazee, Lauren J.; Goddard, Mark A.; O'Neill, Karen M.; Roberts, Debra; Stander, Emilie K.; Werner, Peter; Winter, Marten; Yocom, Ken P. | BioScience | 2017 | Journal Article | Cities represent considerable opportunities for forwarding global biodiversity and sustainability goals. We developed key attributes for conserving biodiversity and for ecosystem services that should be included in urban-planning documents and reviewed 135 plans from 40 cities globally. The most common attributes in city plans were goals for habitat conservation, air and water quality, cultural ecosystem services, and ecological connectivity. Few plans included quantitative targets. This lack of measurable targets may render plans unsuccessful for an actionable approach to local biodiversity conservation. Although most cities include both biodiversity and ecosystem services, each city tends to focus on one or the other. Comprehensive planning for biodiversity should include the full range of attributes identified, but few cities do this, and the majority that do are mandated by local, regional, or federal governments to plan specifically for biodiversity conservation. This research provides planning recommendations for protecting urban biodiversity based on ecological knowledge. | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=122396993&site=ehost-live | ||
| Cohort Profile: TWINS study of environment, lifestyle behaviours and health. | Duncan, Glen E.; Avery, Ally; Hurvitz, Philip M.; Moudon, Anne Vernez; Tsang, Siny; Turkheimer, Eric | International Journal of Epidemiology | 2019 | Journal Article | http://offcampus.lib.washington.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=138130716&site=ehost-live | |||
| The Residential Effect Fallacy in Neighborhood and Health Studies Formal Definition, Empirical Identification, and Correction | Chaix, Basile; Duncan, Dustin; Vallee, Julie; Vernez-Moudon, Anne; Benmarhnia, Tarik; Kestens, Yan | EPIDEMIOLOGY | 2017 | Journal Article | Background: Because of confounding from the urban/rural and socioeconomic organizations of territories and resulting correlation between residential and nonresidential exposures, classically estimated residential neighborhood-outcome associations capture nonresidential environment effects, overestimating residential intervention effects. Our study diagnosed and corrected this residential effect fallacy bias applicable to a large fraction of neighborhood and health studies. Methods: Our empirical application investigated the effect that hypothetical interventions raising the residential number of services would have on the probability that a trip is walked. Using global positioning systems tracking and mobility surveys over 7 days (227 participants and 7440 trips), we employed a multilevel linear probability model to estimate the trip-level association between residential number of services and walking to derive a naive intervention effect estimate and a corrected model accounting for numbers of services at the residence, trip origin, and trip destination to determine a corrected intervention effect estimate (true effect conditional on assumptions). Results: There was a strong correlation in service densities between the residential neighborhood and nonresidential places. From the naive model, hypothetical interventions raising the residential number of services to 200, 500, and 1000 were associated with an increase by 0.020, 0.055, and 0.109 of the probability of walking in the intervention groups. Corrected estimates were of 0.007, 0.019, and 0.039. Thus, naive estimates were overestimated by multiplicative factors of 3.0, 2.9, and 2.8. Conclusions: Commonly estimated residential intervention-outcome associations substantially overestimate true effects. Our somewhat paradoxical conclusion is that to estimate residential effects, investigators critically need information on nonresidential places visited. | SELF-RATED HEALTH; RECORD COHORT; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; TRANSPORTATION MODES; BUILT ENVIRONMENT; ACTIVITY SPACES; RESEARCH AGENDA; RISK-FACTORS; ASSOCIATIONS; EXPOSURE | ||
| Physical Activity Measurement in Children Who Use Mobility Assistive Devices: Accelerometry and Global Positioning System | Kerfeld, Cheryl I.; Hurvitz, Philip M.; Bjornson, Kristie F. | PEDIATRIC PHYSICAL THERAPY | 2021 | Journal Article | Purpose: To explore the usefulness of combining accelerometry, global positioning systems, and geographic information systems, to describe the time spent in different locations and physical activity (PA) duration/count levels by location for 4 children with cerebral palsy (CP) who use assistive devices (AD). Methods: A descriptive multiple-case study. Results: Combining the 3 instruments was useful in describing and differentiating duration by location, and amount and location of PA across differing functional levels and AD. For example, the child classified with a Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level II exhibited large amounts of PA in community settings. In contrast, the child classified with a GMFCS level V had small amounts of PA and spent most measured time at home. Conclusions: Combined accelerometry, global positioning system, and geographic information system have potential to capture time spent and amount/intensity of PA relative to locations within daily environments for children with CP who use AD. | CEREBRAL-PALSY; OBJECTIVE MEASURES; FITNESS; YOUTH; DISABILITIES; ADOLESCENTS; EXERCISE; ADULTS | accelerometer; cerebral palsy; environment; global positioning system; mobility assistive devices; physical activity | |
| Urban driven phenotypic changes: empirical observations and theoretical implications for eco-evolutionary feedback | Alberti, Marina; Marzluff, John; Hunt, Victoria M. | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences | 2017 | Journal Article | Emerging evidence that cities drive micro-evolution raises the question of whether rapid urbanization of Earth might impact ecosystems by causing systemic changes in functional traits that regulate urban ecosystems' productivity and stability. Intraspecific trait variation-variation in organisms' morphological, physiological or behavioural characteristics stemming from genetic variability and phenotypic plasticity-has significant implications for ecological functions such as nutrient cycling and primary productivity. While it is well established that changes in ecological conditions can drive evolutionary change in species' traits that, in turn, can alter ecosystem function, an understanding of the reciprocal and simultaneous processes associated with such interactions is only beginning to emerge. In urban settings, the potential for rapid trait change may be exacerbated by multiple selection pressures operating simultaneously. This paper reviews evidence on mechanisms linking urban development patterns to rapid phenotypic changes, and differentiates phenotypic changes for which there is evidence of micro-evolution versus phenotypic changes which may represent plasticity. Studying how humans mediate phenotypic trait changes through urbanization could shed light on fundamental concepts in ecological and evolutionary theory. It can also contribute to our understanding of eco-evolutionary feedback and provide insights for maintaining ecosystem function over the long term. This article is part of the themed issue 'Human influences on evolution, and the ecological and societal consequences'. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/urban-driven-phenotypic-changes-empirical/docview/1983888412/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Actors and barriers to the adoption of LCC and LCA techniques in the built environment | D'Incognito, Maria; Costantino, Nicola; Migliaccio, Giovanni C. | Built Environment Project and Asset Management | 2015 | Journal Article | Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the existing barriers to the slow adoption of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC) in construction, and the main responsible actors. Design/methodology/approach - The research design is based on a two-phase approach. First, the existing literature was studied through a multiple-step content analysis (CA) approach, which combined unsupervised concept mapping with computer aided CA. Using a relational CA approach, statistical-based analysis tools were initially used to identify the relationships between actors and barriers. Later, a Delphi study was administered to a panel of experts, to triangulate, validate, and refine the initial results. Findings - The study revealed that organizational culture is the most relevant barrier, and that clients and professionals are the actors that predominantly influence the adoption of LCC and LCA in projects. Technical and financial barriers, such as the lack and quality of input data and the high costs of implementation are also deemed relevant. Research limitations/implications - The CA was performed by a single rater on a sample that included 50 papers in English language. Future research may focus on enlarging the sample, extending it to other languages, and linking the source (or the expert) to their professional context to evaluate geographical differences in barriers. Originality/value - The adopted approach gives new insights on the relationships behind the rejection of LCA and LCC suggesting that solutions at the organizational level may be more effective than technical ones. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/actors-barriers-adoption-lcc-lca-techniques-built/docview/2081641230/se-2?accountid=14784 | ||
| Physiological cost of concrete construction activities | Lee, Wonil; Migliaccio, Giovanni Ciro | Construction Innovation | 2016 | Journal Article | Purpose - The purpose of this paper was to investigate the physiological cost of concrete construction activities. Design/methodology/approach - Five concrete construction workers were recruited. The workers' three-week heart rate (HR) data were collected in summer and autumn. In this paper, several HR indexes were used to investigate the physiological cost of work in concrete construction trades, including average working HR, relative HR and ratio of working HR to resting HR. Findings - This paper measures how absolute and relative HRs vary throughout a workday and how working HR compares to resting HR for individual workers. Research limitations/implications - Field observations are usually extremely difficult as researchers need to overcome a number of barriers, including employers' resistance to perceived additional liabilities, employees' fear that their level of activity will be reported to managers and many other practical and technical difficulties. As these challenges increase exponentially with the number of employers, subjects and sites, this study was limited to a small number of subjects all working for the same employer on the same jobsite. Still, challenges are often unpredictable and lessons learned from this study are expected to guide both our and other researchers' continuation of this work. Originality/value - The time effect on the physiological cost of work has not been considered in previous studies. Thus, this study is noteworthy owing to the depth of the data collected rather than the breadth of the data. | |||
| Restructuration of architectural practice in integrated project delivery (IPD): two case studies | Abdirad, Hamid; Dossick, Carrie S. | Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management | 2019 | Journal Article | Purpose The purpose of this paper is to clarify that while integrated project delivery (IPD) methods can be momenta for restructuring architectural practice, they do not predetermine specific patterns of restructuration for the roles, responsibilities and services of architects. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on a multiple case study design; two IPD projects were theoretically sampled and studied. The data collection methods included semi-structured interviews and observations. An inductive data analysis approach was applied to frame the phenomena, conduct cross-case comparisons and develop propositions. Findings While IPD implementations set expectations for new structures for practices, it is the project participants' situated decisions that lead to the restructuration of some dimensions of architectural practice. The dimensions in this study included team formation, design leadership and collaboration and architectural services. IPD project participants locally changed and redefined conventional roles, responsibilities and project artifacts (e.g. drawings and models) that concerned design development and coordination. Practical implications - IPD context, by itself, does not predetermine a fixed pattern of change in establishing designers' roles, responsibilities and services because restructuration is highly negotiated amongst the IPD parties and can lead to different responses to this contractual setting. Contracts set expectations for collaborative behavior, but the fulfillment of these expectations is situated and emerging as project participants negotiate to develop practices. Originality/value - While IPD research and guidelines aim to provide recipes for IPD implementation, this study contributes to the body of knowledge by clarifying that IPD is a context in which unprecedented ways of practice restructuration could emerge. | CM | ||
| Normative and descriptive models for COBie implementation: discrepancies and limitations | Abdirad, Hamid; Dossick, Carrie S. | Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management | 2019 | Journal Article | Purpose The purpose of this paper is to inquire into the reasons why Construction Operation Building Information Exchange (COBie) has not become mainstream across the construction industry despite the significant attempts to promote it. Design/methodology/approach This paper framed and compared the normative model of COBie to a descriptive model of COBie. The normative model was based on the assumptions and planned procedures outlined in the COBie documentation. The descriptive model was developed through a case study of COBie implementation, with ethnographic observations, interviews and artifact analysis as the data collection methods and thematic analysis as the data analysis method. Findings The comparative analysis of the normative and descriptive models showed that the underlying normative assumptions of COBie can be challenged in its implementation. In the case study, implementing COBie disrupted the conventional practice of few participating firms as the data requirements and the expected sequences and timelines of tasks were not aligned with the industry norms for exchanging data. Furthermore, the normative model of COBie could not account for the unanticipated variability in the internal routines of firms for submittal production. Practical implications - COBie, as an instruction-based model, may not provide enough flexibility for some firms to adapt to its requirements such that COBie tasks become integrated with their existing workflows. COBie tasks may become additional efforts, and at times, conflict with the industry norms and firms' routines, and therefore, disrupt the efficiency goals. Originality/value This paper provides empirical evidence to clarify why implementing COBie has not been as efficient for all industry players as expected. | CM | ||
| The influence of urban design packages on home values | Bitter, Christopher;Krause, Andy | International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis | 2017 | Journal Article | Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of neighborhood design templates on residential home values in King County, WA, USA. Previous research examines a number of individual design factors; this study combines these factors into typologies and tests for the impacts of the composite set of design features. Design/methodology/approach The study analyzes over 27,000 home sales with a hedonic price model to measure the impacts across three large, regional submarkets. Neighborhood design categories are developed using a cluster analysis on a set of individual neighborhood attributes. Findings The key finding from this research is that the impact of more traditional (“urban”) design packages on home values is highly contextual. For the older and denser neighborhoods in the study area, a more traditional design results in a significantly positive impact on home values. In the new and more suburban regions of the study area, this effect is not found. Originality/value Prior work focused on valuing design attributes individually. The study argues that neighborhood design is better conceived of as a “package”, as the value of a given design element may depend on other co-located attributes. This is the first study, to the authors’ knowledge, to treat physical neighborhood design variables as a composite whole and to attempt to value their impact on home values as such. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/influence-urban-design-packages-on-home-values/docview/1901306012/se-2?accountid=14784 | Regional development , Packages , Cluster analysis , Suburban areas , Residential areas , Housing , Design , Connectivity , Property values , Urban planning , Emission standards , Neighborhoods , Urban areas , Influence , Household utilities , Design factors , Regional analysis , Housing prices , Land use , Tax assessments , Urbanism | |
| Impact of a nature-based intervention on incarcerated women | Toews, Barb;Wagenfeld, Amy;Stevens, Julie | International Journal of Prisoner Health | 2018 | Journal Article | Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the impact of a short-term nature-based intervention on the social-emotional well-being of women incarcerated on a mental health unit in a state prison. Design/methodology/approach This research used a mixed method approach with individual interviews, a focus group and a visual analog scale (VAS). Findings Qualitative results found that women appreciated the planting party and the way the plants improved the physical environment. Women were also emotionally and relationally impacted by their participation and practiced skills related to planting and working with people. Quantitative results indicate that women were happier, calmer, and more peaceful after the intervention than before. Research limitations/implications Study limitations include sample size, self-report data and use of a scale not yet tested for reliability and validity. Practical implications Findings suggest that nature-based interventions can serve as an adjunct to traditional mental health therapies in correctional settings. Nature-based interventions can support women’s goals to improve their mental health. Social implications Findings suggest that nature-based interventions can serve to improve relationships among incarcerated women, which may make a positive impact on the prison community. Such interventions may also assist them in developing relational and technical skills that are useful upon release. Originality/value To date, there is limited knowledge about the impact of nature-based interventions on incarcerated individuals coping with mental health concerns. | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/impact-nature-based-intervention-on-incarcerated/docview/2136861415/se-2?accountid=14784 | Planting , Mental health , Drug abuse , Mental health care , Funding , Intervention , Coping , Skills , Health problems , Mental disorders , Women , Prisons , Prisons , Correctional institutions , Horticulture , Prisoners , Emotions , Post traumatic stress disorder , Emotions , Quality of life , Selfreport , Technical skills , Built environment , Release , Intervention , Reliability , Medical research , Occupational health , Prisons , Women , Planting , Imprisonment , Health services , Mental health , Intervention , Emotional well being , Mental health , Oregon | |
| Optimal composition of hybrid/blended real estate portfolios | Ametefe, Frank Kwakutse; Devaney, Steven; Stevenson, Simon Andrew | JOURNAL OF PROPERTY INVESTMENT & FINANCE | 2019 | Journal Article | Purpose The purpose of this paper is to establish an optimum mix of liquid, publicly traded assets that may be added to a real estate portfolio, such as those held by open-ended funds, to provide the liquidity required by institutional investors, such as UK defined contribution pension funds. This is with the objective of securing liquidity while not unduly compromising the risk-return characteristics of the underlying asset class. This paper considers the best mix of liquid assets at different thresholds for a liquid asset allocation, with the performance then evaluated against that of a direct real estate benchmark index. Design/methodology/approach The authors employ a mean-tracking error optimisation approach in determining the optimal combination of liquid assets that can be added to a real estate fund portfolio. The returns of the optimised portfolios are compared to the returns for portfolios that employ the use of either cash or listed real estate alone as a liquidity buffer. Multivariate generalised autoregressive models are used along with rolling correlations and tracking errors to gauge the effectiveness of the various portfolios in tracking the performance of the benchmark index. Findings The results indicate that applying formal optimisation techniques leads to a considerable improvement in the ability of the returns from blended real estate portfolios to track the underlying real estate market. This is the case at a number of different thresholds for the liquid asset allocation and in cases where a minimum return requirement is imposed. | HEDGE-FUND-REPLICATION; VOLATILITY DYNAMICS; TRACKING ERROR; STOCK; PERFORMANCE; PROPERTY; RETURNS; MARKETS; PRIVATE; MODEL | Tracking error; Open-ended funds; Real estate liquidity; Portfolio optimization; Blended real estate; Defined contribution pensions | |
| A taxonomy for Whole Building Life Cycle Assessment (WBLCA) | Rodriguez, Barbara X.; Simonen, Kathrina; Huang, Monica; De Wolf, Catherine | SMART AND SUSTAINABLE BUILT ENVIRONMENT | 2019 | Journal Article | Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of common parameters in existing tools that provide guidance to carry out Whole Building Life Cycle Assessment (WBLCA) and proposes a new taxonomy, a catalogue of parameters, for the definition of the goal and scope (G&S) in WBLCA. Design/methodology/approach A content analysis approach is used to identify, code and analyze parameters in existing WBLCA tools. Finally, a catalogue of parameters is organized into a new taxonomy. Findings In total, 650 distinct parameter names related to the definition of G&S from 16 WBLCAs tools available in North America, Europe and Australia are identified. Building on the analysis of existing taxonomies, a new taxonomy of 54 parameters is proposed in order to describe the G&S of WBLCA. Research limitations/implications The analysis of parameters in WBLCA tools does not include Green Building Rating Systems and is only limited to tools available in English. Practical implications This research is crucial in life cycle assessment (LCA) method harmonization and to serve as a stepping stone to the identification and categorization of parameters that could contribute to WBLCA comparison necessary to meet current global carbon goals. Social implications The proposed taxonomy enables architecture, engineering and construction practitioners to contribute to current WBLCA practice. Originality/value A study of common parameters in existing tools contributes to identifying the type of data that is required to describe buildings and contribute to build a standardized framework for LCA reporting, which would facilitate consistency across future studies and can serve as a checklist for practitioners when conducting the G&S stage of WBLCA. | Content analysis; Taxonomy; LCA; LCA tools; Tools for practitioners; Whole building life cycle assessment | ||
| Cluster-Based LSTM Network for Short-Term Passenger Flow Forecasting in Urban Rail Transit | Zhang, Jinlei; Chen, Feng; Shen, Qing | IEEE ACCESS | 2019 | Journal Article | Short-term passenger flow forecasting is an essential component for the operation of urban rail transit (URT). Therefore, it is necessary to obtain a higher prediction precision with the development of URT. As artificial intelligence becomes increasingly prevalent, many prediction methods including the long short-term memory network (LSTM) in the deep learning field have been applied in road transportation systems, which can give critical insights for URT. First, we propose a novel two-step K-Means clustering model to capture not only the passenger flow variation trends but also the ridership volume characteristics. Then, a predictability assessment model is developed to recommend a reasonable time granularity interval to aggregate passenger flows. Based on the clustering results and the recommended time granularity interval, the LSTM model, which is called CB-LSTM model, is proposed to conduct short-term passenger flow forecasting. Results show that the prediction based on subway station clusters can not only avoid the complication of developing numerous models for each of the hundreds of stations, but also improve the prediction performance, which make it possible to predict short-term passenger flow on a network scale using limited dataset. The results provide critical insights for subway operators and transportation policymakers. | TRAFFIC FLOW; NEURAL-NETWORK; PREDICTION; RIDERSHIP; MODELS; VOLUME | LSTM; short-term passenger flow forecasting; urban rail transit; K-means clustering; deep learning | |
| Simulations for urban planning: Designing for human values | Davis, Janet; Lin, Peyina; Borning, Alan; Friedman, Batya; Kahn, Peter H., Jr.; Waddell, Paul A. | COMPUTER | 2006 | Journal Article | he authors present a snapshot of ongoing research into the design of user interactions based on the results from UrbanSim, a large-scale urban simulation system. UrbanSim projects patterns of land and transportation use and the environmental impact of various policies and investments over 20 years or more. The authors developed three tools to help a variety of stakeholders - planners, modelers, citizens - understand UrbanSim's indicators: technical documentation designed to make information about indicators readily accessible; indicator perspectives that provide a platform for organizations to advocate for the use of particular indicators in decision making; and household indicators that let citizens look at simulation results from the viewpoint of their own household. | LAND-USE; TRANSPORTATION | ||
| Blue Seattle: Immanent ethics and contemporary urbanisation. | Harris, Keith | Area | 2020 | Journal Article | This paper asserts that critical investigations into the urbanisation process should consider the actually existing ethics of the process itself, without defaulting to transcendent normative principles. Grounded in an ontology of immanence, as presented in Deleuze and Guattari's (9) political philosophy, I argue that attention must be paid to the production and transformation of normativity. Using the redevelopment of the South Lake Union (SLU) neighbourhood of Seattle - (in)famously home to Amazon, but largely envisioned and developed by Paul Allen's investment and philanthropic organisation, Vulcan - as an analytical starting point, this paper sketches |